Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-11T18:11:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissSNP.pdf: 976301 bytes, checksum: 8a00331262b51a2ecd2d19367fa17c42 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T13:06:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissSNP.pdf: 976301 bytes, checksum: 8a00331262b51a2ecd2d19367fa17c42 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T13:06:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissSNP.pdf: 976301 bytes, checksum: 8a00331262b51a2ecd2d19367fa17c42 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T13:06:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissSNP.pdf: 976301 bytes, checksum: 8a00331262b51a2ecd2d19367fa17c42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / Não recebi financiamento / This work is placed in the universe of affirmative action in higher education, emphasizing policies of vacancies reservation for black people in graduation courses. It was analyzed the development of the construction process of the Affirmative Action Program of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), between 2004 and 2007, being that the period before the implantation of the Affirmative Action Program from UFSCar, covering the stage of discussions and outlining a proposal for an affirmative action program for this university. This study aimed to discuss the vacancy reservation policy for black people in Brazilian higher education; verify the process that led on the introduction of vacancy reservation policy on the graduation courses of UFSCar and its consequences; analyze the process of elaboration and approval of the Affirmative Action Program from UFSCar, based on institutional documents and depositions of participants in this process. It is intended to understand what were the forces that acted for the approval of this policy at UFSCar and how this movement may have contributed on the national stage for the approval of Law n° 12.711. / Esse trabalho está inserido na área da educação, tematicamente abordando o universo das ações afirmativas no ensino superior, com ênfase nas políticas de reserva de vagas para negros em cursos de graduação. Neste trabalho é analisado o desenvolvimento do processo de construção do Programa de Ações Afirmativas da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), compreendendo os anos de 2004 a 2007, período que antecedeu a implantação do Programa de Ações Afirmativa da UFSCar e compreendeu a fase de discussões e delineamento da proposta de um programa de ações afirmativas para esta universidade. O trabalho buscou discutir a política de reserva de vagas para negros na educação superior brasileira; verificar o processo que culminou na introdução da política de reserva de vagas nos cursos de graduação da UFSCar e seus desdobramentos; e analisar o processo de elaboração e aprovação do Programa de Ações Afirmativas da UFSCar com base em documentos institucionais e depoimentos de sujeitos participantes desse processo. Pretende-se compreender quais foram as forças que atuaram para a aprovação dessa política na UFSCar e como esse movimento pode ter contribuído no cenário nacional para a aprovação da Lei n° 12.711.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-02-07T10:12:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMOCC.pdf: 13900305 bytes, checksum: 124af4ac48c2e7b730b87d013a55e235 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Camila Passos (camilapassos@ufscar.br) on 2017-02-08T12:03:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMOCC.pdf: 13900305 bytes, checksum: 124af4ac48c2e7b730b87d013a55e235 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Camila Passos (camilapassos@ufscar.br) on 2017-02-08T12:08:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMOCC.pdf: 13900305 bytes, checksum: 124af4ac48c2e7b730b87d013a55e235 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-08T12:09:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMOCC.pdf: 13900305 bytes, checksum: 124af4ac48c2e7b730b87d013a55e235 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-06 / Não recebi financiamento / This dissertation is analytically the historical formation of the Indian Reserve Araribá located in the municipality of Avai (SP), focusing on the relationships that occur between Terena and Guarani groups that will lead to the formation of a village called Tereguá where, theoretically, individuals inhabit the mixing occurred between these ethnic groups. The reserve Araribá was created in 1913 by the official indigenous agency of the Brazilian state, first the Indian Protection Service - SPI (1910-1967) and then the National Indian Foundation - FUNAI (1967 onwards), on land belonging to the unoccupied calls state of São Paulo in territorialization process of the Guarani indigenous population that was scattered between the São Paulo west, north of Parana and east of Mato Grosso do Sul. Araribá reserve, initially occupied by Guarani families, eventually adding Terena families brought by SPI, from the 1930s, from Mato Grosso (South), and Brazilian regional were also incorporated by intermarriage. Currently, the reserve of 1.930 hectares, with a population of about 600 people, is divided into four villages: Kopenoti and Ekeruá occupied by Terena families; Nimuendajú occupied by families Guarani and Terena Tereguá occupied by families, Guarani and those in which there was a mix between these two ethnic groups. The sources used are literature and ethnographic, from a participant observation and conversations with the Indians during the research field. The work seeks to make an ethnography of Tereguá community, highlighting its historical formation and their relationships, established inside the reserve, with the other villages. / Essa dissertação tem como base analítica a formação histórica da Reserva Indígena Araribá, localizada no município de Avaí (SP), focando nas relações ocorridas entre os grupos Terena e Guarani, que vão dar origem à formação de uma aldeia denominada Tereguá, onde, teoricamente, habitariam os indivíduos resultantes da mistura ocorrida entre esses grupos étnicos. A reserva de Araribá foi criada em 1913 pelo órgão indigenista oficial do Estado brasileiro, primeiramente Serviço de Proteção aos Índios - SPI (1910-1967) e depois a Fundação Nacional do Índio - FUNAI (1967 em diante), em terras chamadas devolutas pertencentes ao estado de São Paulo num processo de territorialização da população indígena Guarani que se encontrava dispersa entre o oeste paulista, norte do Paraná e leste de Mato Grosso do Sul. A reserva Araribá, inicialmente ocupada por famílias Guarani, acabou agregando famílias Terena trazidas pelo SPI, a partir dos anos 1930, de Mato Grosso (do Sul), sendo que regionais brasileiros também foram incorporados por casamentos interétnicos. Atualmente, a reserva de 1.930 hectares, com uma população de cerca de 600 pessoas, está dividida em quatro aldeias: Kopenoti e Ekeruá ocupadas por famílias Terena; Nimuendajú ocupada por famílias Guarani e Tereguá ocupada por famílias Terena, Guarani e aquelas nas quais ocorreu a mistura entre esses dois grupo étnicos. As fontes utilizadas são bibliográficas e etnográficas, a partir de uma observação participante e conversas com os indígenas durante a pesquisa de campo. O trabalho procura fazer uma etnografia da comunidade Tereguá, destacando sua formação histórica e suas relações, estabelecidas no interior da reserva, com as outras aldeias.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-04-05T20:32:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMOCC.pdf: 13900305 bytes, checksum: 124af4ac48c2e7b730b87d013a55e235 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-04-19T14:27:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMOCC.pdf: 13900305 bytes, checksum: 124af4ac48c2e7b730b87d013a55e235 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-04-19T14:27:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMOCC.pdf: 13900305 bytes, checksum: 124af4ac48c2e7b730b87d013a55e235 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T14:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMOCC.pdf: 13900305 bytes, checksum: 124af4ac48c2e7b730b87d013a55e235 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This dissertation is analytically the historical formation of the Indian Reserve Araribá located in the municipality of Avai (SP), focusing on the relationships that occur between Terena and Guarani groups that will lead to the formation of a village called Tereguá where, theoretically, individuals inhabit the mixing occurred between these ethnic groups. The reserve Araribá was created in 1913 by the official indigenous agency of the Brazilian state, first the Indian Protection Service - SPI (1910-1967) and then the National Indian Foundation - FUNAI (1967 onwards), on land belonging to the unoccupied calls state of São Paulo in territorialization process of the Guarani indigenous population that was scattered between the São Paulo west, north of Parana and east of Mato Grosso do Sul. Araribá reserve, initially occupied by Guarani families, eventually adding Terena families brought by SPI, from the 1930s, from Mato Grosso (South), and Brazilian regional were also incorporated by intermarriage. Currently, the reserve of 1.930 hectares, with a population of about 600 people, is divided into four villages: Kopenoti and Ekeruá occupied by Terena families; Nimuendajú occupied by families Guarani and Terena Tereguá occupied by families, Guarani and those in which there was a mix between these two ethnic groups. The sources used are literature and ethnographic, from a participant observation and conversations with the Indians during the research field. The work seeks to make an ethnography of Tereguá community, highlighting its historical formation and their relationships, established inside the reserve, with the other villages. / Essa dissertação tem como base analítica a formação histórica da Reserva Indígena Araribá, localizada no município de Avaí (SP), focando nas relações ocorridas entre os grupos Terena e Guarani, que vão dar origem à formação de uma aldeia denominada Tereguá, onde, teoricamente, habitariam os indivíduos resultantes da mistura ocorrida entre esses grupos étnicos. A reserva de Araribá foi criada em 1913 pelo órgão indigenista oficial do Estado brasileiro, primeiramente Serviço de Proteção aos Índios - SPI (1910-1967) e depois a Fundação Nacional do Índio - FUNAI (1967 em diante), em terras chamadas devolutas pertencentes ao estado de São Paulo num processo de territorialização da população indígena Guarani que se encontrava dispersa entre o oeste paulista, norte do Paraná e leste de Mato Grosso do Sul. A reserva Araribá, inicialmente ocupada por famílias Guarani, acabou agregando famílias Terena trazidas pelo SPI, a partir dos anos 1930, de Mato Grosso (do Sul), sendo que regionais brasileiros também foram incorporados por casamentos interétnicos. Atualmente, a reserva de 1.930 hectares, com uma população de cerca de 600 pessoas, está dividida em quatro aldeias: Kopenoti e Ekeruá ocupadas por famílias Terena; Nimuendajú ocupada por famílias Guarani e Tereguá ocupada por famílias Terena, Guarani e aquelas nas quais ocorreu a mistura entre esses dois grupo étnicos. As fontes utilizadas são bibliográficas e etnográficas, a partir de uma observação participante e conversas com os indígenas durante a pesquisa de campo. O trabalho procura fazer uma etnografia da comunidade Tereguá, destacando sua formação histórica e suas relações, estabelecidas no interior da reserva, com as outras aldeias.

Objetivos: Investigar o percentual de pessoas com fissura labiopalatina inseridas ou não no mercado de trabalho e identificar as dificuldades vivenciadas nesse processo. Método: Estudo descritivo em 519 indivíduos com idade entre 18 e 35 anos com fissura de lábio e/ou palato, das diferentes regiões do Brasil, em tratamento no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC/USP). O método baseou-se em abordagem quanti-qualitativa, utilizando como instrumento para a coleta de dados um formulário de entrevista com 30 questões divididas em domínios. O cálculo formal da amostra foi feito a partir de um universo de 9.109 indivíduos que se enquadravam nos critérios definidos para o presente trabalho, com uma margem de erro global de 4,2% e nível de confiança de 95%, chegando-se a uma amostra de 514 indivíduos a serem analisados que, ao final da pesquisa, totalizou 519 participantes. Os domínios levantados foram: perfil sócio-demográfico; situação profissional atual; experiências profissionais anteriores; conhecimento e acesso de direitos; dificuldades e facilidades para inserção social e mercado de trabalho. Resultados: Dados quantitativos aferidos a partir das respostas colhidas em cada um dos domínios do formulário de entrevista mostraram que um percentual significativo de indivíduos estudados não está sendo contemplado com a reserva de cotas no mercado de trabalho (89,4%) e nunca foi anteriormente (98,0%); tem o ensino médio completo (51,3%); pertence à classe social baixa superior (65,3%); não tem conhecimento e acesso às leis que beneficiam as pessoas com deficiência (56,1%); não usufrui de qualquer um destes benefícios legais (86,5%), nem usufruiu (90,8%); sente necessidade da aplicação das leis que assegurem a inserção no mercado de trabalho (67,4%); sentiu ou ainda sente constrangimento ou vergonha por apresentar fissura labiopalatina (87,3%) na escola (51,6%), em relação à fala e estética (49,8%) e pelo motivo de zombaria (65,5%). Ao final de cada entrevista, todos os participantes manifestaram-se favoráveis à aplicação das leis de reserva de cotas no mercado de trabalho destinadas às pessoas com deficiência, especialmente aos indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina, devido às dificuldades vivenciadas, especialmente ligadas às dificuldades de fala e aparência facial, que levam a discriminações e preconceitos. Conclusão: Com base nos achados do presente estudo conclui-se que indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina não estão sendo devidamente contemplados com a reserva de cotas no mercado de trabalho destinado às pessoas com deficiência, uma vez que dos 223 indivíduos que relataram trabalhar no mercado formal, apenas 37 conseguiram pelo sistema de cotas. Ficou também evidenciado que o HRAC/USP tem contribuído para ingresso no mercado de trabalho destes indivíduos, por meio de ações que visam conscientizar os setores públicos e privados de que a fissura labiopalatina também é uma deficiência, assim como as demais categorias que são contempladas pelas Leis nº 8.112/90 e nº 8.213/91. / Objective: To investigate the percentage of people with cleft lip and palate inserted or not in the job market and identify the difficulties experienced in this process. Methods: Descriptive study of 519 subjects aged 18 to 35 years with cleft lip and/or palate, from different regions of Brazil and treated at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP). The method comprised quantitative and qualitative approach, with data collection by an interview with 30 questions divided in different domains. Formal calculation of the sample was obtained from a universe of 9,109 individuals who met the inclusion criteria of this study, considering an overall error margin of 4.2% and a confidence level of 95%, which led to a total of 514 subjects, finally adding up to 519 individuals at study completion. The following domains were surveyed: sociodemographic profile; current professional situation; previous professional experiences; knowledge and access to rights; difficulties and facilities for inclusion in society and the job market. Results: Quantitative data based on the responses to each domain of the interview revealed that a significant percentage of individuals with cleft lip and palate is not (89.4%) and has never been (98.0%) included in quotas reserved for people with special needs. Most have completed high school (51.3%), belong to upper low socioeconomic level (65.3%), have no knowledge on and access to laws that benefit people with disabilities (56.1%), do not make use (86.5%) or made use (90.8%) of these legal benefits, and feel the need of enforcement of the law that foresees the reservation of job quotas for persons with disabilities (67.4%). Most felt or still feel embarrassment or shame for the cleft lip and palate (87.3%) in school (51.6%), in relation to speech and esthetics (49.8%) and suffer bullying (65.5%). At the end of each interview, all individuals were favorable to the application of law that reserve quotas for people with special needs also for people with cleft lip and palate, due to the difficulties experienced in their lives, especially related to speech and facial appearance, which lead to discrimination and prejudice. Conclusion: Based on the present findings, it was concluded that individuals with cleft lip and palate are not being included in the reservation of job quotas for people with disabilities, because among 223 individuals with formal jobs only 37 had access through the quota system. It was also demonstrated that HRAC/USP has contributed to the job market entry of these individuals, by actions that aim to educate the public and private sectors that cleft lip and palate is also a disability, as well as the other categories that are covered by Laws n. 8112/90 and n. 8213/91.

A recorrência da palavra conflito em meus cadernos de campo e suas variações em expressões do tipo: é muita desunião, não têm mais paz ou em falas como ela está sendo perseguida são o ponto de partida dessa tese realizada entre as famílias tupi guarani da T.I. Piaçaguera, litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo. Trato do movimento tupi guarani a partir de diversos contextos relacionais tais como a escola indígena, as festas, apresentações para não indígenas, gravação de um CD/DVD de modo a mostrar o conflito como princípio da conjunção e disjunção de coletivos, que perpassa os modos de adquirir conhecimentos e captura os não indígenas tanto por torná-los parentes como por pacificá-los em iniciativas de turismo em que cultura é objetificada. / The recurrence of the word conflict in my fieldwork notebooks and variations of the word in expressions such as: \"there is much disunion\", \"there is no more peace\" or phrases like \"she\'s being chased\", are the starting point of this thesis conducted among Tupi Guarani families who live at the Piaçaguera indigenous reservation, at the southern coast in São Paulo State. I approach the Tupi Guarani movement from various relational contexts: indigenous schools, festivals, presentations to non-Indians and the recording of a CD / DVD. To show conflict as a principle of conjunction and disjunction of groupings of people that pervades the modes of acquiring knowledge and capturing the non-indigenous, both by turning them into relatives and by pacifying them in tourism initiatives where \"culture\" is objectified.

[pt] Esta tese apresenta novos algoritmos para controle de admissão de usuários em redes móveis celulares. É utilizada a técnica de reserva de recursos, também conhecida por uso de canais de guarda, para atingir os graus de qualidade de serviço desejados para cada tipo de usuário. São propostos algoritmos dinâmicos, capazes de se adaptar ao perfil de tráfego presente na rede e que possuem diferentes filosofias de projeto. Inicialmente, foi considerado o caso de uma classe que resulta em dois tipos de usuários: chamadas novas e chamadas em handoff. Os algoritmos propostos são testados em condições de tráfego representadas por diversas distribuições para o tempo de permanência do usuário na célula. Foi desenvolvido um novo simulador em linguagem C que é capaz de verificar o desempenho dos algoritmos propostos. Resultados analíticos para desempenho dos algoritmos de uma classe e um número fixo de recursos reservados são apresentados empregando uma modelagem por Cadeia de Markov. Foi desenvolvido um método que permite calcular a intensidade de tráfego máxima a qual o sistema pode ser submetido, e a quantidade de recursos a ser reservada assumindo que o objetivo é maximizar a utilização do sistema atendendo os valores de qualidade de serviço estabelecidos, no caso de tempo de retenção do recurso de rádio modelado por uma chamada com distribuição exponencial. Foi proposto um algoritmo simples, dinâmico e distribuído, baseado em medidas em tempo real, cuja meta é acompanhar a curva ótima de número de recursos reservados. Posteriormente, os resultados analíticos empregando Cadeia de Markov são generalizados para M classes. Alguns dos algoritmos definidos para o caso de uma classe são estendidos para o caso de duas classes e seu desempenho é avaliado, utilizando o simulador desenvolvido neste trabalho. O método para calcular a intensidade máxima de recursos que o sistema comporta, sem violar os requisitos de qualidade de serviço, é estendido para o caso de duas classes. Finalmente, são definidos parâmetros que permitem comparar o desempenho dos algoritmos com 2M classes, considerando uma distribuição genérica para o tempo de permanência do usuário na célula. / [en] This thesis presents new algorithms for Channel Admission Control in wireless communications systems. We investigate techniques based in resource reservation, also known as guard channel, to achieve the quality of service desired for each class of users. We propose dynamic schemes based in the cell traffic. Each algorithm has a different goal, some try to minimize the probability of handoff fail, others try to maximize the traffic intensity when the limit imposed by QoS is being approached. First, we considered one class (M = 1) divided in two classes: new users and handoff users. In order to test the new schemes we developed a simulator in C that uses different distributions for the dwell-time. During the simulation, the measures of channel solicitations and the result of their allocation are used to decide whether new calls will be admitted. We also obtained analytic results using a Markov Chain model. We developed a method to calculate the maximum traffic intensity that the system supports without violating the established quality of service constraints, assuming one class of users and the dwell-time modelled by a exponential distribution. This method allows to identify the maximum traffic intensity supported by the system and also the exact number of resources to be reserved for each value of traffic intensity. We proposed a new, dynamic and distributed algorithm based on real time measures which targets to follow the optimum number of reserved curve obtained from our procedure. We generalized the analytic results using M-dimensional Markov Chains to 2M classes of users. Some of the algorithms defined to two classes (M = 1) were extended to the case of four classes (M = 2) and their performances are evaluated using the simulator developed in this work. The method to evaluate the maximum intensity of traffic within the limits of QoS is also extended to the case of four classes. Finally we define new parameters that allow the performance comparison among 2M class algorithms, considering any dwell- time distribution.

Future mobile communications systems reaching for ever increasing data rates require higher bandwidths than those typical used in today’s cellular systems. By going to higher bandwidth the (for low bandwidth) flat fading radio channel becomes frequency selective and time dispersive. Due to its inherent robustness against time dispersion Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) is an attractive candidate for such future mobile communication systems. OFDM partitions the available bandwidth into many subchannels with much lower bandwidth. Such a narrowband subchannel experiences now due to its low bandwidth an almost flat fading leading in addition to above mentioned robustness also to simple implementations. However, one potential drawback with OFDM modulation is the high Peak to Average Ratio (PAR) of the transmitted signal: The signal transmitted by the OFDM system is the superposition of all signals transmitted in the narrowband subchannels. The transmit signal has then due to the central limit theorem a Gaussian distribution leading to high peak values compared to the average power. A system design not taking this into account will have a high clip rate: Each signal sample that is beyond the saturation limit of the power amplifier suffers either clipping to this limit value or other non-linear distortion, both creating additional bit errors in the receiver. One possibility to avoid clipping is to design the system for very high signal peaks. However, this approach leads to very high power consumption (since the power amplifier must have high supply rails) and also complex power amplifiers. The preferred solution is therefore to apply digital signal processing that reduces such high peak values in the transmitted signal thus avoiding clipping. These methods are commonly referred to as PAR reduction. PAR reduction methods can be categorized into transparent methods – here the receiver is not aware of the reduction scheme applied by the transmitter – and non-transparent methods where the receiver needs to know the PAR algorithm applied by the transmitter. This master thesis would focus on transparent PAR reduction algorithms. The performance of PAR reduction method will be analysed both with and without the PSD constrained. The effect of error power on data tones due to clipping will be investigated in this report.

Aujourd'hui, les systèmes logiciels sont omniprésents. Parfois, les applications doivent fonctionner sur des dispositifs à ressources limitées. Toutefois, les applications nécessitent un support d'exécution pour faire face à de telles limitations. Cette thèse aborde le problème de la programmation pour créer des systèmes "conscient des ressources" supporté par des environnements d'exécution adaptés (MRTEs). En particulier, cette thèse vise à offrir un soutien efficace pour recueillir des données sur la consommation de ressources de calcul (par exemple, CPU, mémoire), ainsi que des mécanismes efficaces pour réserver des ressources pour des applications spécifiques. Dans les solutions existantes, nous trouvons deux inconvénients importants. Les solutions imposent un impact important sur les performances à l'exécution des applications. La création d'outils permettant de gérer finement les ressources pour ces abstractions est encore une tâche complexe. Les résultats de cette thèse forment trois contributions : Un cadre de surveillance des ressources optimiste qui réduit le coût de la collecte des données de consommation de ressources ; une méthodologie pour sélectionner les le support d'exécution des composants au moment du déploiement afin d’exécuter la réservation de ressources ; un langage pour construire des profileurs de mémoire personnalisées qui peuvent être utilisés à la fois au cours du développement des applications, ainsi que dans un environnement de production. / Software systems are more pervasive than ever nowadays. Occasionally, applications run on top of resource-constrained devices where efficient resource management is required ; hence, they must be capable of coping with such limitations. However, applications require support from the run-time environment to properly deal with resource limitations. This thesis addresses the problem of supporting resource-aware programming in execution environments. In particular, it aims at offering efficient support for collecting data about the consumption of computational resources (e.g., CPU, memory), as well as efficient mechanisms to reserve resources for specific applications. In existing solutions we find two important drawbacks. First, they impose performance overhead on the execution of applications. Second, creating resource management tools for these abstractions is still a daunting task. The outcomes of this thesis are three contributions: an optimistic resource monitoring framework that reduces the cost of collecting resource consumption data ; a methodology to select components' bindings at deployment time in order to perform resource reservation ; a language to build customized memory profilers that can be used both during applications' development, and also in a production environment.

La technique Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) a été adoptée par plusieurs systèmes de télécommunications et de diffusion pour sa robustesse, sa capacité à transmettre de hauts débits dans des canaux radiomobiles et pour son efficacité spectrale. Cependant, les signaux OFDM sont caractérisés par des fluctuations importantes, mesurées par le rapport de la puissance crête sur la puissance moyenne (Peak to Average Power Ratio – PAPR) du signal, qui génèrent des distorsions à la sortie de l’amplificateur non-linéaire de puissance (High Power Amplifier - HPA) et ne permettent pas de l’utiliser dans sa zone optimale afin de diminuer sa consommation énergétique. La deuxième génération de la norme Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-T2) a notamment adopté la technique Tone Reservation (TR) de réduction du PAPR. Son principe consiste à créer un noyau, à partir d’un ensemble de sous-porteuses réservées, qui est ensuite ajouté d’une manière itérative au signal OFDM de façon à réduire les pics du signal et donc son PAPR. Dans la première partie de la thèse, différents algorithmes permettant d’améliorer les performances de cette solution TR DVT-T2 sont proposés. Un premier groupe de solutions, reposant sur la même définition du noyau, comprend : la technique Partial Oversampling and Fractional Shifted Kernels (POFSK) reposant sur un sur-échantillonnage partiel du signal, la technique Dynamic Threshold (DT) qui effectue un calcul dynamique du seuil de troncature et la technique Enhanced Peak Selection (EPS) qui améliore la sélection des pics à réduire. Le deuxième groupe de solutions comprend tout d’abord la technique Individual Carrier Multiple Peaks (ICMP) qui repose sur une nouvelle définition du noyau et utilise un calcul de phase différent permettant la réduction de plusieurs pics en même temps. La technique GICMP est une version optimisée de la technique ICMP qui, en parallélisant les opérations, permet de réduire le délai de traitement et le nombre total d’itérations. Les résultats de simulations et les mesures effectuées sur une plateforme de transmission réelle montrent que, par rapport à la version TR de DVB-T2, l’algorithme GICMP offrait notamment un gain de l’ordre de 2.5 dB en termes de Modulation Error Rate – MER ou permettait une réduction de 10 % de l’énergie consommée par l’amplificateur de puissance à performances identiques. [...] / Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been adopted by many telecommunication and broadcasting systems for its robustness, high transmission rates, mobility and bandwidth efficiency. However, OFDM signals are characterized by high power fluctuations, measured by the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), which cause distortions at the output of the non-linear High Power Amplifier (HPA) and prevent the radio frequency designer to feed the signal at the optimal point of the HPA specifications in order to reduce the energy consumption. The second generation of Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-T2) adopted two PAPR reduction techniques, one of them is Tone Reservation (TR). TR creates a Kernel from a reserved set of subcarriers. The kernel is then iteratively added to the OFDM signal in such a way to reduce its peaks thus reducing its PAPR. In the first part of the thesis, different algorithms offering better performances compared to the DVB-T2 TR solution are proposed. A first group of solutions introduces changes and enhancements to the TR algorithm adopted in DVB-T2 TR but keeps the same kernel definition. This group includes: the Partial Oversampling and Fractional Shifted Kernels (POFSK) technique which is based on a partial oversampling of the signal, the Dynamic Threshold (DT) technique which allows better algorithm convergence by dynamically computing the PAPR reduction threshold for every OFDM symbol, and the Enhanced Peak Selection (EPS) technique which provides additional PAPR reduction by choosing the appropriate signal peaks to reduce and the peaks to skip. The second group of solutions includes the Individual Carrier Multiple Peaks (ICMP) technique which is based on a special kernel definition that changes from one algorithm iteration to another and uses a different phase calculation approach that allows the reduction of multiple peaks at a time. GICMP is an optimized version of ICMP that allows the parallelization of iterations in such a way to reduce the processing delay and the number of algorithm iterations. The simulation results and real hardware platform measurements of the proposed algorithms showed that, compared to the DVB-T2 TR version, the GICMP algorithm allows a Modulation Error Rate – MER gain of up to 2.5 dB or a 10 % reduction in HPA consumed energy with the same performances.

Le concept de réserve voie a été présenté comme une stratégie de gestion du trafic et a de nombreuses applications dans la vie réelle. Des études antérieures dans la littérature se concentrent principalement sur l'impact de la réservation de la voie dans une région locale du réseau de transport. Dans cette thèse, les problèmes de réservation de voies sont étudiés dans le but de minimiser l'impact sur le trafic total par la réservation optimale des voies dans un réseau de transport. Nous avons d’abord se concentrer sur le problème de réservation de voie (LRP) pour le transport automatisé pour les poids lourds avec temps de déplacement statique. Ce travail est généralisé au problème de réservation voies avec une capacité limitée de la voie (CLRP) pour les grands événements spéciaux. Enfin, le problème de réservation de voies avec le temps de déplacement dépendant du temps (LRP-TT), et le problème de réservation voies avec la vitesse de déplacement dépendant du temps (LRP-TS) sont étudiés. Pour chacun des problèmes étudiés, les modèles mathématiques appropriés sont formulés, leurs complexités sont démontrées. Différentes méthodes de résolution sont explorées, y compris exacte cut-and-solve méthode, cut-and-solve et méthod de coupe combinée, et la méthode de recherche tabou. Les performances des algorithmes proposés sont évaluées par des instances générées au hasard. Les résultats numériques ont montré que les algorithmes proposés sont plus efficaces pour résoudre les problèmes étudiés que le logiciel commercial référence CPLEX / The concept of lane reservation has been introduced as a traffic management strategy and has many applications in real life. Previous studies in the literature mainly focus on the impact of lane reservation in a local region of transportation network. In this thesis optimal lane reservation problems are studied with the objective to minimize impact on total traffic by optimally setting reserved lanes in a transportation network. We firstly focus on the lane reservation problem (LRP) for automated truck freight transportation with static link travel time. This primary work has been extended to the capacitated lane reservation problem (CLRP) for large-scale special events. Finally, lane reservation problem with time-dependent travel time (TTLRP), and lane reservation problem with time-dependent travel speed (TSLRP) are studied. For each of the considered problems, appropriate mathematical models are formulated, their complexities are demonstrated. Different resolution methods are explored including exact cut-and-solve method, cut-and-solve and cutting plane combined method, and Tabu-search method. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated by randomly generated instances. Numerical results have shown that the proposed algorithms are more effective to solve the considered problems than the reference commercial package CPLEX