Diploma thesis is focused on the design of prestressed concrete membrane from the lightweight concrete. The concrete membrane is in the interaction with the bearing steel structure, which one is supported. I did only one variant of the solution, which was optimized. The goal of the design was determined the initial state of a membrane and ensure to in the end of design working life was the membrane in the compression state and the cracks couldn’t appear. The structure is modelled in the main (longitudinal) direction as a spatial frame in program ANSYS 17.2. This tool enables to perform analysis of the construction stages. The rheology is calculated manually and supplied to the model as relative strain. The whole structure is checked for ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state according to valid Eurocodes. Transverse direction is modelled by shell elements in program RFEM 5.12. Construction stages and global behaviour of the structure were analysed. The checks have been calculated manually and control in program IDEA StatiCa. The attachments of the thesis are drawings, visualisation and schemes of construction stages.

Denna uppsats består av en flerfallstudie som tagits fram i ändamålet att utreda möjliga positiva och negativa konsekvenser i och med etablering av de nya förbifarterna i Söderköping och Bergkvara i Torsås kommun. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att utreda huruvida förändrade rörelsemönster kan påverka planeringsförutsättningarna för svenska små och mellanstora tätorter. Det som har legat i fokus är centrum- och sällanköpshandeln, näringsliv, bostadsutveckling samt verksamhet- och industrietablering i städerna men främst vid förbifarterna. Det visade sig att kommunerna identifierat liknande konsekvenser men att Söderköping hade djupare analyser om den framtida planeringen. Bergkvara har därför större odds för att påverkas av negativa effekter, framför allt på den nuvarande handeln vid utvecklingen av nytt handelsområde som planeras ske mellan Torsås tätort och Bergkvara tätort. I kommunerna finns en önskan om att möjliggöra för bättre förutsättningar för kollektivtrafik och expressbussar vilket kan öka den regionala pendlingen. Däremot saknas information i form av enkäter eller intervjuer med boende eller verksamma i tätorterna för att ta reda på om det kommer leda till en ökning av människor som åker kollektivt. Vad som märkts utifrån tidigare forskning är att det i stället kan få motsatt effekt, att det sker en ökning i antalet biltrafikanter och att en minskad efterfrågan för kollektiv pendling sker.

L’utilisation d’oligomères d’α-amino-γ-lactame (Agl-αAA) comme vecteurs de pénétration intracellulaire est décrite dans ce manuscrit. Nous avons montré que ces oligomères structurés en ruban sont capables de traverser la membrane plasmique pour atteindre le cytosol et y délivrer un cargo biologiquement actif. A la différence des séquences peptidiques, ces oligomères ont une très bonne résistance enzymatique. Une nouvelle famille de foldamères d’α-amino-γ-lactame (Agl-βAA) obtenus à partir de séquences /β peptidiques est également décrite. La structure secondaire de ces composés a été étudiée par RMN, IR-TF, CD et DRX. Nous avons montré que ces oligomères sont capables d’adopter une structure stable en hélice 12. De façon remarquable, ces oligomères sont solubles en milieux aqueux malgré une absence totale de chaînes latérales hydrophiles. / The use of α-amino-γ-lactam oligomers (Agl-αAA) as cell penetrating vectors are described in this work. These ribbon structured oligomers are able to cross the cell membrane to reach the cytosol and deliver a biologically active cargo. Unlike peptide sequences, these oligomers display a strong enzymatic resistance. A new family of α-amino-γ-lactam oligomers (Agl-βAA) obtained from conversion of /β peptide sequences are also described. Secondary structure of these molecules have been studied by NMR, FTIR, CD and XRD. These oligomers are able to adopt a stable 12-helix structure. Unexpectedly, these oligomers are soluble in aqueous mediums without any hydrophilic side chains

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La synthèse d'une nouvelle famille d'oligomères de motifs contraints de dipeptides est décrite dans ce manuscrit. Les monomères utilisés sont des motifs 3(S)-amino-5-carbonylméthyl-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazépine-4(5H)-one (DBT), acide 2-aminométhyl-phényl-acétique (AMPA) et α-amino γ-lactames. La structure secondaire de ces édifices a été étudiée par spectroscopies RMN, IR, CD et RX. Nous avons montré tout d'abord que les oligomères de DBT sont capables d'adopter des structures stables et définies en ruban. En se basant sur ces structures, nous avons conçu de nouveaux systèmes beaucoup plus versatiles qui permettent de répartir diverses fonctions (basiques, acides, aromatiques) de part et d'autre de l'axe du ruban. Une stratégie de synthèse originale a été développée à cet effet. Elle consiste en la conversion directe de séquences peptidiques, incorporant des méthionines, en oligomères d'α-amino γ-lactames. Ils sont capables, au même titre que ceux de DBT, d'adopter des structures en ruban et de pénétrer dans les cellules. Enfin une étude in vivo chez la souris a montré le fort potentiel anti-tumoral d'un bioconjugué associant des oligomères d'AMPA à un inhibiteur de la Cathepsine D, enzyme lysosomale surexprimée et sécrétée par de nombreuses tumeurs solides. / The synthesis of a new type of constrained dipeptide motif oligomers is described. Monomers used are the (3S)-amino-5-(carboxylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one (DBT), the 2-aminomethyl-phenyl-acetic acid (AMPA) and α-amino γ-lactams. The secondary structure of those architectures has been studied by NMR, IR, CD and X-ray spectroscopies. Firstly, we demonstrated that DBT oligomers are able to adopt stable and well defined ribbon like structures. Based on these structures, we designed new systems, far more versatile which are able to distribute various functions (basic, acidic, aromatic) on each side of the ribbon axis. An original strategy has been developed for this purpose. It consists in the direct conversion of peptidic sequences, incorporating methionine, in α-amino γ-lactams oligomers. They are able, as the DBT, to adopt ribbon like structures and to be internalized into cells. Finally, an in vivo study in mice showed the high anti-tumoral potency of a bioconjugate linking AMPA oligomers to an inhibitor of the cathepsin D, a lysosomal enzyme overexpressed and secreted by numerous solid tumors.

No description available.

This work studies the influence of field effect on large area 2 dimensional ribbons of fluids. A fluid of choice is confined in the channel of a metal-insulator-channel-insulator-metal architecture and is subjected to constant (d.c) or alternating (a.c) fields (de-pending on the application) along with a pressure drive flow. A general fluid would be composed of molecules having certain polarizability and be a dispersion of non-ionic and ionic particulates. The field effect response under pressure driven flow for this fluid would result in electrophoresis, electro osmosis, dielectrophoresis, dipole-dipole interaction and inverse electro osmosis phenomena. Using some of these phenomena we study applications related to desalination and energy harvesting with saline water as the ex-ample fluid for the former case, and solution processed poly vinyldene fluoride (PVDF) for the latter case. The geometrical features of \large area" and the \ribbon shape" can be taken advantage of to influence the design and performance for both applications. With regards to desalination, it is shown via experiments and theoretical models that the presence of alternating electric fields aid in ion separation along the flow when the saline water is subjected to laminar flow. Moreover, the power consumption is low due to the presence of the insulator. An average of 30% ion removal efficiency and 15% throughput is observed in the systems fabricated. Both performance parameters are discussion can be improved upon with larger channel lengths. The \2-D ribbon" and alternating field effect aid in achieving this by patterning the randomly distributed ions in the bulk into a smooth sheet charge and then repelling this sheet charge back into the bulk. The electric field exhibited by this sheet charge helps trap more ion sheets near the interface, thereby converting a surface ion trapping phenomena (when d.c is used) to a bulk phenomena and thereby improving efficiency. With regards to energy harvesting, a solution of PVDF in methyl ethyl ketone and 1-methyl-2-pyrollidone is confined to the \2-D ribbon" geometry and subject to high d.c fields. This aids in combining the fabrication, patterning and poling process for PVDF into one setup. Since the shape of the ribbon is defined by the shape of the channel, the ribbons (straight or serrated) can be used to sense forces of various magnitudes. More importantly experiments and theoretical models are studied for energy harvesting. Since the ribbon geometry defines the resonant frequency, large PVDF ribbon can be used to harvest energy from low frequency vibrations. Experiments show that up to 60 microwatt power can be harvested at 200 Hz and is sufficient to supplement the power for ICs.

The topic of this thesis is a design of stress ribbon bridge across the deep valley. The construction of the footbridge contains stress ribbon bridge with external cables and final prestressing tendons. The bridge deck is in a parabolic arc and the suspension cables are in two bend down parabolic arcs. The construction is reproduced for evaluation of longitudinal direction in the Ansys 14.0 programme and for transversal direction in the Scia Engineer 15.1 programme. The model was solved in several phases, nonlinerally. The pier was reproduced in the Scia Engineer 15.1 programme for local effect of action. The construction was evaluated for dynamic action. The construction is assessed according to the actual EN standards.

Three-dimensional (3D) profiled woven fabrics with varying cross-sections along the component parts are needed in a number of industrial applications. One of the main advantages of the ribbon loom weaving technique is the ability to produce highly diverse structures with open or closed edges. The realization of 3D profiled woven fabrics that satisfy the requirements is directly connected to the ability to process high-performance fibers in the weft direction. The processing of high-performance yarns in the weft direction with low fiber damage will open new application areas for shuttle weaving machines. By employing modified mechanical loom elements, the variety of producible structures can be increased significantly.