Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:44:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 1836085 bytes, checksum: eae0ae0278a6c2c7af0f833a8ec29fac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The main objective of this study is to analyze the effect of experience of interstate migration in Brazil on the productive reinsertion and on the income of the employee that returned to the region of origin. The data used in this study were derived from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) of 1999 and 2009. This study is divided into three sections. The first is reserved for the investigation of the migratory pattern inside the Brazilian territory and for the comparison of the socioeconomic attributes of return migrants with those observed for non-migrants and non-returned migrants. In the 2000s, the evidences show that most migrants of return comes back to the Northeast and, also, that Southeast has sent more people who received, indicating a loss of attractiveness. The again migrated worker can be characterized as an individual male, nonwhite race, urban person and head of family, being, on average, younger, more educated and better paid than non-migrant. On the other hand, the migrated worker again is older, less educated and receives lower income than non-returned migrant. In the second part are analyzed the determination of the condition of migration and salary differentials between categories: interstate migrants of return, interstate non-returned migrant and non-migrant. The methodology consisted in estimating a structural model of joint determination of migration, remigration and wages, with the application of the method of Lee (1978) for the correction of possible sample selection bias. Moreover, wage differentials were calculated using the technique of Oaxaca-Blinder-Oaxaca and Ramson. The empirical findings show that male workers, more educated, employed as self-employed and entrepreneurs were more inclined to interstate migration and remigration to the state of birth. And, in relation to profits, show that male workers, more educated, employed as civil servants and entrepreneurs, profited higher values. But, the non-returned migrants and the migrants of return received higher incomes than non-migrants. These differences are mainly explained by unobserved characteristics, indicating a positive selection of migrants on attributes not observed in relation to non-migrants. Finally, the objective of the third part was to investigate the impact of the accumulation of savings and/or wealth in the decision to occupation of interstate migrants of return. The methodology used in that investigation was to estimate a probit model with endogenous regressor, correcting the bias this endogeneity in wealth accumulation. Empirical evidences enabled to identify that accumulation of wealth had a positive impact on the choice to employ themselves as self-employed and entrepreneur. Furthermore, the return migrants more favorable to self-employment or entrepreneur are men, white, aged older, with low schooling and that living in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions. In relation to the accumulation of wealth, were also verified that workers who returned before 2000 have accumulated more wealth than workers of recent decade and the accumulation of wealth was generated during the period of youth of the workers. / O principal objetivo desse estudo é analisar o efeito da experiência de migração interestadual no Brasil sobre a reinserção produtiva e os rendimentos do trabalhador retornado à região de origem. Os dados utilizados neste estudo foram provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNADs) de 1999 e de 2009. Esse estudo está dividido em três ensaios. O primeiro é reservado à investigação do padrão migratório dentro do território brasileiro e à comparação dos atributos socioeconômicos dos migrantes de retorno com aqueles observados para os não migrantes e migrantes não retornados. Na década de 2000, as evidências mostram que a maioria dos migrantes de retorno voltou para a região Nordeste e também que a região Sudeste emitiu mais pessoas que recebeu, indicando perda de capacidade de atração. O trabalhador remigrado pode ser caracterizado como um indivíduo do sexo masculino, de cor não branca, residente em área urbana e chefe de família; sendo, em média, mais jovem, mais escolarizado e melhor remunerado que o não migrante. Por outro lado, o remigrado é mais velho, menos escolarizado e aufere menor rendimento que o migrante não retornado. No segundo ensaio se analisam a determinação da condição de migração e os diferenciais de salários entre as categorias: migrante interestadual de retorno, migrante interestadual não retornado e não migrante. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na estimativa de um modelo estrutural de determinação conjunta de migração, remigração e salários, com a aplicação do método de Lee (1978) para a correção do possível viés de seleção amostral. Ademais, os diferenciais de salários foram calculados a partir da técnica de Oaxaca-Ramson e Oaxaca-Blinder. Os achados empíricos apontam que trabalhadores homens, mais escolarizados, ocupados como autônomos e empreendedores, foram mais propensos à migração interestadual e à remigração ao estado de nascimento. Ademais, em relação aos rendimentos, mostram que os trabalhadores homens, mais escolarizados, ocupados como funcionários públicos e empreendedores, auferiram maiores valores. Porém, os migrantes não retornados e os migrantes de retorno receberam maiores rendimentos do que os não migrantes, sendo estas diferenças explicadas principalmente pelas características não observadas, indicando uma seleção positiva dos migrantes em atributos não observados em relação aos não migrantes. Por último, o objetivo do terceiro ensaio foi investigar o impacto da acumulação de poupança e/ou riqueza na decisão de ocupação do migrante interestadual de retorno. A metodologia usada na referida averiguação foi a estimação de um modelo probit com regressor endógeno, corrigindo o viés de endogeneidade presente na acumulação de riqueza. As evidências empíricas permitiram observar que a acumulação de riqueza impactou positivamente na escolha por empregar-se como autônomo e empreendedor. Ademais, também foi constatado que os trabalhadores migrantes mais prováveis de se empregar como autônomo ou empreendedor são os homens, de cor branca, mais velhos, com baixa escolaridade e que residem nas regiões do Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. Em relação à acumulação de riqueza, também foram constatados que os trabalhadores que retornaram antes do ano 2000 foram os que acumularam mais riqueza do que os trabalhadores da década recente e os acúmulos de riqueza foram gerados no período de juventude dos trabalhadores.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-04-27T13:17:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 devanitomazdomingues.pdf: 3626289 bytes, checksum: 501454d556aa8030b7f2fc6f806febbd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-27T13:18:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 devanitomazdomingues.pdf: 3626289 bytes, checksum: 501454d556aa8030b7f2fc6f806febbd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-27T13:18:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 devanitomazdomingues.pdf: 3626289 bytes, checksum: 501454d556aa8030b7f2fc6f806febbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-14 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / O objeto central desta tese é compreender o efeito do processo migratório sobre a inserção do migrante internacional de retorno no mercado de trabalho do país de origem. Tem como foco os brasileiros de retorno ao Estado de Minas Gerais e, particularmente, à Microrregião de Governador Valadares. As questões norteadoras do estudo são: a experiência migratória internacional tem impacto para o indivíduo quanto a sua inserção no mercado de trabalho no país de origem? Se sim, esse impacto é positivo ou negativo? Quais fatores ligados à experiência migratória afeta a situação socioeconômica do indivíduo no mercado de trabalho de origem? A proposta é identificar se o migrante de retorno está em vantagem ou em desvantagem no mercado de trabalho brasileiro em comparação aos nacionais não migrantes e migrantes interestaduais. Ou se ele se encontra em iguais condições aos demais. Para isso, além do fato de ser retornado ou não, investiga-se também quanto os efeitos do destino da emigração, do tempo de residência após o retorno e do fato de professar crença religiosa predominante ou não na comunidade sobre a situação no mercado de trabalho. Por fim, verifica-se o efeito das redes sociais sobre a situação socioeconômica do retornado. A situação socioeconômica no mercado de trabalho é mensurada por meio da renda, da probabilidade de estar empregado e da posição ocupacional. O estudo fundamenta-se nas metodologias quantitativa e qualitativa, explorando uma amostra dos microdados do Censo Demográfico de 2010 (IBGE) e dados secundários provenientes de duas pesquisas realizadas na Microrregião de Governador Valadares, no Estado de Minas Gerais, entre os anos de 2012 e 2015. Além disso, retoma dados primários da pesquisa qualitativa realizada por mim, entre os anos de 2006 e 2007. Na análise da amostra do Censo 2010, utilizam-se técnicas estatísticas de modelagem hierárquica – linear, logit binomial e logit multinomial com interceptos aleatórios, via GLLAMM (generalized linear latent and mixed models). Os resultados mostram que, comparados aos não migrantes e migrantes interestaduais, os retornados de uma migração internacional têm rendimentos médios maiores. Entretanto, quanto estar ou não empregado verifica-se que eles estão em desvantagem, uma vez que os mesmos apresentam menores chances de estarem ocupados se comparados aos não migrantes. Quanto à posição ocupacional, evidencia-se uma razão relativa de risco superior para o retornado, destacando propensão a estar na condição de empregador ou trabalhador por conta própria, em relação a estar empregado. Pode-se afirmar que o destino da emigração afeta o rendimento no mercado de trabalho, evidenciando que os retornados dos Estados Unidos possuem renda média superior aos demais retornados de Portugal e Itália. Ademais, a participação em instituição religiosa e tempo de residência no Estado de Minas Gerais se mostraram com forte poder explicativo no aspecto da empregabilidade, permitindo-nos argumentar sobre a importância das interações e fortalecimento dos laços sociais para a reinserção produtiva. Os relatos evidenciam várias dificuldades enfrentadas no processo de readaptação e empregabilidade na origem, perda de referenciais socioculturais e queda na qualidade de vida econômica. Apesar de apontarem para as dificuldades, os entrevistados manifestam satisfação de estarem de volta e enfatizam a importância dos laços sociais, reafirmando ter sido primordial o apoio da família e dos amigos para a readaptação e inserção no mercado de trabalho. / The central objective of this thesis is to understand the effect of the international migration process on the insertion of the return migrant into the labor market of the country of origin. Its focus is the Brazilians returning to the State of Minas Gerais and, particularly, the Microregion of Governador Valadares. The guiding questions of the study are: does the international migratory experience have an impact on the individual about their insertion in the labor market in the country of origin? If so, is this impact positive or negative? Which factors related to the migratory experience affect the socioeconomic situation of the individual in the labor market of origin? The proposal is to identify whether the returnees is at an advantage or at a disadvantage in the Brazilian labor market in comparison to non-migrants and interstate migrants. Or whether the returnees are in the same conditions as the others. For this, besides the fact of being returnee or not, it is also investigated the effects of the destiny of the emigration, the time of residence after return and the fact of professing religious belief predominating or not in the community about the situation in the labor market. Finally, the effect of social networks on the socioeconomic situation of the returnee is verified. The socioeconomic situation is measured by means of income, the probability of being employed and the occupational position. The study is based on quantitative and qualitative methodologies, exploring a sample of Minas Gerais microdata from the Brazil Demographic Census of 2010 (IBGE) and secondary data from two surveys carried out in the Microregion of Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, between the years of 2012 and 2015. In the analysis of the 2010 Census sample, we use statistical techniques of hierarchical modeling – linear, binomial logit and multinomial logit with random intercepts, using GLLAMM (generalized linear latent and mixed models). The results show that, compared to non-migrants and interstate migrants, returnees have higher average incomes. However, in terms of whether employees, they are disadvantaged. Because they are less likely to be employee compared to non-migrants. Regarding the occupational condition, there is a relative higher risk ratio for the returnee is evident, highlighting the propensity to be in the condition of a self-employed - entrepreneurship or worker on own account, in relation to being employee. It can be stated that the destination of emigration affects labor income in the labor market, evidencing that the returnees of the United States have an average income higher than the other returnees of Portugal and Italy. In addition, to participate in a religious institution and the time of residence in the state of Minas Gerais showed strong explanatory power in the employability aspect, allowing us to argue about the importance of interactions and strengthening of social ties for productive reintegration. The reports show several difficulties faced in the process of readjustment and employability at the origin, loss of sociocultural references and decline in the quality of economic life. Despite pointing to the difficulties, the interviewees report satisfaction of being back homeland and emphasize the importance of social ties, reaffirming that it was essential the support of family and friends for the readjustment and insertion in the job market.

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / Brain drain has been labelled as one of the greatest development challenges facing African countries as it challenges capacity building, retention of skilled workers and sustained growth. Over the past two decades, a large number of Zimbabwean academics have left the country in search of economic opportunity and further academic training. This out-movement of academics has been exacerbated by political crisis and economic crisis in the country over the same period. Although some studies have sought to explain the causes, consequences and recommended policy responses to this human capital flight, they have not been able to critically assess, from the perspective of the emigrated academics, the conditions that would make them repatriate, their willingness to return to their home country and contribute to training, research and development; or their disposition towards engaging with Zimbabwean universities.

No description available.

This study explores the role of Sinjar Mountain in the return migration decisions of internally displaced Êzîdîs, who sought refuge in Iraq's camps after a devastating massacre in August 2014. Employing a semiotic approach, data was gathered via semi-structured interviews with NGO representatives and the analysis of visual videos. The findings reveal profound symbolic meanings associated with the mountain and their diverse interpretations within the Êzîdî community. Despite the mountain's ordinary physical appearance, this research reveals its deeper significance and explores the concept of topophilia or the love of a specific place, in the context of return migration. The pivotal role of the sacred Sinjar Mountain in motivating Êzîdîs to return to their homeland is demonstrated. Contributing new insights to the field, this work enhances our understanding of the complex relationship between symbolic landscapes and the decisions made by displaced populations.

No description available.

Det konfliktdrabbade Turkiet är hemlandet för denna studies fyra respondenter. Syftet var att undersöka dessa internationella studentmigranters syn och uppfattning angående tre teman; migration, återvändande och våld, vilket gjordes med den instabila politiska situationen i landet i åtanke. Analysen gjordes genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av det producerade materialet där materialet klassificerades i koder och underkoder, för att kunna jämföra respondenternas uppfattningar utifrån den teoretiska grunden.Studien genererade en mängd resultat från vilka slutsatser kunde dras. Begreppet migration kopplades ihop med flyktingar, vilket visade på en vilja att hellre definiera sig som cirkulär migrant då detta innebär fler och bättre möjligheter i mottagarlandet, samt efter avklarade studier. Att hellre identifiera sig som en världsmedborgare än att tillhöra den nationella identiteten visades av flertalet vara viktigt. Begrepp som brain drain, brain circulation och push-pullfaktorer togs upp för att förstå processen från ett statligt perspektiv.Då våld diskuterades nämndes främst det direkta våldet, men alla respondenterna reflekterade över både strukturella och kulturella våldshandlingar så som diskriminering på olika grunder. / The conflict-threatened Turkey is the home country for this study's four respondents. The purpose was to investigate the views of international student migrants on three themes; migration, return migration and violence, which was decided upon and discussed with the unstable political situation in the country in mind. The analysis was done by a qualitative content analysis of the produced material, where the material was classified into codes and sub-codes, in order to be able to compare the respondents' perceptions based on the theoretical framework. The study generated several results from which conclusions could be drawn. The concept of migration was coupled with refugees, which indicated a willingness to better define themselves as circular migrants, as this means more and better opportunities in the recipient country, as well as after completed studies.Preferably identifying themselves as a world citizens rather than belonging to a national identity was shown by most of them. Concepts such as brain drain, brain circulation and push-pull factors were raised to understand the process from a state perspective.When violence was discussed, the direct violence was mainly mentioned, but all respondents reflected on both structural and cultural acts of violence such as discrimination on different grounds

Chinese medical research professionals utilize their intellectual cultural capital and flexible citizenship for their lives in two localities: the western suburban metropolitan Philadelphia area and Shanghai, China. In addition, this dissertation discusses modern Chinese culture through Chinese returnees' eyes in Shanghai. This research will discuss migration of skilled intellectuals under globalization and the change in these Chinese professionals' transnational identities in different localities. Moreover, this research presents the impact brought by neoliberal ideology in the United States and by policies of privatization in modern Chinese society to these transnational professionals as part of the global process of migrating professionals. This research contains two parts. The first part of this research will study Chinese medical research professionals' lives in the western suburban metropolitan Philadelphia area--the Philadelphia Mainline, West Chester, and Exton. The second part of my research studies these Chinese medical research professionals' return experience when they relocate back to Shanghai, China. Most of these Chinese professionals who I studied came to the US from China (the People's Republic of China), Hong Kong, and Taiwan (the Republic of China) for their graduate degrees. After graduation in the 1980s and 1990s, they stayed for work in pharmaceutical companies in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. Despite having US citizenship or permanent residency, these Chinese professionals never identify themselves as "Americans". Their lives in the historically European-American cultural dominant western Philadelphia suburbs are challenged socially and culturally when they try to carry out their "American dream". Not being able to engage in activities in American society and often feeling disempowered, these Chinese professionals maintain their social connections with their "hometowns" in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan in many cultural ways. At the same time, these Chinese medical professionals are involved in cultural activities such as Saturday Chinese Schools and Chinese Christian churches. Saturday Chinese Schools and Chinese Churches provide pivotal social network milieu for these Chinese professionals to construct their safety network in living in the western suburban Philadelphia area. Unlike Chinese immigrants in California and New York City where the Chinese population is huge, these Chinese professionals do not distinguish themselves by their countries of origin since they all consider themselves as a pan-Chinese minority in this Philadelphia metropolitan area. They do, however, distinguish themselves from Chinese immigrants in Philadelphia's Chinatown owing to social and economic differences, though a shared sentiment of pan-ethnicity emerges when they experience racial discrimination. These Chinese professionals conceive of neoliberal ideology as a natural fact of life in the US which they appreciate. They consider the social milieu of China as making it harsher for them to be prosperous than in the US since they do not need to have existing guanxi networks based on their families and friends in the US context. Intergenerationally, these Chinese professionals try to pass down their cultural heritage by ensuring that their children are educated, formally and informally, in Chinese language and culture. Their children--the second generation Chinese immigrants--identify themselves mostly as Chinese Americans with an imagined identity that connects them with their parents' respective homelands. Gender plays a vital role for these second generation Chinese immigrants with respect to the issue of becoming well-adjusted in attending to American high schools. Girls are more accepted by non-Asian peers than boys. Most of these second-generation Chinese boys tend to socialize only with Asian boys, and are very protective about themselves with respect to other groups in high schools. The second part of my research discusses these Chinese medical research professionals' return experience to China, particularly to the fast-paced, rapidly developing context of Shanghai. Starting from the year 2007, the economic recession has gradually been taking over the United States. At the same time, the booming Chinese market and economy are becoming the new focus of American companies. American pharmaceutical companies in the Philadelphia area recognize that these Chinese medical research professionals' transnational background enables them to broaden the company's economic development in China; therefore, they repatriate some Chinese medical professionals to China at management levels. Simultaneously, other Chinese professionals are returning to China to start their own small businesses because they were laid off in the United States. Having come to the US to pursue their American dreams, the unexpected return challenges Chinese professionals in every aspect of life. First, the process of relocation of the whole family can take years and lead to separation of the family. The separation leads to a shift in gender roles. Usually the mother takes charge of the whole family while the father moves to China for work. Some families are broken because some family members opt to stay in the US, which leads to adoption of children, love affairs, and divorces. China has developed dramatically economically and culturally since these Chinese professionals left in the 1990's; therefore, these Chinese professionals, who become returnees after returning to China, realize that they have difficulties adjusting themselves to life in Shanghai. Feeling like outsiders again, they have developed strategies to counter these difficulties. First of all, these Chinese returnees find that their identities as Chinese are strongly challenged since they are recognized as Americans by local Chinese. They realize that they have been Americanized in their social behavior, and they have had to force themselves to adapt to contemporary modern Chinese culture--which is heavily influenced by capitalism and neoliberalism after the PRC market reforms. Realizing that guanxi relationships are the main element in social networking in Chinese society, these Chinese returnees have to learn to adjust themselves to guanxi politics and engage themselves in Chinese style networking. Trying to avoid local people's secretive attitudes, these Chinese returnees tend to be friends only with people of similar background. Having social status and economic privileges in Shanghai, most Chinese returnees are able to maintain their own personal spaces and privacy by avoiding public spaces and public transportation. Most Chinese returnees are aware of the embedded social control by Chinese government in every corner in the city, and see the freedom they have in China as limited mostly to economic aspects. Some devout Christian Chinese returnees are always prepared to be deported by Chinese government since they insist on holding their non-legally authorized gatherings for fellowship and worship in private properties. These Chinese returnees' children are surprised to find that China is extremely different from what they have imagined after their move to Shanghai. They identify themselves as Americans and refuse to learn Chinese language and culture in order to distinguish themselves from local people. While people in Shanghai enjoy their imagined participation of globalization by consuming the Shanghai EXPO, these Chinese returnees keep themselves updated with US news and media through satellite television in order to retain a broad view of the world. These Chinese medical research professionals' lives in the Philadelphia metropolitan area and in Shanghai are examples of the migration and return migration of skilled professionals under the force of neoliberal ideologies and globalization. Their living experiences in China highlight changes in their ideas about national identity as Chinese transnationals in the context of modern Chinese society, which is highly influenced by state controlled capitalism and Chinese nationalism promoted through mass media and propaganda. This research will contribute to the lack of literature about Chinese professional immigrants to the East Coast of the United States, and their return migration to China. / Anthropology

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-113). / iii, 113 leaves, bound 29 cm

Magistriniame darbe, naudojant teisės aktų, dokumentų, parengtų programų ir priemonių, statistinių duomenų bei mokslinės literatūros analizės metodą, analizuojamas Lietuvos Respublikos grįžtamosios migracijos politikos formavimas ir įgyvendinimas. Naudojant pusiau struktūruotą interviu, pristatomas valstybės institucijų darbuotojų (interviu atliktas su 8 specialistais) požiūris į teikiamų paslaugų administravimą ir įgyvendinimą. Darbo tikslas yra ištirti grįžtantiems migrantas teikiamų paslaugų ir programų administravimo sistemos ypatumus Lietuvos Respublikoje. Darbe tiriama 2010 – 2014 m. laikotarpio Lietuvos Respublikos grįžtamosios migracijos politika bei ją administruojančių Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybės, tiesiogiai vyriausybei pavaldžių institucijų veikla bei darbuotojų požiūris į vykdomas programas. Darbe iškelti tokie uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti Lietuvoje esamą grįžtamosios migracijos situaciją. 2. Atsižvelgiant į Naujosios viešosios vadybos elementus decentralizavimą ir dalyvavimą, aptarti visuomenės įsitraukimo lygį į grįžtamosios migracijos politikos formavimą. 3. Išanalizuoti pagrindines valstybės valdymo institucijas, administruojančias Lietuvos Respublikos grįžtamosios migracijos politiką. 4. Išanalizuoti Lietuvos institucijų parengtas programas, skirtas grįžtamajai migracijai skatinti. 5. Ištirti, kaip vertina Lietuvos Respublikos valstybinių institucijų darbuotojai grįžtamosios migracijos vykdomas programas. Pirmajame skyriuje pristatoma darbe naudojama... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The purpose of this paper is to explore the administration system of returning migrant’s services and programs in the Republic of Lithuania. The examination of the law, documents, prepared programs and strategies, statistics and scholar literature was used as a method for further analysis. The presentation provides a broad overview of return migration policy in Lithuania of 2010 – 2014 period, priorities of government and the attitude of government institutions staff towards return migration programs. In order to present the aims and opinions of the particular officers about the relevant problems, related to the formation and the implementation of the return migration policy, half-structured interviews were used (8 interview were taken). The paper has these following tasks: 1. Analyze current situation of return migration in Lithuania. 2. In view of the New Public Management elements of decentralization and participation, to discuss public involvement into return migration policy. 3. To analyze the main public government institutions working with return migrants in Lithuania. 4. To analyze the main Lithuanian programs that encourage return migration. 5. To investigate government institution attitude to the return migrations programs. The work consists of three main sectors. The first section presents the work using the New Public Management paradigm and its assumptions of return migration policy. The second section describes the concept of return migration, motives and types... [to full text]