Cette recherche cherche à identifier les conditions organisationnelles contribuant à la création et au développent d’un collectif apprenant dans un centre de coordination et contrôle des feux de forêt au Chili. L'objectif poursuit est de rendre opérationnel un équipe temporaire visant à gérer des situations dynamiques, complexes et potentiellement risquées. Dans ce contexte, la formation rapide des novices et la mise à jour des savoirs et des savoir-faire des opérateurs expérimentés constitue un enjeu important pour le développement des compétences et pour devenir un collectif opérationnel. À travers d’un approche ethnométhodologie et en utilisant les théories d'action située, de la cognition distribuée et de la cognition sociale distribuée nous avons analysé le processus d'apprentissage formel au début de la saison ainsi que les stratégies d'apprentissage informelle développés cours de la saison afin d'opérationnaliser une équipe hétérogène. Nous avons également analysé le rôle de chaque membre de l'équipe et l’assistance mutuelle fournie visant à apprendre entre eux et pour devenir un collectif efficace.Plusieurs stratégies sont mobilisées pendant les deux périodes identifiés. Il est constaté une participation active des membres de l'équipe, l'auto-organisation et l’assistance mutuelle, non seulement avec un but de performance, mais aussi en vue d'exploiter les possibilités d'apprentissage par l'expérience. Ce comportement était encouragé par les personnes en charge du processus de formation. Au cours de la période de travail, nous avons trouvé sept différents types de comportement et d'interaction verbale visant à apprendre en situation de travail. Certaines stratégies ont été plus utilisées dans les périodes calmes de la journée de travail, tandis que d'autres étaient plus utilisées pendant la gestion des feux de forêt. À la fin de la saison, toutes les stratégies ont tendance à être moins fréquentes.Il est possible d'identifier une stratégie organisationnelle visant à la création d'environnements favorables à l’apprentissage informelle à travers la collaboration en ce qui concerne la proposition d’idées, de support mutuelle, des initiatives d’auto-apprentissage, d'interaction et d’analyse réflexif en partageant les expériences de travail. Ces conditions permettent la création d’une communauté de pratique dans l’action, participent à la construction d’un collectif et au développement d’une compétence collective, l’épistèmo-vigilance orienté à exploiter à la fois la dimension constructive et productive de l’activité. Cette communauté renforce l’autonomie du collectif à travers la production continue des nouvelles modalités d’apprentissage et par la remise en cause de leurs pratiques. L'analyse réflexive qui domine les stratégies mises en place lors des moments calmes de la journée et pendant la gestion des incendies de forêt sont partie de l’apprentissage constructif mené par l’encadrement, où l'apprentissage est essentiel pour atteindre les performances attendues comme une équipe. Ces conditions sont considérées comme des accélérateurs organisationnels de la formation, de l’apprentissage et de la reprise des savoirs qui contribuent au pouvoir d’agir du collectif. Ces accélérateurs permettent de faire face des environnements dynamiques à risque, participent à la création des collectifs de travail et à l’existence d’un environnement capacitant. Ces pratiques d’ergonomie constructive atténuée les contraintes et les risques du personnel non-permanent ayant compté sur chaque année, lorsque la saison des incendies de forêt se produit..Mots clés: apprentissage informel, analyse réflexive des pratiques, apprentissage en situation de travail, collectifs, pouvoir d’agir, environnement dynamiques à risque, feux de forêt, accélérateurs, épistèmo-vigilance. / The present research is developed to identify the organizational conditions that create and develop teamwork oriented to learn at the national Forest Fire Control and Coordination Centre in Chile. The aim is to set up the operational configuration of a temporary team in order to give its members the knowledge to manage and deal with dynamic, complex and potentially risky situations. In this context, the quick training of novices and the updating of knowledge and know-how of experienced workers is an important issue for both developing operator skills and operationalizing the collective. Using an ethnomethodology approach based on the theories of situated action and distributed social cognition we have analyzed the formal learning process at the beginning of the forest fire season and the informal learning strategies developed during the season in order to operationalize an heterogeneous team. We also have analyzed the role of each team member and the assistance provided by each in order to help others learn and become a high performance team member.Several strategies are employed during the two periods of the season. We observed an active participation of members of the team, self-organization, and mutual support not only in order to fulfill the task, but also in order to exploit opportunities for learning from experience. We also have found seven different kinds of behaviour and verbal interaction aimed at learning while on the job, identified as accelerator of training, learning and knowledge recovery. Some of them proved to be most used in calm periods of the work day, while others were used during the management of forest fires. By the end of the season, all strategies tended to be less frequent.It is possible to identify an organizational strategy aimed at creating environments that allow a community of practice in action to be created, that contribute to the construction of a collective and to the development of a collective competence, the “épistèmo-vigilance” that exploits both the constructive and productive dimension of the activity. All of those strategies allow them to deal with risky dynamic work environments, to establish a high-performance team and to set an enabling work environment.

The diploma thesis deals with concrete ethical aspects, which a social worker can encounter when working in a low-threshold facility for children and youth. The following basic objectives are defined in this thesis: To find out what ethical issues are encountered in dealing with risky youth. To find out how to deal with these problematic phenomena in practice. The thesis is divided into 4 chapters and each chapter is divided into several subchapters. The first chapter deals with social work with risky youth. The second chapter deals with the ethical aspects of social work from a general point of view. In the third chapter, respondents' testimonies are used to identify more specific ethical aspects of their practice. In the last chapter, individual ethical aspects are subjected to the view of ethical theories.

Objetivo: A principal finalidade desse estudo foi verificar a diferença entre dois grupos de motoristas – aqueles que apresentaram alcoolemia positiva medida através de etilômetro e/ou uso prévio de outras SPAs, averiguado através de exame de saliva, e aqueles que não apresentaram – em relação a comportamentos de risco, transtorno depressivo maior, mania e hipomania, TEPT, e TPAS, assim como abuso ou dependência de SPAs. Método: Em um estudo transversal, 1.134 motoristas que dirigiam em rodovias federais brasileiras foram avaliados através de etilômetro para verificar alcoolemia e teste de saliva para verificar a presença de drogas. Posteriormente, por meio de entrevistas telefônicas, foram avaliados em relação a transtornos psiquiátricos e comportamentos de risco. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos (motoristas com resultados positivos para uso de substâncias (n=82) e motoristas com resultados negativos (n=1052)). Os resultados foram comparados com o teste qui-quadrado e com análise de regressão logística. Em relação aos comportamentos de risco, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos de motoristas. Resultados: Motoristas que apresentaram uso de SPAs apresentaram maior prevalência de diagnósticos psiquiátricos como depressão (21,8%), mania/hipomania (20,8%), TEPT (10,7%), TPAS (9,0%), abuso de substâncias (24,5%) quando comparados com outros motoristas (5,8%, 7,1%, 0,4%, 1,2% e 2,8%, respectivamente). Participantes com algum diagnóstico psiquiátrico tinham 4,47 mais chance de apresentar o desfecho. Aqueles com dependência/abuso de alguma SPA tinham 5,47 mais chance de dirigir sob influência de álcool ou drogas. Conclusões: Indivíduos que dirigem sob influência de álcool e/ou outras drogas podem precisar de avaliações e intervenções destinadas para transtornos psiquiátricos específicos. Esses resultados poderão servir como base ao desenvolvimento e implementação de políticas públicas no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Transtornos psiquiátricos, comportamentos de risco, álcool, substâncias psicoativas, dirigir sob influência de substâncias. / Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the difference between two groups of drivers – drivers who, on recruitment of the sample, showed blood alcohol content recorded by breathalyzer and previous use of other psychoactive substances examined through saliva test and those who didn’t drive under the influence – regarding risky behaviors, major depression disorder, mania and hypomania, PTSD and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), as well as substances abuse or dependence. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 1,134 individuals driving on federal highways in Brazilian cities took alcohol breathalyzer tests and drug saliva tests and were evaluated, thru telephonic interview, regarding psychiatric disorders and risky behaviors. Participants were divided into two groups (drivers who tested positive for substances (n=82) and those who did not (n=1052)). Data were compared by the Chisquare test and with a logistic regression model. Results: Substance positive drivers reported a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses like depression (21.8%), mania/hypomania (20.8%), post traumatic stress disorder (10.7%), antisocial personality (9.0%), substance use (24.5%) when compared to other drivers (5.8%, 7.1%, 0.4%, 1.2% and 2.8%, respectively). Participants with a psychiatric symptom were 4.47 times more likely to test positive for substance use. Similarly, participants with a substance use disorder were 5.47 times more likely to test positive for substance use. There were no significant differences between the groups of drivers, related to risky behaviors. Conclusion: Individuals who drive under the influence of drugs and alcohol may need assessments and interventions targeted to specific psychiatric disorders. These results will inform the development of public policies in Brazil.

TITLE: Risk behaviors of adolescents in the areas of reproductive health AUTHOR: Bc. Anna Fendrichová DEPARTMENT: Department of pedagogy SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Jiří Kučírek PhD. ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with risk behaviour, with a special focus on reproductive health in late adolescence. The theoretical part first approaches risky behaviour in general and next it targets on reproductive health in adolescence, on its possible risks and consequences. The conclusion of the theoretical part is dedicated to the prevention of risky reproductive behaviour with emphasis on primary prevention. The research part of the thesis presents a quantitative research survey by means of a questionnaire. The analysis of the survey data provides information on adolescents' knowledge of reproductive health and their behaviour in this area. Further, it reveals whether there are differences in knowledge and behaviour among students who have a subject focused on health education and those who do not. The results of the survey showed that knowledge among the questioned adolescents is not at such a level as expected. Neither the differences in awareness and behaviour of adolescent students in particular branches are not as significant as one would expect. KEY WORDS: adolescence, risk behaviour, reproductive health, pregnancy, abortion...

Magister Public Health - MPH / A cross- sectional descriptive study using a self-administered close-ended questionnaire was conducted with pupils in standards four to seven (aged 10 - 17 years) in ten government primary schools in Meru District. The sample of 400 school pupils was obtained by a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS (version 15) computer software and the results were presented in frequencies using simple percentages, tables and graphs. The Chi-square test was used to assess the significance where a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. In conclusion, Primary school pupils in Meru district engage in several risky sexual behaviors including substance use, sexual coercion, early sexual debut and engaging in various sexual practices. This calls for a more comprehensive approach in the fight against HIV among primary school children in Tanzania, which could include life skill training at an early age, behaviour change communication interventions, advocacy activities to influence policy formulation, condom promotion and incorporating key stakeholders in the rollout of school based HIV programmes such as parents, community leaders and faith-based organizations leaders. / South Africa

Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / Drug abuse as well as risky sexual behaviours has been identified, globally as well as in South Africa, as social problems with dire consequences. Research suggests that crystal methamphetamine use leads to risky sexual behaviours such having unprotected sex, which can lead to unplanned pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections (STI's) including HIV infection. Adolescents as well as females have been identified as risk populations for both sexual risk behaviours and drug abuse. Furthermore, the Western Cape showed high rates of crystal methamphetamine addiction, especially in the under 20 age category, and the highest increase in the incidence of HIV infections in South Africa. This may be indicative of the magnitude of the problem of risky sexual behaviours in the context of crystal methamphetamine use in the Western Cape. / South Africa

Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / The aim of the study was to explore the socio-cultural influences in decision making involving sexual behaviour among adolescents in Khayelitsha, Cape Town. Cultural beliefs associated with adolescents' decision to become sexually active were explored, as well as the social norms influences involved in adolescents' sexual behaviour. The theoretical framework used for the study was Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory of development. The results indicated that adolescent pregnancy was perceived as unacceptable behaviour although found widespread in communities. Social influences such as peer influence, low socioeconomic status, alcohol use and lack of parental supervision were found to play a role in adolescents' risky sexual behaviour. Cultural beliefs, cultural myths and social norms were identified as socio-cultural influences that endorsed issues such as gender disparities, which made adolescent mothers vulnerable. Findings from this study suggest that female adolescents are faced with sexual behaviour complexities. / South Africa

College students and emerging adults have been found to be at risk for smoking cigarettes, drinking to excess, using illicit drugs, driving dangerously, and engaging in risky sexual and delinquent behaviour. Psychosocial correlates (Sensation Seeking, peer behaviour, parent behaviour, and peer and parent anti-substance use messages) from three domains of influence (personality, parent, and peer) were examined together to provide a greater context for the occurrence of such health-risk behaviours. The strongest predictor(s) of each behaviour were identified to better inform intervention practices. Three groups were compared— 1) those who never tried substances, 2) those who tried substances in the past, and 3) those who continue to use substances at present, in a population of emerging adults. Self-report data was gathered from 203 Collèges d'Enseignement Général Et Professionnel (CEGEP) students in the Montreal region. Measures included: Reckless Behaviour Questionnaire, Reckless Driving Measure, Health Behaviour Survey, Sensation Seeking Scale—Form V, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Results revealed that peer behaviour was the most significant predictor of substance use in emerging adults, whereas parent behaviour was only a significant predictor of reckless driving. Sensation Seeking, specifically Disinhibition, was found to predict more global reckless behaviours, including illegal activities, such as stealing or using marijuana (p < .01). Neither peer nor parent anti-substance messages were significantly related to any of the health-risk behaviours measured in this study. It would appear that health-risk behaviours tend to be related to the same underlying factors but to varying degrees. Intervention implications are discussed.

While the uptake of cultural safety initiatives is increasing in professional environments, literature on cultural safety lacks reference to the lived experiences and demands of facilitating Indigenous cultural safety training. Using a qualitative and Indigenous approach, this study examined the various challenges and successes involved in facilitating Indigenous cultural safety and anti-racism training from the perspective of facilitators. The diverse sample comprised of 11 facilitators and included those who identified as Indigenous, non-Indigenous or mixed; those who identified as male or female; and those who have worked in post-secondary, healthcare and/or private sector environments. Findings indicate that facilitators, typically highly skilled and perceptive individuals grounded in their identity and critical race analyses, used affect and affective activities that challenge participants to interrogate the ways that power and privilege influence their everyday interpersonal and professional relationships. Affect theory describes the ways in which our bodies have the potential to be creative and respond in new ways; affect and affective activities in Indigenous cultural safety training increased the likelihood of a bodily emergence among participants, which is a necessary and critical turning point to create new relationships to land, others and self. Furthermore, the findings suggest that cultural safety training represents potentially risky spaces, as facilitators must constantly assess and manage the risks of harm, emotional distress and/or taxation for participants and themselves. Finally, the findings reveal possible supports necessary for facilitators to continue this important work. Overall, the findings demonstrate how affect and emergence is foundational to decolonialization and sustainable social change. / Graduate / 2021-04-22

This diploma thesis focuses on the constructive normative reproductive age. This topic is analyzed by semi structured quantitative interviews. These interviews were carried out by 6 women who became pregnant in the age of 35 and older which is considered to be a turning point in defining whether the pregnancy is risky or not. Purpose of this research is to understand how women view and deal with risky pregnancy and also how much that can be influenced by society. The analytical part of the thesis is focused on searching answers for these questions. The first part consists of the theoretical terms related to this topic i.e. concept of stratify reproduction, the risk in terms of reproduction as well as medicalization of pregnancy and the relationship to social age category. Keywords: pregnancy, age, risk, responsibility, risky pregnancy, medicalization, normative age, woman