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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Model-Theoretic Analysis of Asher and Vieu's Mereotopology

Hahmann, Torsten 25 July 2008 (has links)
In the past little work has been done to characterize the models of various mereotopological systems. This thesis focuses on Asher and Vieu's first-order mereotopology which evolved from Clarke's Calculus of Individuals. Its soundness and completeness proofs with respect to a topological translation of the axioms provide only sparse insights into structural properties of the mereotopological models. To overcome this problem, we characterize these models with respect to mathematical structures with well-defined properties - topological spaces, lattices, and graphs. We prove that the models of the subtheory RT− are isomorphic to p-ortholattices (pseudocomplemented, orthocomplemented). Combining the advantages of lattices and graphs, we show how Cartesian products of finite p-ortholattices with one multiplicand being not uniquely complemented (unicomplemented) gives finite models of the full mereotopology. Our analysis enables a comparison to other mereotopologies, in particular to the RCC, of which lattice-theoretic characterizations exist.
12

Model-Theoretic Analysis of Asher and Vieu's Mereotopology

Hahmann, Torsten 25 July 2008 (has links)
In the past little work has been done to characterize the models of various mereotopological systems. This thesis focuses on Asher and Vieu's first-order mereotopology which evolved from Clarke's Calculus of Individuals. Its soundness and completeness proofs with respect to a topological translation of the axioms provide only sparse insights into structural properties of the mereotopological models. To overcome this problem, we characterize these models with respect to mathematical structures with well-defined properties - topological spaces, lattices, and graphs. We prove that the models of the subtheory RT− are isomorphic to p-ortholattices (pseudocomplemented, orthocomplemented). Combining the advantages of lattices and graphs, we show how Cartesian products of finite p-ortholattices with one multiplicand being not uniquely complemented (unicomplemented) gives finite models of the full mereotopology. Our analysis enables a comparison to other mereotopologies, in particular to the RCC, of which lattice-theoretic characterizations exist.
13

Langages epsilon-sûrs et caractérisations des langages d'ordres supérieurs / Epsilon-safe languages and characterizations of higher order languages

Voundy, El Makki 15 November 2017 (has links)
Une ligne de recherche présente dans la littérature depuis les années soixante est celle des \emph{théorèmes de représentation}. Son résultat fondateur est le théorème de Chomsky--Schützenberger qui stipule qu'un langage est algébrique si et seulement si il est l'image par homomorphisme de l'intersection entre un langage régulier et le langage de Dyck. Ce résultat a connu depuis diverses généralisations à différentes familles de langages. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons plusieurs généralisations de ce résultat aux langages d'ordres supérieurs. En particulier, nous introduisons une notion de langages de Dyck d'ordres supérieurs, nous définissons et étudions des classes de transductions que nous qualifions d'$\varepsilon$-sûres et nous montrons qu'un langage appartient à un niveau $k+l$ de la hiérarchie des ordres supérieurs si et seulement si il est l'image d'un langage de Dyck de niveau $k$ par une transductions $\varepsilon$-sûre de niveau $l$. Ces résultats nous permettent aussi d'obtenir d'autres types de caractérisations tels que des caractérisations logiques. / Amongst the classical results of the language theory, one can cite the known characterization of algebraic languages proved by Chomsky and Schützenberger and which states that a language is algebraic if and only if it is the homomorphic image of a regular set intersected with the Dyck language. This result has opened a new line of research and defined a new type of characterizations known as \emph{representation theorems}. In this thesis, we prove various representation theorems for the higher order languages hierarchy. In particular, we introduce a notion of higher order Dyck languages and a hierarchy of classes of transductions that we call $\varepsilon$-stable (or $\varepsilon$-safe) transductions and we prove that a language belongs to some level $k+l$ of the higher order hierarchy if and only if it can be represented as the image of a level-$k$ Dyck language by a level-$l$ $\varepsilon$-stable transduction. These representations also allow us to approach other types of characterizations such as logical characterizations.
14

Generalizações do teorema de representação de Riesz / Generalizations of the Riesz Representation Theorem

Cesar Adriano Batista 19 June 2009 (has links)
Dados um espaço de medida (X;A;m) e números reais p,q>1 com 1/p+1/q=1, o Teorema de Representação de Riesz afirma que Lq(X;A;m) é o dual topológico de Lp(X;A;m) e que Loo(X;A; m) é o dual topológico de L1(X;A;m) se o espaço (X;A;m) for sigma-finito. Observamos que a sigma-finitude de (X;A;m) é condição suficiente mas não necessária para que Loo(X;A;m) seja o dual de L1(X;A;m). Os contra-exemplos tipicamente apresentados para essa última identificação são \"triviais\", no sentido de que desaparecem se \"consertarmos\" a medida , transformando-a numa medida perfeita. Neste trabalho apresentamos condições sufcientes mais fracas que sigma-finitude a fim de que Loo(X;A;m) e o dual de L1(X;A;m) possam ser isometricamente identificados. Além disso, introduzimos um invariante cardinal para espaços de medida que chamaremos a dimensão do espaço e mostramos que se o espaço (X;A;m) for de medida perfeita e tiver dimensão menor ou igual à cardinalidade do continuum então uma condição necessária e suficiente para Loo(X;A;m) seja o dual de L1(X;A;m) é que X admita uma decomposição. / Given a measure space (X;A;m) and real numbers p,q>1 with 1/p+1/q=1, the Riesz Representation Theorem states that Lq(X;A;m) is the topological dual space of Lp(X;A;m) and that Loo(X;A; m) is the topological dual space of L1(X;A;m) if (X;A; m) is sigma-finite. We observe that the sigma-finiteness of (X;A;m) is a suficient but not necessary condition for Loo(X;A;m) to be the dual of L1(X;A;m). The counter-examples that are typically presented for Loo(X;A;m) = L1(X;A;m)* are \"trivial\", in the sense that they vanish if we fix the measure , making it into a perfect measure. In this work we present suficient conditions weaker than sigma-finiteness in order that Loo(X;A; m) and L1(X;A;m)* can be isometrically identified. Moreover, we introduce a cardinal invariant for measure spaces which we call the dimension of the space and we show that if the space (X;A;m) has perfect measure and dimension less than or equal to the cardinal of the continuum then a necessary and suficient condition for Loo(X;A;m) = L1(X;A;m)* is that X admits a decomposition.
15

Essais d'analyse de la théorie axiomatique de la décision / Essays in the analysis of axiomatic decision theory

Baccelli, Jean 04 March 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse rassemble trois essais sur la théorie axiomatique de la décision.Ils relèvent principalement de l’analyse épistémologique de cette théorie.Le premier essai, “Les limites de l’ordinalisme”, concerne la doctrine ordinaliste,qui a joué un rôle important dans la constitution de la théoriemicro-économique contemporaine. Dans un premier temps, nous définissonsabstraitement cette doctrine. Nous la caractérisons par la thèse suivant laquelledes données de choix ne peuvent pas rendre empiriquement signifiantesles propriétés non-ordinales de l’utilité. Dans un second temps, nous évaluonscette thèse, la confrontant à divers développements de la théorie de la décision,qui paraissent la remettre en cause. Nous montrons que, malgré lesapparences, cette thèse n’est pas remise en cause par les développementsthéoriques que nous étudions.Le deuxième essai, “L’analyse axiomatique et l’attitude par rapport aurisque”, porte sur le statut, en théorie de la décision, des concepts d’attitudepar rapport au risque. A première vue, l’analyse axiomatique n’exploite pasces idées-là. Ceci reflète une certaine neutralité des modèles de décision ausujet de l’attitude par rapport au risque. Mais un examen plus poussé permetde mettre en valeur ce que nous nommons la variation conditionnelle et lerenforcement de l’attitude par rapport au risque, établissant par là mêmel’importance axiomatique des concepts d’attitude par rapport au risque.Le troisième essai, “Les paris révèlent-ils les croyances ?”, examine la méthodeconsistant à identifier les croyances d’un agent à partir de ses préférences.Nous nous concentrons sur l’obstacle principal auquel cette méthodeest exposée, à savoir, le problème de l’utilité dépendante des états. En premierlieu, nous illustrons ce problème de manière détaillée, distinguant quatreformes de dépendance de l’utilité aux états. En second lieu, nous présentonset discutons une stratégie permettant, malgré la possibilité d’une telle dépendance,d’identifier les croyances. Cependant, pour résoudre ainsi le problème,il faut laisser la préférence s’étendre au-delà du choix. Nous défendons quetel doit être le cas dans toute solution complète au problème de l’utilitédépendante des états. Nous affirmons aussi que c’est là la principale leçonconceptuelle à tirer de ce problème, et montrons qu’elle intéresse tant leséconomistes que les philosophes. / This thesis consists of three essays on axiomatic decision theory. Theybelong primarily to the epistemological analysis of decision theory.The first essay, “The limits of ordinalism”, focuses on ordinalism, a doctrinethat was instrumental in the constitution of contemporary microeconomictheory. First, I provide an abstract definition of this doctrine.I characterize it by the following claim: if the underlying data are choicedata, then no non-ordinal property of utility can be empirically meaningful.Second, I evaluate the above claim. I confront this claim with variousdecision-theoretic developments which seem to question its validity. I showthat, despite appearances, this claim is not challenged by the theoreticaldevelopments in question.The second essay, “Axiomatic analysis and risk attitudes”, examines thestatus of risk attitude concepts in decision theory. At first sight, axiomaticanalysis does not rely on these concepts. This indicates a certain neutrality ofdecision models regarding risk attitudes. Further analysis, however, leads oneto recognize the importance of what I call the conditional variation and thestrengthening of risk attitudes. This establishes the axiomatic significance ofrisk attitude concepts.The third essay, “Do bets reveal beliefs?”, examines the preference-basedapproach to the identification of beliefs. It focuses on the main problem towhich this approach is exposed, namely state-dependent utility. First, theproblem is illustrated in full detail. Four types of state-dependent utility issuesare distinguished. Second, a strategy for identifying beliefs under statedependentutility is presented and discussed. For the problem to be solvedfollowing this strategy, however, preferences need to extend beyond choices. Iargue that this is a necessary feature of any complete solution to the problemof state-dependent utility. I also claim that this is the main conceptuallesson to draw from this problem. I explain why this lesson is of interest toeconomists and philosophers alike.
16

Contrôle optimal et calcul des variations en présence de retard sur l'état / Optimal control and calculus of variations with delay in state space

Koné, Mamadou Ibrahima 15 March 2016 (has links)
L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à l'optimisation de problèmes dynamiques en présence de retard. Le point de vue qui nous intéressera est celui de Pontryagin qui dans son ouvrage publié en 1962 a donné les conditions nécessaires d'existence de solutions pour ce type de problème. Warga dans son ouvrage publié en 1972 a fait un catalogue des solutions possible, Li et al. ont étudié le cas de contrôle périodique. Notre méthode de démonstration est directement inspirée de la démonstration de P. Michel du cas des systèmes gouvernés par des équations différentielles ordinaires. La principale difficulté pour cette approche est l'utilisation de la résolvante de l'équation différentielle fonctionnelle linéarisée de l'équation différentielle fonctionnelle d'évolution qui gouverne le système. Nous traitons aussi de condition d'Euler-Lagrange dans le cadre d'un problème de calcul variationnel avec retard. / In this thesis, we have attempted to contribute to the optimization of dynamical problems with delay in state space. We are specifically interested in the viewpoint of Pontryagin who outlined in his book published in 1962 the necessary conditions required for solving such problems. In his work published in 1972, Warga catalogued the possible solutions. Li and al. analyzed the case of periodic control. We will treat an optimal control problem governed by a Delay Functional Differential Equation. Our method is close to the one of P. Michel on dynamical system governed by Ordinary Differential Equations. The main problem ariving out in this approach is the use of the resolvent of the Delay Functional Differential Equation. We also consider with Euler-Lagrange condition in the framework of variational problems with delay.

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