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<p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att utifrån tidigare institutionsplacerade ungdomars erfarenheter ta reda på hur de upplever tiden på behandlingshemmet, om behandlingen upplevts varit till hjälp och vad den enligt ungdomarna själva haft för inverkan i deras liv efter utskrivning. För att besvara syftet och frågeställningarna har vi använt av oss kvalitativ metod och genomfört fyra kvalitativa intervjuer med ungdomar som varit placerade på någon form av institution. Vi har utifrån tidigare forskning i ämnet analyserat intervjuerna. Ungdomarna hade generellt en positiv syn på placeringen, behandlingshemmet och dess personal. De ställde sig dock kritiska till uppföljningen från socialtjänsten och eftervården efter utskrivning. Även det faktum att bli placerad med andra ungdomar som ungdomarna tidigare inte haft en relation till medförde en negativ syn på placeringen och kunde även bidra till en negativ smittoeffekt. Resultatet från behandlingen har varit positivt för två av intervjupersonerna medan två ungdomar återgått till sitt gamla mönster.</p>

Syftet med uppsatsen är att utifrån tidigare institutionsplacerade ungdomars erfarenheter ta reda på hur de upplever tiden på behandlingshemmet, om behandlingen upplevts varit till hjälp och vad den enligt ungdomarna själva haft för inverkan i deras liv efter utskrivning. För att besvara syftet och frågeställningarna har vi använt av oss kvalitativ metod och genomfört fyra kvalitativa intervjuer med ungdomar som varit placerade på någon form av institution. Vi har utifrån tidigare forskning i ämnet analyserat intervjuerna. Ungdomarna hade generellt en positiv syn på placeringen, behandlingshemmet och dess personal. De ställde sig dock kritiska till uppföljningen från socialtjänsten och eftervården efter utskrivning. Även det faktum att bli placerad med andra ungdomar som ungdomarna tidigare inte haft en relation till medförde en negativ syn på placeringen och kunde även bidra till en negativ smittoeffekt. Resultatet från behandlingen har varit positivt för två av intervjupersonerna medan två ungdomar återgått till sitt gamla mönster.

This essay discusses children’s rights and control and system of rules in HVB-homes that provide treatment for adolescences with drug abuse prob­lems or criminal behavior. The results of this study are based on interviews with four persons working in managerial positions on different HVB-homes and shows the difficulties of having a children’s rights perspective in a con­text where a higher level of control is necessary to protect the best interest of the child. The study suggests that the question of balance between children’s right and the need for controlling system of rules needs to be fur­ther dis­cussed to improve, and as far as possible guarantee that these adoles­cence receive best possible care and do not suffer unfair restrictions on liber­ties.

The purpose of this study is to examine the situation of the school for boys 15-21 years of age lacking compulsory school attendance and is being located at five residential care units from the pedagogues’ point of view. The study was conducted by interviewing four pedagogical leaders and two teachers. The results demonstrate that the boys can choose the subjects they study as well as the amount of time they spend on studying each week. The teachers include non-learning activities during their lessons. Some of the pedagogues’ teach at a ninth grade level regardless of the boys' actual level. The boys have access to books. The pedagogues explained that they have a good relationship with the boys and that they noticed a lack of interest from the care workers regarding the boys' education. Most of the situated boys lack complete grades from the ninth grade when they leave the residential care unit. The major findings of this study are that the residential care units don’t offer education in all subjects in ninth grade. The pedagogues’ describe that they are afraid of insulting and scare the boys away from the school which affects the education of the boys.

Studies have shown that young people in residential care homes tend to be low achievers in school and are at high risk of entering adulthood with a low level of education. This group has also shown tendency to adverse psychosocial outcomes. The aim with this study is to reach an understanding of how teenagers and young adults view themselves and their future, what ambitions they have in life and how they see their opportunities to realize their goals. The study is based on a qualitative method and was conducted with semi structured personal interviews with five youngsters 15-21 years old in two different residential care homes. The theoretical viewpoints have been based on E.H Erikson’s theory about identity as well as the theory about resilience.The result of this study indicates that the persons we have interviewed have expressed difficulties in describing themselves. They also express a wish to finish their primary school with complete grades. All of them described what professions they would like to work with. It also came clear that they do not like to plan too far ahead, instead they take one day at a time.The young people that we interviewed expressed a positive view about their future, most of them knew what they want in life, but they find it difficult to describe the way to get there.

Bakgrund: Många personer med psykisk funktionsnedsättning har en upplevelse av låg livskvalitet. De har också en sämre utgångspunkt materiellt, ekonomiskt, socialt och hälsomässigt. Att beviljas insatsen särskilt boende innebär att få stöd, service och omsorg i sin vardagstillvaro. Tidigare studier har visat att för att ett stöd ska upplevas stödjande behöver personalen ha både kunskap och vissa egenskaper, lyssnande, medkännande och lyhördhet. Syfte: Att beskriva vårdpersonals erfarenheter och tankar kring hur man utformar vardagligt stöd till livskvalitet för personer som bor i särskilt boende. Metod: Halvstrukturerade intervjuer gjordes där sammantaget tio personal deltog från fem särskilda boenden. Som analysmetod användes kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultat: Personalens erfarenheter av att ge stöd till livskvalitet rörde sig inom tre olika områden. Hur dessa områden, vårdrelation, organisation och miljö var beskaffade och upplevdes påverkade stödets insats och kvalitet. Det framkom att en viktig komponent i det vardagliga stödet utgjordes av ett omfattande motivationsarbete. Det fanns en bristande överensstämmelse mellan de boendes uppfattning om stöd behov och det som personalen ansåg att de behövde. Ett samband som visade sig var personalens uttryckta maktlöshet i vissa stödjande situationer och samtidig frånvaro eller bristande kontinuitet av handledning. Diskussion: Det särskilda boendet har som konstruktion stora utmaningar i att göra anspråk på att vara ett hem och inte en institution. Redan språkbruket etiketterar; man bor inte i en lägenhet utan på ett gruppboende och man är inte hyresgäst utan boende. De yttre strukturerna kan förstärka ett vi och dom tänkande där behov och svårigheter riskerar att bli beskrivna utifrån grupptillhörighet. / Background: Many people with psychiatric disabilities have a perception of low quality of life. They also have lower standard, materially, economically, socially and health-wise. To be granted supportive housing means getting daily support, service and care. Previous studies have shown that the supporting staff have to be knowledgeable and have special features, compassionate, responsive and attentive. Aim: To describe a health care professional experiences and thoughts on how to style casual support to the quality of life for people living in sheltered housing. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted as with ten staff members from five supportive housing. The method of analysis was qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Results: The staffs’ experiences of providing support for quality of life was categorized into three different areas. How these areas, care relationship, organization and environment was constituted and perceived made impact on support effort and quality. It emerged that a key component of the everyday support consisted of a comprehensive motivational work. There was a mismatch between the residents' perception of support needs and what the staff felt that they needed. A relationship that turned out was the staff expressed powerlessness in some supportive situations and the absence or lack of continuity of supervision. Discussions: Supportive housing has as major challenges in claiming to be a home and not an institution. The language used; you do not live in your own apartment, but in a group home and you are not a tenant, but a person living there. The outer structures can reinforce an “us” and “them” thinking where the needs and difficulties might be described on the basis of group membership.

The purpose of this study was to analyze how the key staff concept is used in residential care for children and young people and which role the key staff concept plays in the organization. The study was based on semi-structured qualitative interviews with six key staff and two managers from two different residential care facilities for children and young people. The theoretical perspective used was the neo-institutional theory and Hasenfeld´s term Human service organizations. One of the conclusions of the study was that the key staff describe that they have a central role when it comes to the treatment of the children. Another conclusion showed the variety of tasks that the key staff have, like the administrative work that they do. They also have an educational role, similar to the one that parents normally have which means that they are responsible of parenting the children. They also described themselves as a link between the children and their social network. The people interviewed justified the use of the key staff concept as it gives structure for the work, security to the children and serves as a guide on how to create and maintain relationships. The institutional processes shown in the key staff concept are: the coercive, which can be seen by the obligation to follow the treatment plans. The mimetic, since it exists only a few ways to organize the work and the normative which shows that their education and/or the level of education can affect the approach that they have towards the children.

The older person’s component of the population has increased rapidly in recent years due to developments in medicine, technology and other areas of life. Growing older implies a gradual decline in the physical, mental and social functioning of an individual. Older people consequently have to rely on others for assistance, and, in some instances, they are looked after in residential care facilities. These facilities should be sensitive to older person’s culture, religion, ethnicity, privacy, dignity and independence. The aim of this study was to explore older person’s experiences in an economically deprived residential care facility in order to understand what their needs are and how these needs can be met so as to enhance older person’s subjective well–being. Socio–ecological theory and the BBB (Being, Belonging and Becoming) model were used to assess the extent to which the facility promoted the well–being of the residents of the facility. A qualitative research study was undertaken to determine the older person’s experiences of the residential care facility. A purposive sample of eight participants - three black and five white with ages ranging from 65 to 75 - was used in the focus group discussions. Another method, the Mmogo–methodTM, made use of a sample of 23 participants - eight black and 15 white with ages ranging from 65 to 75. The focus group discussions yielded insight into the older person’s experiences of the facility while in the Mmogo–methodTM, a visually projective method, the participants made visual representations of their experiences thereby revealing the deeper meanings of the experiences. The data, both textual and visual, obtained from the focus group discussions and the Mmogo–methodTM, were analysed using thematic content analysis. The trustworthiness of the study was ensured through crystallisation. The study revealed that the older persons in the facility experienced a lack of autonomy, isolation and discrimination. It also appeared that they wanted more contact with people outside the facility. Some of the older persons engaged actively with their environment while others adopted a more passive stance. The study suggests that older persons should be given the opportunity to take decisions regarding certain aspects of their lives. Also, interventions aimed at dealing with personal loss and relational deficiencies and at promoting respect for diversity should be planned and implemented in order to improve the subjective well–being of older persons in residential care facilities. / Thesis (M.A. (Research Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

The older person’s component of the population has increased rapidly in recent years due to developments in medicine, technology and other areas of life. Growing older implies a gradual decline in the physical, mental and social functioning of an individual. Older people consequently have to rely on others for assistance, and, in some instances, they are looked after in residential care facilities. These facilities should be sensitive to older person’s culture, religion, ethnicity, privacy, dignity and independence. The aim of this study was to explore older person’s experiences in an economically deprived residential care facility in order to understand what their needs are and how these needs can be met so as to enhance older person’s subjective well–being. Socio–ecological theory and the BBB (Being, Belonging and Becoming) model were used to assess the extent to which the facility promoted the well–being of the residents of the facility. A qualitative research study was undertaken to determine the older person’s experiences of the residential care facility. A purposive sample of eight participants - three black and five white with ages ranging from 65 to 75 - was used in the focus group discussions. Another method, the Mmogo–methodTM, made use of a sample of 23 participants - eight black and 15 white with ages ranging from 65 to 75. The focus group discussions yielded insight into the older person’s experiences of the facility while in the Mmogo–methodTM, a visually projective method, the participants made visual representations of their experiences thereby revealing the deeper meanings of the experiences. The data, both textual and visual, obtained from the focus group discussions and the Mmogo–methodTM, were analysed using thematic content analysis. The trustworthiness of the study was ensured through crystallisation. The study revealed that the older persons in the facility experienced a lack of autonomy, isolation and discrimination. It also appeared that they wanted more contact with people outside the facility. Some of the older persons engaged actively with their environment while others adopted a more passive stance. The study suggests that older persons should be given the opportunity to take decisions regarding certain aspects of their lives. Also, interventions aimed at dealing with personal loss and relational deficiencies and at promoting respect for diversity should be planned and implemented in order to improve the subjective well–being of older persons in residential care facilities. / Thesis (M.A. (Research Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.