Orientador: Ione Correa / Resumo: Introdução: O bloco cirúrgico ou bloco operatório é classificado como um setor crítico e complexo, com a capacidade de atender as necessidades da prática cirúrgica. Estratégias ambientais são componente essencial para prevenir infecções associadas aos cuidados de saúde. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas sobre a desinfecção de superfícies ambientais em bloco cirúrgico, com uma proposta de construção de um procedimento operacional padrão. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura com artigos em português, inglês, espanhol nas bases de dados LILACS (via portal Bireme), BDENF, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Web of Science. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados em periódicos e disponíveis na íntegra, inglês, português ou espanhol que abordassem a temática e sem limitação temporal. Resultados e Discussão: Foram analisados três artigos, dois (66%) foram encontrados na base de dados Medline e um (34%) na Lilacs. Em relação a formação profissional dos autores, dois (66%) eram médicos e um artigo (34%) foi produzido por um enfermeiro. Quanto ao ano de publicação houve uma correlata aproximação de anos. Em relação ao local de estudo, periódico e seu respectivo Qualis, as publicações foram distribuídas em: um (34%) periódico nacional publicado em Uberlândia – MG e dois (66%) periódicos nacionais pulicados em Miami e Texas – USA respectivamente; os três artigos foram publicados em periódicos de grande impacto, sendo o artigo nacional (34%) publicado pela Revista L... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: The surgical block or operative block is classified as a critical and complex sector, with the capacity to meet the needs of the surgical practice. Environmental strategies are an essential component in preventing infections associated with health care. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on the disinfection of environmental surfaces in a surgical block, with a proposal to construct a standard operating procedure. Method: Integrative literature review with articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish in the LILACS (via Bireme portal), BDENF, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were articles published in periodicals and available in full, English, Portuguese or Spanish that approached the theme and without temporal limitation. Results and Discussion: Three articles were analyzed, two (66%) were found in the Medline database and one (34%) in Lilacs. Regarding the professional training of the authors, two (66%) were doctors and one article (34%) was produced by a nurse. As for the year of publication there was a correlata approximation of years. The publications were distributed in: one (34%) national periodical published in Uberlândia - MG and two (66%) national journals published in Miami and Texas - USA respectively; (34%) published by the Revista Latino Americana de Enfermagem (Revista Latino Americana de Enfermagem) with the stratum indicative of Qualis A1, and the international papers (66%) were published by Infect... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The Institute of Medicine's report in 2000, To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System, highlighted the seriousness of medical errors in the U.S. health care system. The unintentional retention of foreign objects in surgical patients is one of those errors. At the time of this study, there was no standardized counting policy and process across operating rooms in the United States. The purpose of this project was to develop a best practice educational counting program to help prevent the unintentional retention of foreign objects in surgical patients. The Logic Model was used to guide the design of the educational program and expected learning outcomes. A draft of the educational program was distributed to 10 perioperative stakeholders for an initial formative review. Changes were incorporated into the program and it was distributed to 6 perioperative experts for an additional summative assessment and content validation utilizing the AGREE II Instrument. The overall quality evaluation of the educational program was 85%, indicating that it was of high quality. Four of the respondents recommended the educational program for implementation without any changes and 2 recommended it for implementation with some minor modifications related to rewording of one question in the pretest-posttest. There were no recommended modifications in the content of the educational program. As a result, the project was recommended for adoption as a best practices-based educational program to prevent the unintentional retention of foreign objects in surgical patients. The study promotes positive social change by providing suggestions to improve the provision of safe care to surgical patients and decrease health care costs.

<p>Abstract</p><p>Chained Thoughts Broken by Chains of Thought</p><p>An Analysis of the Narrative Style Used in Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own</p><p>The purpose of this essay is to analyse the narrative style used in Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own in order to show in which ways it supports and reinforces the author’s arguments in her quest for a more equal society. One of the most prominent stylistic means applied by Woolf is her ‘train of thought’, linking one reflection to another like wagons in a railway convoy or like loops in a chain (therefore also sometimes referred to as ‘chain of thought’ in dictionaries). By examining how different rhetorical devices are applied within this train or chain of thought and in which ways these strategies are linked to the main elements of persuasion (ethos, pathos and logos) in Aristotelian Rhetoric, I have found that one of Woolf’s central themes - the resentment against confinement and the advocacy of androgyny or mixed-gendered thinking - is mirrored in her style. It reflects the author’s call to resist society’s restrictions by its unrestricted combination of different rhetorical strategies; this mixture of stylistic, partly gender-neutral devices helps her to create a common ground where she can reach and appeal to both genders in a very effective and innovative way, thus enabling her chain of thoughts to break some of our chained thoughts.</p><p>Ellen Johansson</p><p>Engelska C</p>

<p>En operationssjuksköterska kan under sin yrkesverksamma tid förväntas att ansvara vid en operation där patienten konstaterats hjärndöd och det beslutats att organdonation ska genomföras. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva operationssjuksköterskors erfarenheter vid organdonation när donatorn är hjärndöd. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats, där forskarna strävar efter en helhetsförståelse av det studerade intresseområdet. Datainsamling utfördes via ostrukturerade intervjuer med öppna frågor. Sju intervjuer genomfördes med operationssjuksköterskor som medverkat vid organdonation när donatorn var hjärndöd. Innehållsanalys genomfördes och fyra huvudkategorier framträdde: <em>Inför donation, Genomförande av donation, Efter donation </em>och<em> Etiska aspekter vid donation</em>. Resultatet visade att operationssjuksköterskorna hade liknande erfarenheter vid organdonation när donatorn var hjärndöd som vid andra operationer angående arbetsuppgifter och ansvarsområden. Teamarbete hade en central roll och vikten av värdighet i vården framträdde tydligt. Många olika tankar och känslor väcktes hos operationssjuksköterskorna i samband med en organdonation. En operationssjuksköterska kan under sin yrkesverksamma tid förväntas att ansvara vid en operation där patienten konstaterats hjärndöd och det beslutats att organdonation ska genomföras. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva operationssjuksköterskors erfarenheter vid organdonation när donatorn är hjärndöd. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats, där forskarna strävar efter en helhetsförståelse av det studerade intresseområdet. Datainsamling utfördes via ostrukturerade intervjuer med öppna frågor. Sju intervjuer genomfördes med operationssjuksköterskor som medverkat vid organdonation när donatorn var hjärndöd. Innehållsanalys genomfördes och fyra huvudkategorier framträdde: <em>Inför donation, Genomförande av donation, Efter donation </em>och<em> Etiska aspekter vid donation</em>. Resultatet visade att operationssjuksköterskorna hade liknande erfarenheter vid organdonation när donatorn var hjärndöd som vid andra operationer angående arbetsuppgifter och ansvarsområden. Teamarbete hade en central roll och vikten av värdighet i vården framträdde tydligt. Många olika tankar och känslor väcktes hos operationssjuksköterskorna i samband med en organdonation.</p>

In Gerichtsshows wie „Richter Alexander Hold“, „Richterin Barbara Salesch“ und „Das Strafgericht“ agieren Laiendarsteller semi-spontan als Teilnehmer einer fiktiven Gerichtsverhandlung. Hier wird also eine kommunikative Gattung aus der öffentlichen Kommunikation – die Gerichtsverhandlung – als Folie für eine Unterhaltungssendung genutzt. In dieser Arbeit wird die Gerichtsshow mithilfe des Konzeptes der kommunikativen Gattung beschrieben. Die Darstellung findet auf den verschiedenen Ebenen der kommunikativen Gattung "Binnenebene", "situative Realisierungsebene" und "Außenstruktur" statt. Außerdem wird dem Modell der kommunikativen Gattung als weitere Ebene die "mediale Außenstruktur" hinzugefügt, um die Beschreibbarkeit des Mediengesprächs "Gerichtsshow" zu verbessern. Die Analyse der Gerichtsshow zeigt, dass hier durch die Beteiligten eine Kontextualisierung als Gerichtsverhandlung aufgebaut wird. Die Teilnehmer müssen jedoch zugleich Aufgaben bewältigen, die denen einer Unterhaltungssendung entsprechen. Eine zentrale Aufgabe der Beteiligten ist daher das ständige Aushandeln zwischen der Produktion der Kontextualisierung als Gerichtsverhandlung einerseits und der Erfüllung der Anforderungen einer Unterhaltungssendung andererseits. In diesem Aushandlungsprozess entsteht eine gerichtsshowspezifische Darstellung von Kommunikation vor Gericht, die in dieser Arbeit mithilfe von rechtssoziologischen Konzepten wie dem der "Verfahrensgerechtigkeit" in ihrer Bedeutung im Diskurs um Recht und Gerechtigkeit eingeordnet wird. Die Analyse findet anhand von transkribierten Ausschnitten aus den Sendungen „Richter Alexander Hold“, „Richterin Barbara Salesch“ und „Das Strafgericht“ statt. / In German court room shows like “Richter Alexander Hold”, “Richterin Barbara Salesch“ and “Das Strafgericht“, amateur actors perform semi-spontaneous as participants of a fictional trial. The present thesis analyzes court room shows as communicative genres, using the concept of “Kommunikative Gattungen” as introduced by Beger/Luckmann (1988) and Günthner (1995). The analysis shows that court room shows' participants use court-specific contextualization cues to contextualize their interaction as a trial. At the same time, they have to fulfil tasks which are typical of shows and especially talk shows. Participants thus have to negotiate between producing a court-contextualization on the one hand and managing talk show tasks on the other hand. This negotiation produces a representation of court room communication that is typical of court room shows.

This dissertation focuses on social interaction patterns between young people in an online chat room, analyzing how social order is displayed and constituted. An overall issue concerns when and how the participants manage to co-create social communities within this setting. The data draw on an ethnographic study, where chat room observations and online recordings were carried out during three years. Methodological guidelines from discursive psychology and conversation analysis have been used in making detailed sequential analyses of chat room interactions. The thesis builds on social practice theories, including sociocultural theorizing and studies of language socialization, and work on positionings. The findings show that familiarity with chat language, including the use of emoticons and leet speak, as well as familiarity with netiquette and conversational routines such as greeting- and parting routines, are vital for the participants in order to become parts of local groups and alignments. Playful improvisation is an important feature in the chat room intercourse. Moreover, full participation requires involvement in the lives of co-participants and extended dialogues over time. In the process of moving from peripheral to more central participation, the participants formed alignments with other participants and positioned themselves and their co-participants in the chat room. Such alignments were often founded on a shared taste in, for example musical genres and everyday consumption patterns. Shared views on school, sex and relationships, as well as age or gender alignments also played a role in the creation of local communities. Conversely, issues of exclusion were recurrent features of chat room interplay. All considered this created participation patterns that formed local hierarchies which were not fixed or static, but rather fleeting and dynamic. And yet, the participants generally did not transcend or challenge contemporary age and gender boundaries.

En operationssjuksköterska kan under sin yrkesverksamma tid förväntas att ansvara vid en operation där patienten konstaterats hjärndöd och det beslutats att organdonation ska genomföras. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva operationssjuksköterskors erfarenheter vid organdonation när donatorn är hjärndöd. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats, där forskarna strävar efter en helhetsförståelse av det studerade intresseområdet. Datainsamling utfördes via ostrukturerade intervjuer med öppna frågor. Sju intervjuer genomfördes med operationssjuksköterskor som medverkat vid organdonation när donatorn var hjärndöd. Innehållsanalys genomfördes och fyra huvudkategorier framträdde: Inför donation, Genomförande av donation, Efter donation och Etiska aspekter vid donation. Resultatet visade att operationssjuksköterskorna hade liknande erfarenheter vid organdonation när donatorn var hjärndöd som vid andra operationer angående arbetsuppgifter och ansvarsområden. Teamarbete hade en central roll och vikten av värdighet i vården framträdde tydligt. Många olika tankar och känslor väcktes hos operationssjuksköterskorna i samband med en organdonation. En operationssjuksköterska kan under sin yrkesverksamma tid förväntas att ansvara vid en operation där patienten konstaterats hjärndöd och det beslutats att organdonation ska genomföras. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva operationssjuksköterskors erfarenheter vid organdonation när donatorn är hjärndöd. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats, där forskarna strävar efter en helhetsförståelse av det studerade intresseområdet. Datainsamling utfördes via ostrukturerade intervjuer med öppna frågor. Sju intervjuer genomfördes med operationssjuksköterskor som medverkat vid organdonation när donatorn var hjärndöd. Innehållsanalys genomfördes och fyra huvudkategorier framträdde: Inför donation, Genomförande av donation, Efter donation och Etiska aspekter vid donation. Resultatet visade att operationssjuksköterskorna hade liknande erfarenheter vid organdonation när donatorn var hjärndöd som vid andra operationer angående arbetsuppgifter och ansvarsområden. Teamarbete hade en central roll och vikten av värdighet i vården framträdde tydligt. Många olika tankar och känslor väcktes hos operationssjuksköterskorna i samband med en organdonation.

In this thesis I argue that understanding Forster’s effeminate male characters is central to understanding the novels that they appear in. Tibby in Howards End and Cecil in A Room with a View are often viewed as inconsequential figures that provide comic relief and inspire pity. But if, instead of keeping them at the margins, readers put Tibby and Cecil in direct contact and conflict with the dominant themes of gender identity, gendered power structures, and gender equality in these novels, these characters develop a deeper significance that details the fin de siècle’s ever-changing attitudes regarding prescribed gender roles for both men and women. Indeed, by examining Forster’s feminized male characters, one can chart the development of these roles in both the larger world and Forster’s prescription for gender evolution in his novels.

Das thermische Raummodell THERAKLES berechnet das dynamische Verhalten eines Raumes und seiner Umschließungsflächen in Abhängigkeit von realistischen Klimarandbedingungen, sowie Nutzer- und Anlagenverhalten. Neben Energieverbrauchswerten werden die operative Temperatur sowie weitere Kriterien zur Beurteilung der Behaglichkeit berechnet. Schwerpunkt der Anwendung liegt auf Optimierung der thermischen Behaglichkeit im Sommerfall, sowie energetischer Optimierung der Regelung von Heizungsanlagen unter Ausnutzung der Dynamik schwerer Baukonstruktionen und Massivbauwände. Das Modell beschreibt das dynamische Verhalten der Umfassungskonstruktionen durch instationäre, räumlich aufgelöste Simulation der Wand-, Fußboden-, und Decken- bzw. Dachflächen. Dadurch werden in der Konstruktion enthaltene Phasenwechselmaterialien (PCM) berücksichtigt und die zeitliche Verfügbarkeit der zusätzlichen Wärmespeicherfähigkeit abgebildet.

In hands-free telephony and in teleconference systems, the main aim is to provide agood free voice quality when two or more people communicate from different places.The problem often arises during the conversation is the creation of acoustic echo. Thisproblem will cause the bad quality of voice signal and thus talkers could not hearclearly the content of the conversation, even thought lost the important information.This acoustic echo is actually the noise which is created by the reflection of soundwaves by the wall of the room and the other things exist in the room. The mainobjective for engineers is the cancellation of this acoustic echo and provides an echofree environment for speakers during conversation. For this purpose, scientists designdifferent adaptive filter algorithms. Our thesis is also to study and simulate theacoustics echo cancellation by using different adaptive algorithms.