Previous research conducted on the US markets has found that retailers' trading imbalances can contribute to excess return opportunities, especially on Small Cap stocks. Therefore, we argue that this can be seen as an anomaly. However, anomalies that are found historically may not tell the whole truth. This is because these anomalies have been established on respective studies' specific markets and time periods. Researchers that have investigated the issue argue that it is essential to further challenge anomalies by replicating them in other settings to see if the evidence still holds. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine if the retailers' trading imbalance anomaly can be replicated on Swedish Small Cap listed firms. We have examined this by using cross-sectional regressions in the spirit of Fama and MacBeth. This thesis concludes that the retailers’ trading imbalances cannot be replicated when applied to the chosen setting. We argue that the reasons for this are that retailers’ trading imbalances are not persistent, are not compensated when providing liquidity into the markets, and that it does not contain useful information about future stock returns. In addition, we also argue that inherent differences in the US markets compared to the Swedish Small Cap listed firms are affecting our possibility to successfully replicate the anomaly.

In today’s society, it is increasingly important for retailers to have an online presence, yet the adoption rate of e-commerce by small retailers is still lagging behind the that of larger retailers. This is due to the difficulty small retailers have to overcome the barriers to develop their web-shops, such as cost and time. This thesis will examine the barriers of single-store independent retail businesses to sell and market their goods online. It will use the Technology Acceptance Model framework developed by Davis (1986) to help understand how the barriers affect the retailers attitude towards the process of developing their web-shops. Specifically, it will ask the retailers, through interviews, what barriers exist, what their perception of difficulty to overcome these barriers is, and what their perception of importance to overcome these barriers is. The major findings show that the barriers for retailers have not changed in the past decade, nor has the difficulty level of overcoming these barriers. The majority of small retailers who have not yet developed their web-shops don’t feel that the effort to do so is worth the potential gains, yet the small retailers who have already developed their web-shops did feel it was worth the effort. The retailers all felt that the process was more difficult than it should be, and insisted they would make the leap if the cost and effort required was reduced.

No description available.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-08T16:31:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 uma_analise.pdf: 1521320 bytes, checksum: 826ae498769acda69af8efe004a11afb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T16:31:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 uma_analise.pdf: 1521320 bytes, checksum: 826ae498769acda69af8efe004a11afb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-21 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho apresenta uma análise das relações comprador-fornecedor na cadeia de suprimentos de produtos orgânicos no Brasil, por meio de um estudo de caso sobre como se caracterizam os relacionamentos entre o Grupo Pão de Açúcar e os seus fornecedores de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLV) envolvidos na cadeia de suprimentos da marca própria Taeq para sua linha de produtos Taeq Orgânico. O referencial teórico alia conceitos sobre varejo, estratégia das operações, cadeia de valor e rede de operações, gestão da cadeia de suprimentos e relações comprador-fornecedor. As relações comprador-fornecedor são apresentadas de acordo com o referencial de análise proposto em duas perspectivas: episódios de interação e relacionamentos que juntas definem o ambiente operacional no qual compradores e fornecedores interagem, compreendendo a redução na base de fornecedores, o relacionamento de longo prazo, o envolvimento do fornecedor no desenvolvimento de produto e a qualidade como critério prioritário para seleção e avaliação de fornecedores; bem como as dimensões dos relacionamentos criados neste contexto que contemplam a comunicação, as equipes multifuncionais, o compromisso, a cooperação, e as operações conjuntas. São observadas diferenças na caracterização dos relacionamentos a partir do varejo em todas as características observadas em relação aos constituídos entre intermediário atacadista, produtor-coordenador e produtor. Percebe-se que os relacionamentos entre comprador e fornecedores na cadeia de suprimentos de produtos orgânicos a partir de uma grande rede varejista se caracterizam por uma assimetria refletida na capacidade do varejo em exercer poder, influência ou controle sobre a cadeia de suprimentos em função de seu poder de compra e proximidade com o consumidor final; e pela busca da eficiência, em função da necessidade do varejo melhorar a relação custo/benefício de seus processos o que, em alguns momentos, impacta na confiança entre as partes, além da dependência do varejo em relação aos fornecedores em função da indisponibilidade de produtos que atendam a demanda atual. Porém, as práticas de relacionamento entre o comprador e seus fornecedores estão em constante mudança, devido às grandes alterações nos ambientes e à crescente necessidade de responder cada vez mais rápido às necessidades dos clientes, o que implica em uma dinâmica que permite a identificação de estruturas diversas e singulares. Adicionalmente, se percebe que a busca de diferenciação do varejista por meio da introdução de uma dimensão social na sua proposta de valor, na associação com marcas próprias de produtos orgânicos não assegura a extensão a toda a cadeia de suprimentos de orgânicos, mas gera benefícios à sociedade ao estimular a inclusão de pequenos produtores em cadeias produtivas mais elaboradas, promover a melhoria da saúde dos produtores ao adotarem a produção orgânica, sem o uso de agrotóxicos. / This paper presents an analysis of buyer-supplier relationships in the supply chain for organic products in Brazil through a case study on how to characterize the relationships between the Pão de Açúcar and their suppliers of fruit and vegetables ( FLV) involved in the supply chain to its own brand Taeq Taeq Organic product line. The theoretical framework combines concepts of retail, operations strategy, value chain and network operations, supply chain management and buyer-supplier relationships. The buyer-supplier relationships are presented in accordance with benchmark analysis discussed from two perspectives episodes of interaction and relationships that together define the operating environment in which buyers and suppliers interact, including the reduction in the supplier base, the long-term relationship the supplier involvement in product development and quality as a priority criterion for selecting and evaluating suppliers, as well as the dimensions of the relationships created in this context that include communication, cross-functional teams, commitment, cooperation, and joint operations. Differences are observed in the characterization of relationships from the retail on all observed characteristics in relation to established between intermediate wholesaler, producer-engineer and producer. It is perceived that relationships between buyers and suppliers in the supply chain for organic products from a large retail chain is characterized by an asymmetry reflected in the ability of retailers to exercise power, influence or control over the supply chain due to its purchasing power and proximity to the final consumer, and the search for efficiency, depending on the need for retail to improve the cost / benefit analysis of its processes which, at times, impacting on confidence between the parties, besides the dependence of retail against suppliers depending on availability of products that meet current demand. However, the practical relationship between the buyer and its suppliers are constantly changing due to major changes in the environments and the increasing need to respond more quickly to customer needs, which implies a dynamic that allows the identification of structures diverse and unique. Additionally, one realizes that the quest for differentiation of the retailer through the introduction of a social dimension in its value proposition, in association with their own brands of organic products does not ensure the extension to the entire supply chain for organic products, the benefits to society to encourage the inclusion of small producers into supply chains more elaborate, promote improved health of farmers to adopt organic farming without using pesticides.

Modemarknaden idag är både global och komplex med många uppfattningar om var värdet iprodukten ligger. Produkten och företagets image är kraftfulla medel för att differentiera sigpå marknaden. Då ett företag väljer att expandera till en ny marknad är det generellt ett sätt attskapa nya marknadsmöjligheter och för att öka sin försäljning. Innan etablering på nymarknad är det viktig att identifiera sin målgrupp. På den konkurrenskraftiga internationellamarknaden ligger makten inte längre hos leverantören, utan hos kunden.Distributionskanalvalet spelar en stor roll i avseende att nå företagets tänkta målgrupp. I denrådande konjunkturen besitter detaljister begränsade medel att spendera på oetableradevarumärken. Många detaljister behöver även begränsa antalet varumärken i sina butiker.I uppsatsen har vi valt att behandla den ungerska PR-byrån OurStyles designers och deraschans att ta sig in på Göteborgs modemarknad. Uppsatsen är skapad ur ett hermeneutisktförhållningssätt då det ger oss chansen att fritt tolka det studerade fenomenet. Vi har samlat inempiri genom vår fältstudie i Budapest, där vi gjort ett antal kvalitativa intervjuer medOurStyles designers, samt genom de detaljister vi varit i kontakt med i Göteborg. Iteorikapitlet beskriver vi den textila värdekedjan, globalisering, modebranschen, strategier föratt etablera sig på en ny marknad samt konsumentbeteende. Teorin och empirin är insamladför att kunna svara på problemformuleringen i uppsatsen.Genom att granska OurStyles designers och hur de arbetar har vi tagit fram tänkbaradetaljister på Göteborgs modescen. Uppsatsprocessen har gått ut på att se till vilka möjligheterde har att etablera sig på den göteborgska marknaden. Generellt är slutsatsen vi kommit framtill att det i dagsläget inte finns plats för OurStyles designers på Göteborgs modemarknad.Slutsatserna är grundade på den analys vi utfört genom att sammanställa teori med empiri.The fashion market of today is global and complex and there are many opinions about thevalue of the product and where it actually is to be found. The product itself and the image ofthe company are powerful tools to differentiate oneself on the market. When a companychooses to expand to a new market it is generally a way of creating new marketingopportunities and increasing its sale. Before establishing on a new market it is important toidentify your target group. In the competitive international market the power is no longer withthe supplier, but with the client. The choice of distribution channel is of big importance inrespect of reaching the company’s intended target group. In the current state of the market theretailers have limited means to spend on unestablished brands. Many suppliers also need tolimit the number of brands in their shops.In the essay we have chosen to focus on the Hungarian PR company OurStyle’s designers andtheir chance of getting into the fashion market of Gothenburg. The essay is written from ahermeneutical perspective since it gives us the opportunity to freely interpret the phenomenain question. We have collected empiric data through our field study in Budapest where we dida number of qualitative interviews with OurStyle’s designers, as well as qualitative interviewswith the suppliers that we have been in contact with in Gothenburg. In the theory chapter ofthe essay we describe the value chain of textile, globalisation, the fashion industry, strategiesto establish oneself on a new market and consumer behaviour. To be able to answer theproblem formulation we will use both theory and empiric data.By studying OurStyle’s designers and how they work we have compiled possible suppliers forthem on the fashion market of Gothenburg. The idea of the essay process has been to see whatopportunities OurStyle have to establish themselves on the market/scene of Gothenburg. Theconclusion in our essay is to a large extent that in the present situation there is no room forOurStyle’s designers on the fashion market of Gothenburg. The conclusion is based on theanalysis we have done, putting together theory and empiric data. / Program: Textilekonomutbildningen

This study deals with "open code dating," the movement by grocery manufacturers and distributors toward dating perishable food packages in such a manner that consumers can readily determine product freshness or length of time on store shelves. The study explores the desirability and feasibility of open code dating, placing greatest importance upon the response of the consumer to the concept. It was found that consumers were aware of open code dating and generally strongly desired its universal adoption. Shoppers were also confused by open dating and failed to understand freshness dates properly. The strongest desire for open dating was found in shoppers at the upper end of the socio-economic scale. Grocery retailers expressed satisfaction with open coding, believing it an aid in stock rotation and customer satisfaction. Possible disadvantages, such as increased throwaway costs and large conversion costs, were not perceived as being significant. The businessmen favored widespread adoption of open code dating. On the basis of data from interviews with shoppers, it is concluded that consumers desire adoption of open code dating and do use this service. It is also concluded that adoption of open code dating would be an economically sound decision which would constitute a desirable marketing strategy.

In central North Carolina, small and medium-sized discount retailers have had a high failure rate, which is troubling considering that small businesses create jobs and drive successful innovation that is critical for economic development. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore experiences regarding successful innovation strategies of 20 discount retail industry owners and general managers located in central North Carolina. This study was grounded in Rogers`s diffusion of innovations conceptual framework and Christensen`s disruptive innovation theory. Data collection occurred through semistructured face-to-face interviews with owners and general managers of discount retail industry. Data analysis strategies included a modified Van Kaam method to identify essential ideas and coded data into categories of relevant themes. Three prominent themes emerged during data analysis: (a) Discount retailers supported innovation, (b) innovation was the source of economic growth for these retailers, and (c) discount retailers said they need innovation for competitive positioning. The results may help strengthen innovation strategies of local discount retail businesses, which could produce greater profitability and growth. Further, social change implications include the potential to provide business owners with new ideas, leading to increases in tax revenues, which could help local governments provide better services in their communities.

Background Several researchers have studied atmospheric factors like crowding, col-ours, music and olfactory cues and tested their effect on shopping behav-iour. In the particular case of the influence of music in consumers‟ be-haviour, several notable observations have been made. Yet, the majority of the studies have focused on the phenomena of the music and the influences of its different factors towards consumers‟ be-haviour but little research has focused on managerial awareness of such effects on its consumers. Thus, there are still a lot of doubts about man-ager‟s practices and perception regarding the use and effects of atmos-pheric music. In line with the approaches mentioned above, this thesis intends to fill this gap in the literature through the attainment of two objectives: the first one is to study what exactly clothing retailers are doing in terms of atmospheric music and the second objective is to examine their implicit theories about the impact of the music on consumers‟ shopping behav-iour. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to study managerial practices and percep-tions of how music affects customers‟ shopping behaviour in clothing retailers in Sweden. Method This study employs a qualitative method. The Data was obtained through semi-structured face to face interviews with managers and staff of clothing retailers in Jönköping. These interviews were conducted in clothing stores located in the two main commercial areas of the city where the majority of the stores were located. Conclusions Our research found that in the big retailers the atmospheric music is used in a more systematically way than in the small ones. This level of sys-tematization is directly related to the level of centralization in decision-making and to the size of the store. On the other hand, with regards to our second objective we found thatnot only managers but also the salespersons working in the clothing stores have a high degree of knowledge about how music affects their customer´s shopping behavior. Some of their implicit theories coincided with what previous researchers have found while others didn´t.

Submitted by Monica Antunes do Couto (monicaacouto@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-26T00:10:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Monica Couto.pdf: 1486661 bytes, checksum: 95cbd57f52daf59e08cc96172f62c855 (MD5) / Rejected by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br), reason: Boa tarde Monica, Alguns ajustes devem ser realizados conforme normas: 1. O nome GETULIO não tem acento; 2. O título do trabalho deve estar todo em caixa alta; 3. As palavras-chave do abstract devem ser separadas por ponto e vírgula; 4. Elementos pré-textuais não devem ser inseridos no sumário - somente da introdução em diante; 5. Lista de tabelas, lista de figuras entram antes do sumário; Att, Mayara 3799-3438 on 2018-01-26T20:50:14Z (GMT) / Submitted by Monica Antunes do Couto (monicaacouto@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-28T23:19:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Monica Couto.pdf: 1487098 bytes, checksum: 9f91f6546893867e1e2c1acb4e39b06f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br) on 2018-01-29T20:48:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Monica Couto.pdf: 1487098 bytes, checksum: 9f91f6546893867e1e2c1acb4e39b06f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-30T11:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Monica Couto.pdf: 1487098 bytes, checksum: 9f91f6546893867e1e2c1acb4e39b06f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-18 / O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a sensibilidade do consumidor a preço após promoções com diferentes percentuais de desconto em produtos líderes e não líderes e com duas maneiras distintas de comunicação da oferta. Tal questão é relevante, pois um plano de oferta otimizado possibilita ganho dos dois lados da cadeia: consumidor e varejista. O consumidor reconhece e valoriza a oferta e o supermercadista não sofre com o desperdício de recursos financeiros, ou com a aplicação de recursos em produtos que trazem pouco retorno à empresa. Além disso, se a empresa compreende o comportamento do cliente em períodos promocionais é possível projetar melhor as receitas e o estoque. Algumas variações de desconto não são reconhecidas pelos clientes e, portanto, não resultam em aumento na quantidade comprada. Além disso, a maneira que uma oferta é comunicada desempenha um papel fundamental para o sucesso de uma promoção de preço, seja ela para produtos líderes ou não líderes. Os resultados dos experimentos foram medidos de maneira comparativa entre os produtos analisados. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma rede de supermercados no interior do Estado de São Paulo e é quantitativa experimental. Este estudo pretende contribuir para a prática empresarial e acadêmica. No plano corporativo, possibilita um melhor entendimento de como variações no percentual de desconto de preço influenciam de maneira diferente na quantidade vendida, oferece alternativas que possibilitam aos varejistas a implantação de políticas de oferta mais eficientes, ampliando o conhecimento da relação: precificação e respostas dos consumidores, e mostra que mudanças simples na maneira de comunicar a oferta geram impactos importantes na quantidade vendida. Já no plano acadêmico, agrega conteúdo à literatura de precificação no varejo. Os resultados deste estudo trazem implicações para os varejistas e a indústria alimentícia. / The present study aims to investigate the price sensitivity of consumers to price and promotions with different percentages of price reduction in leading and non-leading products and to two different ways of communicating the offer. This investigation is relevant, since optimized alternatives allow the gain of both sides: consumer and retailer. To the consumers, as they recognize and value the price promotion, and to the supermarkets, as they will not suffer from the waste of financial resources, or the application of resources in products that bring little return to the company. In addition, if the company understands customer behavior during promotional efforts, sales and inventories can be better predicted. Some price promotional discount variations are not recognized by customers and therefore do not result in an increase in the quantity purchased. In addition, the way an offer is communicated plays a key role in the success of a price promotion, whether for leading or non-leading products. An empirical research through experimental design was conducted, allowing valuable comparisons among different products and different price and promotional alternatives. The research was carried out in a supermarket chain in cities of the State of São Paulo. This study offers contributions not only to conceptual frameworks, but also to business applications. At the corporate level, it contributes to: a better understanding of how variations in the percentage of price discounts influence the quantity sold, offers alternatives for retailers to implement more efficient promotional policies, broadens the knowledge about the relationship between pricing and consumer responses, and shows that simple changes in the way to communicate promotions can have significant impacts on the quantity sold. In the conceptual context, it aggregates knowledge to the literature of pricing in the retail industry. The results of this study have therefore implications for retailers and for the food industry.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3713.pdf: 1917110 bytes, checksum: 86283574ef904a43ecc9fea2edf4cc28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-29 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / For the past few years, wholesalers have shown strong involvement with marketing strategies, including private labels management. This study aims at evaluating the alignment between wholesalers private labels strategy and its retailing customers perspectives, analysing the marketing elements involved in this relationship. This is a qualitative research with exploratory purpose. The research was developed in five sequential phases. In phase one, secondary data was collected though bibliographic research. During phase two, research s elements and questions were defined. Wholesalers were contacted during phase three, asking for retailers contacts from their database (retailers that buy private labels from the wholesalers). During this phase, a pre-test of the study was developed with two different retailers. In phase four, semi-structured interviews with managers and owners of fifteen food retailers in Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais were developed. The interviewed retailers are wholesalers private labels customers. Phase five was characterized by the data analysis, using content analysis and data sources triangulation. As a result, the study presents an analysis of wholesalers private labels strategy based on retailers perspectives about the marketing elements involved in this strategy. Through a comparative analysis of these elements, it was possible to evaluate how retailers understand the marketing elements developed and managed by wholesalers. It was also possible to analyse which aspects facilitate or not the alignment between agents perspectives, as well as strategic and managerial implications of the gaps in this strategy. From the results, it was possible to develop an analytical scheme with suggestions to facilitate the alignment between wholesalers private label strategies and the role of its customers (the interviewed retailers), specially in terms of joint management and implementation of the strategy. Finally, limitations of the research and suggestions for future researches were presented. / Nos últimos anos o setor atacadista tem apresentado forte envolvimento com estratégias mercadológicas, incorporando às suas atividades tradicionais o gerenciamento de produtos com sua própria marca, a exemplo do que já vinha ocorrendo no setor varejista. O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar o alinhamento da estratégia de marcas próprias do atacado distribuidor em relação às perspectivas dos clientes varejistas, analisando os elementos de marketing congruentes e incongruentes dessa relação. Esta pesquisa é qualitativa com propósito exploratório e foi realizada em cinco fases sequenciais. A primeira consistiu no levantamento de dados secundários por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. Na segunda fase foram definidos os elementos, pressupostos e questões da pesquisa que orientaram o processo de coleta de dados. Na terceira fase da pesquisa foi solicitada a colaboração de atacadistas distribuidores para a disponibilização do banco de dados de clientes varejistas que compram produtos de marcas próprias. Nessa fase também foi realizado um estudo piloto com dois clientes varejistas de diferentes perfis. Na quarta fase da pesquisa, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com gerentes e proprietários de 15 estabelecimentos varejistas supermercadistas dos estados de SP e MG, que compõem a carteira de clientes de marcas próprias do atacadista distribuidor que colaborou com a pesquisa. A quinta e última fase caracterizou-se pelo processo de análise dos dados que utilizou técnicas de análise de conteúdo e triangulação das fontes de dados. Como resultado, o estudo apresenta uma análise da estratégia de marcas próprias do atacado distribuidor com base na perspectiva dos clientes varejistas sobre os elementos de marketing envolvidos na estratégia. Por meio da análise comparativa desses elementos, foi possível avaliar como os clientes varejistas compreendem os elementos de marketing desenvolvidos e gerenciados pelo atacadista distribuidor e que aspectos favorecem e ou dificultam o alinhamento entre as perspectivas dos agentes, assim como as implicações estratégicas e gerenciais provocadas pelos gaps da estratégia. A partir dos resultados foi proposto um esquema analítico com sugestões para auxiliar o alinhamento da estratégia de marcas próprias dos atacadistas distribuidores em relação aos gaps e ao papel dos clientes varejistas no esforço conjunto de desenvolver e gerenciar a estratégia. Por fim, foram apresentadas as limitações desta pesquisa, assim como sugestões para trabalhos futuros.