A presente tese objetiva trazer subsídios para a discussão em torno de uma realidade recente no Brasil, qual seja, a crescente utilização de instrumentos financeiros pelas companhias abertas vis a vis seu objeto social, o que exige a proteção de seus investidores e credores. É tratada a tutela do objeto social na legislação societária para as companhias abertas, tipo específico de sociedade escolhido pela gama de interesses que a cercam e pela importância no atual estágio de desenvolvimento do mercado de capitais. Para tanto, será demonstrada a utilidade da cláusula do objeto social na realidade das companhias abertas segundo um ponto de vista tríplice, (i) a disciplina do contrato, (ii) a capacidade de agir da sociedade e (iii) os atos ultra vires praticados pelos administradores, abordando o princípio da boa-fé, teoria da aparência, abuso de poder, em suas modalidades de excesso de poder e desvio de poder, à luz de uma nova realidade descortinada pela crise global de 2008, pela evolução tecnológica e disseminada utilização de complexos instrumentos financeiros. Verificando-se a utilização de instrumentos derivativos complexos e de derivativos de câmbio pelas companhias abertas em operações realizadas no mercado de balcão, de forma pouco transparente e sem controle adequado do risco, que acarretaram substanciais prejuízos em detrimento de todos os acionistas, apresenta-se como indagação se tais operações financeiras especulativas extrapolaram o conteúdo do objeto social e se poderiam, ou não, ter sido contratadas. / This thesis purports to provide arguments in connection with a current reality in Brazil, consisting of the increasing use of financial instruments by publicly-held companies vis a vis their corporate purpose, what requires the protection of investors and creditors. This thesis addresses the rules related to the corporate purpose that are provided for in the corporation law, and that are applicable to publicly-held companies, a corporate type which is elected by various interests surrounding it and by the importance in the current development of the capital market. In this respect, the utility of the corporate object clause in the activity of publicly-held companies will be demonstrated through a triple point of view: (i) the rules related to the corporate by laws; (ii) the companys capacity to act; and (iii) the ultra vires acts performed by the managers of the company, in view of the good-faith principle, disregard institute, abuse of rights, in its modalities of exciding rights and deviation of rights, in the context of the 2008 global crisis, the technological progress, as well as the wide use of complex financial instruments. In view of the use of both sophisticated derivative instruments and foreign exchange derivatives by publicly-held companies in transactions carried out on the over-the-counter market, in a non-transparent manner and without appropriate risk-control, which resulted in substantial losses to all shareholders, it lights up the discussion whether such speculative financial transactions exceeded the limit of the relevant corporate object, and whether they could, or could not, be agreed upon.

This thesis focuses on the development of a distributed mobile robot localization and communication system for special interventions like those carried out by fire-fighters in fire ground search and rescue. The use case scenario is related to the one described for the GUARDIANS EU project, where a swarm formation of mobile robots accompany a fire fighter during a rescue intervention in a warehouse. In this line, localizing the robots and the fire fighter during an indoor intervention with the presence of smoke is one of the more interesting challenges in this scenario. Several localization techniques have been developed using ultrasonic sensors, radio frequency signals and visual information. It has also been studied several communication protocols that can help to improve the efficiency of the system in such scenario and a proposal for designing a cross-layer communication platform that improves the connectivity of the mobile nodes during an intervention and reduces the number of lost data packets.

Current literature lacks longitudinal understandings of the association between childhood sexual/physical violence, alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and indiscriminant sexual behaviors among young women, as well as the racial/ethnic differences in these associations. Therefore, using the 1994-2008 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examined a) heterogeneous growth trajectories of problem alcohol use during the transition from adolescents to young adulthood and the impact of childhood sexual/physical violence on drinking trajectories, b) the long-term impact of childhood sexual/physical violence on alcohol use and depressive symptoms, and c) the structural associations between childhood sexual/physical violence and indiscriminant sexual behaviors by examining alcohol use and depressive symptoms as mediators between White and African-American women. First, with 1,702 women, LCGM was used to identify trajectories of problem alcohol use using the first three waves. Four trajectories of problem alcohol use emerged: stable abstainers; decliners (moderate-low); incliners (low-moderate); and rapid incliners (low-high). From the bivariate level analyses, in reference to stable abstainers, White women who experienced childhood sexual/physical violence were more likely to be rapid incliners (low-high). Second, with 1,756 women, autoregressive cross-lagged path models were performed to test longitudinal associations between childhood sexual/physical violence, problem alcohol use, and depressive symptoms of White and African-American women. Both groups demonstrated significant association between childhood sexual/physical violence and subsequent development of depressive symptoms, while only White women demonstrated significant association with subsequent problem alcohol use. Third, with 1,388 women, SEM and multigroup SEM were used to test pathways between childhood sexual/physical violence and indiscriminant sexual behaviors for White and African-American women. SEM indicates that problem alcohol use and depressive symptoms mediated the proposed relationship. Multigroup SEM indicates that, for White women, both problem alcohol use and depressive symptoms mediated the association between childhood sexual/physical violence and indiscriminant sexual behaviors, while only depressive symptoms mediated the proposed association for African-American women. These findings highlight the importance of designing and providing effective prevention and treatment programs for women who experienced childhood sexual/physical violence to interrupt subsequent problem alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and indiscriminant sexual behaviors. / text

Tyrimo tikslas buvo nustatyti jaunų vairuotojų alkoholio vartojimo, patiriamos įtampos, pablogėjusios nuotaikos ir polinkio rizikingai vairuoti sąsajas. Tyrime dalyvavo 202 Lietuvoje gyvenantys jauni vairuotojai nuo 18 iki 29 metų amžiaus (82 vyrai ir 120 moterų). Tiriamieji pildė vairuotojų elgesio klausimyną (DBQ) polinkiui į rizikingą vairavimą nustatyti, pablogėjusi nuotaika buvo matuojama Zungo depresijos skale (SDS), o patiriama įtampa - subjektyviai suvokto streso skale (PSS), taip pat pateikti socialiniai - demografiniai klausimai. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad polinkis rizikingai vairuoti siejamas su jaunų vairuotojų lyties skirtumais. Vyrai atlieka daugiau tyčinių vairavimo pažeidimų nei moterys, o moterys atlieka daugiau klaidų vairuodamos, tačiau lyties skirtumai nedaro įtakos patekimų į autoavarijas dažnumui. Kuo dažniau jauni vairuotojai vartoja alkoholį, tuo daugiau jie atlieka tyčinių vairavimo pažeidimų ir tuo dažniau patenka į autoavarijas, tačiau jie nedaro daugiau klaidų vairuodami. Jauni vairuotojai, kurie pasižymi didesne pablogėjusia nuotaika, daro daugiau klaidų vairuodami. Tuo tarpu jauni vairuotojai, pasižymintis pablogėjusia nuotaika, atlieka panašų kiekį tyčinių vairavimo pažeidimų bei autoavarijų kaip ir tie, kurių nuotaika yra geresnė. Taip pat nustatyta, kad kuo didesnė jaunų vairuotojų patiriama įtampa, tuo jie daro daugiau klaidų vairuodami. Tuo tarpu didesnė patiriama įtampa nepaveikia jaunų vairuotojų atlikti daugiau tyčinių vairavimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The research has been targeted to define the correlations between young drivers alcohol use, bad mood, sustained tension and risky driving. The research involved 202 young Lithuanian drivers from 18 till 29 years (82 men, 120 women). Participants had to fill in a questionnaire made up of Drivers Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) to evaluate risky driving, Zung Self-rating depression scale (SDS) to evaluate bad mood, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to evaluate sustained tension and social-demographics questions. The research results showed existing association between risky driving and gender. Men more often than women make driving violations purposely. Driving mistakes are more common for women than for men. Crash involvement has not been associated with gender. The increase of young drivers alcohol use also increases the results of driving violations and involvement in crashes. However, increased alcohol use is not associated with bigger amount of driving mistakes. The greater degree of young drivers bad mood result, more driving mistakes are made. Whereas, greater degree of bad mood does not affect higher scores in driving violations and crash involvement. The greater degree of young drivers sustained tension result, more driving mistakes are made. Whereas, greater degree of sustained tension does not affect higher scores in driving violations and crash involvement. And finally, alcohol use and sustained tension have significant influence on young drivers risky driving, whereas... [to full text]

Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti seksualinio elgesio motyvų svarbą studentų rizikingo seksualinio elgesio ir asmenybės bruožų sąsajai. Tyrime dalyvavo 319 Klaipėdos universiteto studentų, iš jų seksualinę patirtį turėjo 241 studentai (75,5 proc.). Tyrime buvo naudojami seksualinio elgesio motyvų, saugaus seksualinio elgesio motyvacijos, seksualinio elgesio klausimai, Didžiojo penketo asmenybės klausimynas ir polinkio rizikuoti klausimynas. Išanalizavus rezultatus nustatyta, jog vyrų seksualinis elgesys rizikingesnis nei moterų. Seksualinę patirtį prognozuoja vyresnis amžius, labiau išreikštas polinkis rizikuoti, labiau išreikšti malonumo motyvai. Taip pat nustatyta, jog didėjant studentų ekstraversijai, mažėjant sutariamumui bei didėjant polinkiui rizikuoti, didėja rizikingas seksualinis elgesys. Sąžiningumas, neurotiškumas, atvirumas patirčiai, impulsyvumas nėra susiję su rizikingu seksualiniu elgesiu. Didėjant studentų malonumo, įveikos, savęs pastiprinimo ir partnerio palankumo motyvams bei mažėjant studentų vidinei motyvacijai, rizikingas seksualinis elgesys didėja. Intymumo ir bendraamžių palankumo motyvai nėra susiję su rizikingu seksualiniu elgesiu. Sutariamumo ir rizikingo seksualinio elgesio ryšį prognozuoja didesni intymumo motyvai ir mažesnė vidinė saugaus seksualinio elgesio motyvacija. Sąžiningumo ryšį su rizikingu seksualiniu elgesiu prognozuoja mažesni įveikos/ savęs pastiprinimo motyvai. Polinkio rizikuoti ryšį su rizikingu seksualiniu elgesiu prognozuoja didesni... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to assess the importance of Sexual Behavior Motives in prediction of between Student‘s Risky Sexual Behavior and Personality Traits. The subjects of the study were 319 student of Klaipeda university. 241 (75,5 percent) of them had sexual experience. In this research motives for sex questionnaire, motivation of safer sexual behavior questionnaire, sexual behavior questions, Big Five Personality questionnaire and Risk Taking Propensity questionnaire were used. The statistic analysis showed that men sexual behavior is riskier than women. Sexual experience predicted elder age, increase risk taking propensity and increase enhancement motives. Statistic analysis also showed that student’s increased risky sexual behavior is related to increase of extraversion and risk taking propensity and decrease of agreeableness. Student’s personality traits: conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience are not related to risky sexual behavior. Student risky sexual behavior increase when student’s enhancement, coping, affirmation, partner approval motives increase and student’s intrinsic motivation decrease. Intimacy and peer approval motives are not related to risky sexual behavior. Correlation of agreeableness and risky sexual behavior is predicted by increase intimacy motives and decrease intrinsic motivation. Correlation of conscientiousness and risky sexual behavior is predicted by decrease coping/ affirmation motives. Correlation of risk taking... [to full text]

Disertacijos tyrimo objektas yra juridinių asmenų valdymo organų narių civilinės atsakomybės teisinis reguliavimas bei praktinis taikymas ir aiškinimas. Kadangi Lietuvos teisinei sistemai būdinga juridinių asmenų rūšių įvairovė, darbo apimtis nulėmė poreikį atsiriboti nuo skirtingoms juridinių asmenų rūšims būdingų specifinių valdymo organų narių teisinio statuso bei civilinės atsakomybės problemos aspektų ir koncentruotis tik į bendriausius jų bruožus. Tyrimo tikslai sąlygojo, kad didesnis dėmesys skiriamas juridiniams asmenims, užsiimantiems ūkine-komercine veikla, kadangi būtent šie teisės subjektai dažniausiai susiduria su juridinio asmens valdymo organų narių civilinės atsakomybės problema. Visgi šiame darbe aptariami atsakomybės principai mutatis mutandis turėtų būti taikomi ir kita veikla užsiimančių juridinių asmenų valdymo organų nariams. Šiame darbe sistemiškai ir išsamiai išanalizuota juridinio asmens valdymo organų narių civilinės atsakomybės prigimtis, šios atsakomybės kilimo bei įgyvendinimo ypatumai, atskleistos aktualiausios šio instituto aiškinimo bei taikymo problemos ir, remiantis užsienio šalių patirtimi bei naujausiomis pasaulinėmis tendencijomis, pateikti teisiškai pagrįsti pasiūlymai ir rekomendacijos šioms problemoms efektyviai spręsti bei esamam teisiniam reguliavimui tobulinti. / The object of the dissertation is the legal regulation, practical application and interpretation of the civil liability of the members of management bodies of the legal entities. Whereas Lithuanian legal system is characterised by the variety of types of legal persons, the scope of the research determined the necessity to disassociate from the specific aspects of the problems of legal status and civil liability of the members of management bodies in respect of different types of legal persons and to concentrate only on common characteristics. The aims of the research determined that greater attention is paid to the legal entities engaged in economic-commercial activities, because they mostly face with the problems of civil liability of the members of management bodies. However, the principles discussed in this research should apply mutatis mutandis to the members of the management bodies of legal persons engaged in other activities. The thesis systematically and comprehensively analyses the nature of civil liability of the legal entity’s management body members, features of rise and realization of this liability, as well as reveals the most relevant interpretation and application problems of this legal institute and, on the basis of foreign experience and the latest global trends, provides legally-based suggestions and recommendations to effectively solve these problems and improve existing legal regulations.

Tyrimo tikslas: nustatyti lietuvių, airių ir Airijoje gyvenančių lietuvių sveikatą žalojančio elgesio ypatumus. Tyrime dalyvavo 422 (237 moterys ir 185 vyrai) 18- 65 metų tiriamieji: iš jų 147 lietuviai, 133 airiai ir 142 Airijoje gyvenantys lietuviai. Siekiant nustatyti rūkymo vartojimo intensyvumą, naudota dalis klausimų iš A.Goštauto (1999) mokymo medžiagos sveikatos psichologijos kursui; alkoholio vartojimui tirti paimta PSO Alkoholio vartojimo sutrikimų nustatymo testas (AUDIT); narkotinių medžiagų vartojimui tirti paimta PSO alkoholio, rūkymo ir kitų narkotinių medžiagų vartojimo nustatymo testas (ASSIST V3); nepakankamam fiziniam aktyvumui tirti naudota Tarptautinio fizinio aktyvumo klausimyno trumpoji, lietuviška versija, paimta iš oficialaus International Physical Activity Questionnaire; nesveikos mitybos įpročiams įvertinti paimtas G. Turconi, M. Celsa (2003) mitybos klausimynas (A Dietary Questionnaire on food habits, eating behaviour and nutritional knowledge); rizikingam varavimui įvertinti naudotas J. Reason ir D. Parker (1990) Vairuotojų elgesio klausimynas (Drive Behavior Questionaire). Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad Airijoje ir Lietuvoje gyvenantys lietuviai rūko daugiau nei airiai; Airijoje ir Lietuvoje gyvenantys lietuviai bei airiai vartoja alkoholį vienodai vyrų grupėje, Airijoje gyvenančios lietuvės vartoja daugiau alkoholio nei Lietuvoje gyvenančios lietuvės bet mažiau nei airės; Airijoje bei Lietuvoje gyvenantys lietuviai ir airiai pagal narkotinių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Aim of the Survey: determine specific features of health destructive behaviour of Lithuanians, Irish and Lithuanians living in Ireland. 422 subjects (237 females and 185 males), aged 18- 65, participated in the survey: 147 Lithuanians, 133 Irish and 142 Lithuanians living in Ireland. In order to determine cigarette consumption and smoking intensity, a portion of questions, provided in A.Goštautas teaching material (1999), prepared for health psychology course, has been used; to conduct survey on alcohol consumption, The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), developed by WHO, has been applied; to conduct survey on drug consumption, The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST V3), developed by WHO, has been used; to conduct survey on lack of physical activity, a short Lithuanian version of official International Physical Activity Questionnaire has been used; to assess unhealthy nutrition habits, A Dietary Questionnaire on Food Habits, Eating Behaviour and Nutritional Knowledge by G. Turconi, M. Celsa (2003) has been applied; to assess risky driving behaviour, A Drive Behaviour Questionnaire by J. Reason and D. Parker (1990) has been applied. Survey results have demonstrated that Lithuanians living in Ireland and Lithuania smoke more than Irish; Lithuanians living in Ireland and Lithuania and Irish consume alcohol equally in a group of surveyed males, Lithuanian women living in Ireland consume more alcohol than Lithuanian women living... [to full text]

This study explores young men understandings of, and engagement in, risky sexual behaviours. The group of young men the study focuses on is in a high school in Lesotho. They are aged between 16 and 17 years. The motivation for the study is that, despite a series of campaigns designed to increase awareness and knowledge associated with sexually transmitted diseases, especially HIV/AIDS, young boys in Lesotho continue to engage in risky sexual behaviours and practices. It is in this context that the purpose of the study was to investigate how gender power is intimately tied in with meanings young men in Lesotho attach to sexuality. The related aspect investigated in this study, furthermore, was to investigate ways in which gender power operates, and ultimately contribute into boys’ and girls’ risky sexual behaviours that make them vulnerable to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The study employs qualitative research methods to achieve these aims and, accordingly, utilises focus group and individual interviews, with six purposively selected high school boys as research instruments. The findings reveal that, while some boys engage in risky sexual practices, others express determination to practice safe sex. Thus, the study reveals that despite the fact that some boys are engaged in unsafe sexual practises and multiple sexual partners in heterosexual relationships to comply with the notion of masculinity and societal expectations of MANHOOD, others are beginning to question such attitudes. There is therefore multiple and varied perspectives on this issue among the small sample selected for this study. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The changes in environmental processes results in the generation of a new geomorphological and pedological configuration consisting of materials wasted by industrial, commercial and domestic activities. Such deposits recognized as Technogenic causing innumerous social, economic, environmental problems and barriers for the urban planning. The central focus of this work in urban area of Araguaína located in the northern state of Tocantins (Brazil) lies in the improvement of the methodology of study of these artificial bodies in genesis and morphologies and in a propose of measures to mitigate the impacts and facilitate the activities of environmental planning. The methodology used was based on literature review, characterization and mapping of the study area, characterization of urban sprawl, and morphological and textural analysis of the dynamics of Technogenic Deposits. The results show great difficulty in identifying with satellite images of the DT indirectly as differentiated vegetation (exotic), emergence of new fluvial deposits, erosional features exposed by stormwater and areas with exposure of pedological layer and material handling. The DT in the city of Araguaína tends to expand its original area by entrainment of material by runoff with a layered structure and selection of tecnogenic materials in bottoms valleys. The intensity and volume of stormwater on DT added the slopes less steep causes mass movements affecting the stability of civilians building structures in several areas of the Araguaína city. Another observed fact is the amount of area with DT will become obsolete for use as public parks, green areas, as well as for the urban settlement. In this meaning, the techniques of remediation and recovery were determined according to the specific characteristics of each deposit and the environment in which it operates in the city of Araguaína. / As alterações dos processos ambientais resultam na geração de uma nova configuração geomorfológica e pedológica composta de materiais descartados pelas atividades industriais, comerciais e domésticas. Tais depósitos reconhecidos como Tecnogênicos causam inúmeros problemas sociais, econômicos, ambientais e causam entraves para o planejamento urbano. O foco central deste trabalho na área urbana de Araguaína situado no norte do estado de Tocantins (Brasil) reside no aprimoramento da metodologia de estudo desses corpos artificiais em sua genêse e morfologias, com vistas a proposição de medidas destinadas à mitigação dos impactos e facilitar as atividades de planejamento ambiental. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na revisão bibliográfica, caracterização e mapeamento da área de estudo, caracterização da expansão urbana, análise morfológica e textural e análise da dinâmica dos Depósitos Tecnogênicos. Os resultados apontam grande dificuldade na identificação por imagens de satélite dos DT indiretamente como manchas diferenciadas de vegetação (exóticas), surgimento de novos depósitos fluviais, feições erosivas expostas pelas águas pluviais e áreas com exposição da camada pedológica e movimentação de material. Os DT na cidade de Araguaína tendem a expandir sua área original por carreamento do material pelo escoamento superficial com uma estruturação em camadas e seleção dos materiais tecnogênicos nos fundos de vale. A intensidade e o volume das águas pluviais sobre os DT somados a declividades menos acentuadas causam movimentos de massa afetando a estabilidade das estruturas de edificações civis em várias áreas da cidade de Araguaína. Outro fato observado é quantidade de área com DT que se tornam obsoletas para o uso público como parques, áreas verdes, bem como para o assentamento urbano. Neste sentido, as técnicas de remediação e recuperação foram determinadas em função das características específicas de cada depósito e do ambiente em que se insere na cidade de Araguaína. / Doutor em Geografia

Primarily, this diploma thesis is focused on mapping the situation of school prevention by means of effective methods by persons with this responsibility at the upper primary schools. Secondly, it is concerned with identifying the current situation of risk behaviour. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical parts deals with basic terms related to this topic. The practical part investigated the current state of risk behaviour, status, job description and concrete background of school prevention personnel on the upper primary schools.