[pt] O agronegócio possui grande importância para a economia brasileira, representando uma parcela significativa do PIB e das exportações totais do país. Assim como em outros processos produtivos inseridos em ambiente de incerteza, a atividade agropecuária necessita de instrumentos que minimizem o risco, principalmente, o risco de preço e auxiliem no processo de tomada de decisão dos agentes participantes do agronegócio. Neste contexto, os mercados futuros constituem-se como alternativas financeiras no gerenciamento de riscos através das operações de hedge. Porém, a eficiência destas operações depende da aplicação de metodologias adequadas que conduzam ao conhecimento mais preciso sobre os preços futuros. Deste modo, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é avaliar a aplicação dos modelos de difusão de saltos, tão bem sucedidos para a estrutura a termo da taxa de juros, para o caso de commodities; focando na realização de previsões. A análise empírica será realizada a partir da série histórica de preços da commodity agrícola café arábica negociada na BM&F. A metodologia empregada é fundamentada no artigo de Sanjiv Das (1998). Nesta tese será estimada uma classe de modelos estocásticos descritos pela literatura, tais como o processo de reversão à média, o movimento geométrico browniano, bem como suas variantes com jumps. Efeitos ARCH e GARCH também serão considerados na modelagem. O processo de estimação será desenvolvido tanto por métodos tradicionais quanto por Algoritmos Genéticos. Diante do problema exposto e da escassez de estudos modernos direcionados a abordagem das commodities agrícolas no país, o tema proposto justifica- se como motivação para pesquisa científica e tecnológica. / [en] The agribusiness has great importance for the Brazilian economy, representing a significative share of GDP and total exports of the country. Like other production processes inserted in an environment of uncertainty, the agricultural activity needs instruments that minimize the risk, especially, the risk of price and assist in decision-making process of agents participating in agribusiness. In this context, the future markets constitute themselves as financial alternatives in risk management through the hedge operations. However, the efficiency of these operations depends on the application of appropriate methodologies that lead to more precise knowledge about future prices. Thus, the main objective of this work is to evaluate the application of jumps diffusion models, so successful for the structure of interest rate, in the case of commodities; focusing on the achievement of forecast. The empirical analysis will be carried out from the historical range of arabic coffee agricultural commodity´s prices traded on BM&F. The methodology used is based on the paper from Sanjiv Das (1998). In this thesis it will be estimated a class of stochastic models described in the literature, such as the mean-reversion process, the geometric Brownian motion and its variants with jumps. ARCH and GARCH effects will also be considered in the modeling. The process of estimation will be developed by traditional methods as well as by Genetic Algorithms. Facing the problem and the shortage of modern studies directed to the approach of the agricultural commodities in the country, the topic proposed is a motivation for scientific and technological research.

Orientador: Rafael Henrique Nóbrega / Resumo: A decisão se a gônada indiferenciada irá se desenvolver em um testículo ou um ovário é uma etapa crítica na diferenciação sexual dos vertebrados. Este processo consiste em uma complexa cascata gênica que culmina na diferenciação das células somáticas presente na gônada indiferenciada. Neste sentido, o hormônio anti-Mülleriano é um importante efetor nesta decisão. Estudos com o peixe medaka mutante hotei, no qual o receptor do Amh tipo 2 (amhrII) é mutado, mostram elevado índice gonadossomático, e reversão sexual de macho para fêmea. Com base nestas informações, acredita-se que o Amh possa regular o número de células germinativas e diretamente ou indiretamente este fato pode influenciar na decisão da gônada bipotencial em se tornar um testículo ou ovário. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi de se avaliar a sinalização do Amh durante a diferenciação sexual no medaka. Para tanto, estudos de perda de função gênica foram empregados, no qual o gene amh foi deletado através do sistema CRISPR/Cas9. Também foi avaliada a expressão dos genes que atuam na janela de diferenciação sexual por RT-qPCR. Inicialmente, identificamos dois tipos de mutação nos animais heterozigotos (amh (-/+) da F1. A mutação mais interessante foi a deleção de 759 pares de base entre os exons 6 e 7 que compreende parte dos domínios Amh_N e TGF-β. Na geração F2, os mutantes homozigotos amh (-/-) machos XY apresentaram 100% de reversão sexual para fêmeas fenotípicas. Além disso os animais amh (-/-) ap... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The decision whether the undifferentiated gonad will develop in a testicle or an ovary is a critical step in the sexual differentiation of vertebrates. This process consists of a complex genetic cascade that culminates in the differentiation of the somatic cells present in the undifferentiated gonad. In this context, the anti-Müllerian hormone is an important effector in this decision. Studies with the medaka hotei fish, in which the Amh type 2 receptor (amhrII) is mutated, show high gonadosomatic index, and sexual reversion from male to female. Based on this information, it is postulated that the Amh regulates the number of germ cells, and directly or indirectly this fact may influence the decision of the bipotential gonad to become a testicle or ovary. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the signaling of Amh during sexual differentiation in medaka. For that, studies of loss of gene function were employed, in which the amh gene was deleted through the CRISPR / Cas9 system. We also evaluated the expression of genes that act in the window of sexual differentiation by RT-qPCR. We initially identified two types of mutation in F1 heterozygous (amh -/+) animals. The most interesting mutation was the deletion of 759 base pairs between exons 6 and 7 which comprises part of the Amh_N and TGF-β domains. In the F2 generation, the homozygous amh (-/-) mutants XY males presented 100% of sexual reversion. In addition, the amh (-/-) animals presented gonadal hyper... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-04-24T12:46:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ValeriaMoreiraNevesdosSantosDissertacao2018.pdf: 2110436 bytes, checksum: fefdec9a162a44b90b7f84047260a1ca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-04-24T12:47:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ValeriaMoreiraNevesdosSantosDissertacao2018.pdf: 2110436 bytes, checksum: fefdec9a162a44b90b7f84047260a1ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T12:47:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ValeriaMoreiraNevesdosSantosDissertacao2018.pdf: 2110436 bytes, checksum: fefdec9a162a44b90b7f84047260a1ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-09 / The figure of retirement granted in 1821, by Dom Pedro de Alc??ntara, now regulated by the Federal Constitution, has, over time, undergone several transformations, including incorporating compulsory and invalidity. However, it was only in 1990, after the publication of Law number 8.112, that the Retirement Reversal Institute has become a possibility within the legal system governing the federal public service. Public interest in the theme of "aging" is justified by the increase in the number of years lived by individuals in general, without disregarding the fact that the "retirement" status represents a considerable part of the life cycle of the elderly. This has awakened society to look at the factors that can contribute to improving the quality of life at this stage. Many theoretical models have attempted to explain the psychological, physical, and social experiences related to retirement. The "adjustment" to retirement is a process that encompasses physical, cognitive, motivational, emotional, financial and social resources. It is exactly in this process of "adjustment" that this study seeks to understand the significance of what socially represents the institute of the reversion of retirement in the context of the federal public service of the Executive Power, through the social representations of the retirement of these civil servants. Thus, demand also involves the investigation of the perceptive aspects of aging linked to the act of reversing retirement. The idea is based on the construction of a narrative in the context of a semi-structured interview with elderly men and women, aged between 55 and 75 years, who requested a reversal of retirement between 2014 and 2016 in the Governing Bodies of the Federal Executive Branch, located in the Federal District / DF. It is important to note that there is no interest in reversion data referring to the year 2017 due to the fact that the National Congress is already contemplating a Pension Reform, which in a way, reduces the interest for possible reversals, and may mask the research result. This study will focus on the perspective of approach to subjective points of view, with method of data collection focused on structured interviews and as a method of interpretation, procedures of semantic categorization, contemplating the "theme" as the unit of registration or significance in the analysis of content, as proposed by Bardin (2008). The results, systematized in themes, show that the reversal of retirement was not socially indifferent and that its motivation was not essentially motivated by the financial question. The reversion associated with the world of work as habitus and social identity has positive meanings for people such as having contacts, getting out of inactivity, having social utility, valuing oneself, leaving idleness, being productive, financially improving, living, being happy. The repercussions ratified the need to think about projects or actions in the transition to retirement. The study also revealed that this theme in the social representation of the centrality of work as identity, as habitus, as a link, as a financial condition, as utility and productivity shows its complexity and the relation between the common sense imaginary and the practice of this group. / A figura da aposentadoria conferida em 1821, por Dom Pedro de Alc??ntara, hoje regulamentada pela Constitui????o Federal, passou, ao longo do tempo, por v??rias transforma????es, incorporando, inclusive, o car??ter compuls??rio e de invalidez. Contudo, foi somente em 1990, com a publica????o da Lei n. 8.112, de acordo com a Constitui????o de 1988, que o instituto da revers??o da aposentadoria tornou-se uma possibilidade dentro do ordenamento jur??dico que rege o servi??o p??blico federal. O interesse da sociedade para o tema ???envelhecimento??? ?? justificado pelo aumento do n??mero de anos vividos pelos indiv??duos em geral, sem desconsiderar o fato da figura da ???aposentadoria??? representar uma parte consider??vel do ciclo de vida do idoso. Isso desperta a sociedade para atentar aos fatores que podem contribuir para melhorar a qualidade de vida nesta fase. Muitos modelos te??ricos tem tentado explicar as experi??ncias psicol??gicas, f??sicas e sociais relacionadas ?? aposentadoria. O ???ajuste??? ?? aposentadoria ?? um processo que engloba recursos f??sicos, cognitivos, motivacionais, emocionais, financeiros e sociais. ?? exatamente nesse processo de ???ajuste??? que este estudo busca compreender a significa????o do que socialmente representa o instituto da revers??o da aposentadoria no contexto do servi??o p??blico federal do Poder Executivo. Deste modo, a demanda tamb??m envolve a investiga????o dos aspectos perceptivos do envelhecimento ligados ao ato dessa revers??o. A ideia baseia-se em torno da constru????o de uma narrativa no contexto de entrevista estruturada com idosos dos sexos masculino e feminino, com idade entre 55 a 75 anos, que tenham revertido a aposentadoria entre os anos de 2014 a 2016 nos ??rg??os do Poder Executivo Federal, localizados no Distrito Federal/DF. Importante ressaltar que n??o h?? interesse em dados dessa natureza referente ao ano de 2017 pelo fato de j?? estar cogitando no Congresso Nacional uma Reforma da Previd??ncia, o que de certa forma, recua o interesse por poss??veis revers??es, podendo mascarar o resultado da pesquisa. Esse estudo se concentrar?? na perspectiva da abordagem aos pontos de vista subjetivos, com m??todo de coleta de dados focados nas entrevistas estruturadas e como m??todo de interpreta????o, os procedimentos de categoriza????o sem??ntico, contemplando o ???tema??? como a unidade de registro ou de significa????o na an??lise de conte??do, conforme proposto por Bardin (2008). Os resultados, sistematizados em temas, mostram que o fen??meno da revers??o da aposentadoria n??o ?? socialmente indiferente e que a sua motiva????o n??o foi essencialmente motivada pela quest??o financeira. A revers??o associada ao mundo do trabalho como habitus e identidade social, tem significados positivos para as pessoas como ter contatos, sair da inatividade, ter utilidade social, valoriza????o de si, deixar a ociosidade, ser produtivo, melhorar financeiramente, viver, ser feliz. As repercuss??es ratificaram a necessidade de se pensar em projetos ou a????es na transi????o para a aposentadoria. A ancoragem desse tema na representa????o social da centralidade do trabalho como identidade, como habitus, como v??nculo, como condi????o financeira, como utilidade e produtividade mostra sua complexidade e a rela????o entre o imagin??rio do senso comum e a pr??tica desse grupo.

La surexpression de protéines d’efflux, et tout particulièrement la P-glycoprotéine, est impliquée dans la multidrug résistance. Dans cette thèse, nous démontrons que le vandetanib, inhibiteur de tyrosine kinase, est à la fois substrat et inhibiteur de la P-glycoprotéine et qu’il est capable de réverser in vitro la résistance à la doxorubicine liée à la surexpression de la P-glycoprotéine.Nous nous sommes également intéressés à l’étude du passage transplacentaire du vandetanib et nous montrons que ce médicament traverse la barrière placentaire. / Overexpression of ABC transporters, especially P-glycoprotein, is involved in multidrug resistance. In this study, we demonstrate that vandetanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is both substrate and inhibitor of P-glycoprotein and is able to reverse in vitro resistance to doxorubicin, linked to overexpression of P-glycoprotein.We also studied the placental transfer of vandetanib and we show that this drug crosses the placenta.

La thématique du laboratoire de l’équipe d’Adam Telerman porte sur la réversion tumorale, un processus rare au cours duquel les cellules cancéreuses perdent leur phénotype malin, et deviennent des cellules dites révertantes. Plusieurs protéines clefs impliquées dans cette transformation ont été mises en évidence, dont TCTP (Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein). La protéine TCTP est également impliquée dans la régulation de l’apoptose en interagissant et en renforçant l’activité anti-apoptotique de Mcl-1 et de Bcl-xl, deux protéines appartenant à la famille des Bcl-2. Ce projet s’attache à comprendre en termes moléculaires le mode d’action de TCTP au cours de l’apoptose. / Adam Telerman’s team research focuses on tumor reversion, a rare process in which cancer cells lose their malignant phenotype, and therefore become revertant. Many key proteins were showed to be involved in this transformation, including TCTP (translationally Controlled Tumor Protein). TCTP protein is also involved in apoptosis regulation by interacting and strengthening the anti-apoptotic activity of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xl, two proteins from Bcl-2 family.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cesar Rocha Lima.pdf: 3852220 bytes, checksum: e51e97e8b8d6c9cf9eaecc8819d39019 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-16 / The phenomenon of brazilian reversion to Islam has disquieted scientists of religion, sociologists and anthropologists. The search for a religion that causes disruptions with the ethnicity and the majority religiosity of Brazil, brings with it a strangeness caused by the principles of Christianity to Islam. This survey listed the main symbolic deconstructions and reconstructions of the Christian reverted to Islam. For this, it poured a sample group reversed of the Pari s mosque - SP, which was studied to a quantitative and qualitative research. The objective of this research consisted in seeking measure, in the reversed s imaginary, in moments "before" and "after" the reversal, the displacements of symbolic goods of Christianity and Islam. The results were contemplated in eight distinct categories: exclusion, reframing, replacement, incorporation and symbolic belongings (cultural capital). From these results, using theoretical tools created, the symbolic belongings were divided in two categories: muslims and arabs, in order to discuss the impasse between the terms: (un)arabization and islamization. Finally, it was concluded that, in the process of reversion to Islam in Sunni communities, there is an opening for the incorporation of elements from Brazilian culture and great difficulty to break with the Arab elements. / O fenômeno da reversão de brasileiros ao Islã tem inquietado cientistas da religião, sociólogos e antropólogos. A busca de uma religião que causa rupturas com a etnicidade e religiosidade majoritária do Brasil, traz em si, um estranhamento pela mudança dos princípios do cristianismo para o islamismo. Esta pesquisa elencou as principais desconstruções e reconstruções simbólicas do cristão revertido ao Islã. Para tanto ela serviu-se da amostra de um grupo de revertidos da Mesquita do Pari SP, onde foi aplicada a pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa. O objetivo da pesquisa constituiu-se em procurar mensurar, no imaginário do revertido, nos momentos antes e depois da reversão, o deslocamentos dos bens simbólicos do cristianismo e Islã. Os resultados foram contemplados em oito categorias distintas: a exclusão, ressignificação, incorporação e substituição de bem simbólico (capital cultural). A partir destes resultados, através de instrumental teórico criado, procurou-se dividir os bens simbólicos em duas categorias: islâmicos e árabes, a fim de se discutir o impasse entre os termos: (des)arabização e islamização. Por fim, concluiu-se que, no processo de reversão ao Islã nas comunidades sunitas, há uma abertura para a incorporação de elementos da cultura brasileira e grande dificuldade com a ruptura com os elementos árabes.

Novos tratamentos térmicos e a otimização dos processos de conformação têm contribuído para o desenvolvimento de microestruturas multifásicas com excelente combinação de ductilidade e resistência mecânica. Parte dessa melhoria depende da presença de austenita retida, de sua estabilidade e fração volumétrica. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar a evolução da microestrutura e comportamento das propriedades mecânicas do aço dual phase classe 600 (DP 600), após tratamentos térmicos intercríticos de têmpera e partição (Q&P) e reversão da martensita, assim como tratamentos termomecânicos de simulação física da estampagem a quente (HS), variando a deformação em 10% (HS 10) e 30% (HS 30), e combinando estampagem a quente com subsequente tratamento de têmpera e partição (HSQ&P). Duas condições microestruturais de partida diferentes foram utilizadas nos tratamentos térmicos. Para os tratamentos térmicos e termomecânicos Q&P, HS e HSQ&P a microestrutura de partida foi a bifásica (ferrita e martensita). Já para o tratamento térmico de reversão a microestrutura de partida foi modificada para martensítica. Os tratamentos puramente térmicos foram realizados no dilatômetro Bähr do Laboratório de Transformações de Fase (LTF); entretanto, os tratamentos termomecânicos foram feitos no simulador termomecânico Gleeble®, acoplado à linha de difração de raios X (XTMS) do Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia (LNNano). A análise microestrutural foi feita com suporte de microscopia ótica (MO) e eletrônica de varredura (MEV-FEG), EBSD, e difração de raios X in situ e convencional. Avaliaram-se as propriedades mecânicas por ensaio de tração em corpos de prova sub-size e endentação instrumentada. As amostras Q&P, HS e HSQ&P foram submetidas a ensaios exploratórios de resistência ao trincamento por hidrogênio (HIC) segundo a norma NACE TM0284. Adicionalmente, foi feita a medição de hidrogênio ancorado na microestrutura estudada, após tratamentos, utilizando a técnica de dessorção térmica disponível no LNNano. A avaliação das mudanças microestruturais e de propriedades mecânicas após tratamentos térmicos foram discutidas separadamente para cada microestrutura de partida. Os resultados dos processos Q&P, HS e HSQ&P no aço, mostraram que a evolução da microestrutura levou a formação de uma microestrutura mais complexa do que a microestrutura ferrítico-martensítica simples do material como recebido. A complexa microestrutura é dada pela formação de ferrita epitaxial durante a etapa de tratamento intercrítico, ferrita induzida por deformação (DIFT) na etapa de deformação em alta temperatura e bainita na etapa de partição. Essa mistura microestrutural levou a variações na relação das frações volumétricas de ferrita e martensita em relação às frações iniciais do aço, assim como na presença de austenita retida e sua estabilidade. Com base nos resultados é possível afirmar que o processo Q&P produz um aumento nas propriedades mecânicas do material. Por outro lado, após o ensaio de HIC todas as amostras apresentaram susceptibilidade ao trincamento; contudo, a severidade do dano foi maior nas amostras deformadas HS 30. Os ensaios preliminares de dessorção mostraram maior aprisionamento de hidrogênio em armadilhas reversíveis nas amostras HSQ&P e irreversíveis na amostra HS 30. Na segunda parte, os resultados do tratamento de reversão sugerem que, em geral, a microestrutura do aço processado compreende uma morfologia em ripas de ferrita intercrítica, martensita e filmes de austenita retida. A maior temperatura de reversão intercrítica resultou em menor fração de ferrita intercrítica. Por outro lado, a temperatura intercrítica de reversão influenciou significativamente a estabilidade da austenita retida. Uma alta fração de austenita retida foi obtida a uma temperatura ligeiramente acima da temperatura Ac1. Um segundo ciclo de reversão promoveu a difusão de C e Mn para a austenita revertida tornando-a mais estável a temperatura ambiente. / Novel Heat Treatments and the optimization of the forming processes have contributed to the development of multiphase microstructures with attractive combinations of ductility and mechanical resistance. This improvement partially depends on the presence, stability and volume fraction of retained austenite. The objective of this work is to characterize the evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of a class 600 dual phase steel (DP 600), as a function of the thermal and thermomechanical history. Two initial microstructures were used in this study. A ferritic-martensitic microstructure was used as the starting condition for inter-critical heat treatments followed by quenching and partitioning (Q&P) and for the thermomechanical simulations of the hot stamping (HS) process. The latter applying deformations of 10% (HS 10) and 30% (HS 30) combining hot stamping with subsequent quenching and partition (HSQ&P). The thermal cycles were performed in a Bähr dilatometer at the Laboratory of Phase Transformations (LTF), then duplicated using a Gleeble® thermomechanical simulator, coupled to the X-ray Scattering and Thermo-mechanical Simulation beamline (XTMS) at the Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano). The microstructural analysis was performed using optical microscopy (MO) and scanning electron (SEM-FEG), Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), and in situ and conventional X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile testing on sub-size specimens and by instrumented macro-nano indentation tests. The evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties for each starting microstructure was discussed separately. The Q&P, HS and HSQ&P samples were submitted to exploratory tests of resistance to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) according to NACE TM0284. Additionally, hydrogen measurements were performed for the microstructures obtained after Q&P and HDQ&P using the thermal desorption technique at LNNano. After Q&P, HS and HSQ&P, the resultant microstructure was more complex than the as-received ferritic-martensitic condition. Such complexity comes from the formation of epitaxial ferrite from the former ferritic phase during the intercritical treatment step, the deformation induced ferrite (DIFT) and the bainite formation during the partitioning step. This led to variations in the volumetric fraction of ferrite and martensite in relation to the initial fractions of the as-received condition, as well as the presence of retained austenite and its stability upon cooling. The Q&P process increased the mechanical properties of the material. On the other hand, all microstructures showed susceptibility to hydrogen cracking after 72 hours of H2S exposure tests. However, the damage was more severe for the HS samples with 30% of deformation. The preliminary desorption tests showed greater hydrogen trapping in reversible traps after HSQ&P and in irreversible traps for the HS with 30% deformation. A second set of experiments was conducted for a different microstructure consisting of a fully martensitic matrix as the initial condition. After intercritical reversion, the resultant microstructure comprised intercritical lath-like ferrite, martensite laths and retained austenite films. The higher the intercritical reversion temperature, the smaller the fraction of intercritical ferrite. On the other hand, the transformation temperature significantly influenced the stability of the retained austenite. The highest fraction of retained austenite was obtained when the transformation occurred slightly above the Ac1 temperature. A double intercritical reversion cycle promoted the diffusion of C and Mn to the reversed austenite making it more stable upon cooling to room temperature, leading to a better combination of strength and ductility.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo explorar o instituto da reversão de bens no direito administrativo, realizando pesquisa teórica e legislativa para comparar o uso do instituto e pensar em suas possibilidades em outras áreas do direito administrativo. Para tanto serão adotados métodos de pesquisa qualitativa, dialética e crítica, de modo a obter uma reflexão sobre os usos e interpretações do instituto pelos mais diversos atores, assim como analisar a possibilidade ou impossibilidade de aplicação em outras áreas do direito administrativo. É necessário verificar se o conceito da reversão de bens está atualizado conforme a complexidade das relações jurídicas aplicáveis aos bens públicos e privados no Direito Administrativo na atualidade, pois assim será possível averiguar se o instituto atende aos princípios dessa área do direito, o que possibilitaria também o abarcamento de outras relações entre o setor público e o privado, especialmente aqueles identificados no \"Domínio Público Impróprio\" e se possível, pensar em uma teoria geral da reversão no direito administrativo. / The present work aims to explore the institute of reversal of assets in administrative law, carrying out theoretical and legislative research to compare the use of the institute and think about its possibilities in other areas of administrative law. For that, methods of qualitative, dialectical and critical research will be adopted, in order to obtain a reflection on the uses and interpretations of the institute by the most diverse actors, as well as to analyze the possibility or impossibility of application in other areas of administrative law. It is necessary to check whether the concept of reversal of assets is updated according to the complexity of the legal relations applicable to public and private assets in Administrative Law at the present time, since this will be possible to verify if the institute complies with the principles of this area of law, the coverage of other relations between the public and the private sector, especially those identified in the \"Inappropriate Public Domain\" and if possible, think of a general theory of reversion in administrative law.

The purposes of this study were (a) to examine two groups of healthy older Dutch English bilingual migrants in a New Zealand setting to investigate whether they were showing signs of L2 attrition with accompanying L1 reversion post-retirement, and (b) to identify possible factors which might play a role in the incidence of any L2 attrition and concomitant L1 reversion. Previous research has focused on similar groups of migrants in the Australian context, while New Zealand based research has focused on language shift and maintenance amongst three generations of migrants. The research design involved an analysis of sociolinguistic life, using questionnaires. These included self-assessments of L1 and L2 proficiency at three key times: on arrival in New Zealand, at time of ultimate attainment and post-retirement. Further, an analysis of assessments of respondents’ L1 and L2 proficiency pre-and post-retirement completed by interviewees’ adult children moderated respondents’ self-reports. The findings revealed a considerable overlap between participants’ self-reports and assessments by their adult children. The study also revealed a relationship between participants’ level of prior education and their ultimate attainment in the L2, with those who had come to New Zealand having learned English at Secondary School English very likely to have achieved a “good” or “very good” level of L2 proficiency. Conversely, those who had not learned the L2 at secondary school prior to arriving in New Zealand, were less likely to have achieved a “very good” level of ultimate attainment as evident both from self-reports and assessments by adult children. The design also included a linguistic analysis of elicited free speech. Data focused on key indicators of age, gender, social class, prior education, occupation and predominant linguistic environment pre- and post-retirement. Free speech was examined for code-switching, response latency and L1 structure in respondents’ spoken L2. Results indicated that a majority of respondents showed minimal if any signs of L2 attrition with concomitant L1 reversion, both as evidenced by their spoken L2 and as indicated by self-reports and assessments by adult children. Any signs of L2 attrition which were found appeared linked to respondents’ level of prior education and L2 proficiency on arrival in New Zealand. Being exposed to a predominantly L1 social environment post-retirement also appeared to result in a lifting of the threshold for L2 lexical items, resulting in a slightly increased response latency in the spoken L2. Three participants said they experienced some problems expressing their healthcare needs to medical professionals, to the extent that they were searching for words. All stated they “got there in the end” but needed more time to paraphrase their health needs. Two subjects avoided the use of the L2 during the interview, even when prompted in English. Three respondents engaged in significant codeswitching from L2 to L1 and vice versa, with two engaging in what Muysken (2000) terms “congruent lexicalisation”. Adult childrens’ reports indicated that the respondents in question had always spoken in this manner, but to a greater extent now, post-retirement. Overall, a number of the healthy older subjects interviewed for the study were showing some signs of increased response latency and lexical retrieval problems when expressing themselves in the L2, but none to the degree that they were no longer able to communicate in that language.

<p>In this paper we study the pecking order and tradeoff theories of capital structure on a sample of 121 Swedish, non-financial, listed firms over the period between 2000 - 2009. We find that the Swedish firms’ financing behavior appears to have features consistent with the predictions of both theories. The evidence shows a preference for a financing behavior consistent with the tradeoff theory for the whole sample and for a sample of small firms, whereas large firms appear to follow a pecking order on their financing decisions. We show that under sufficient conditions both theories might be seen as “reconciled” and not mutually exclusive, and we find evidence for the large firms of our sample consistent with this notion.</p>