Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-08-17T20:40:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camilla Martins de Oliveira - 2015.pdf: 2722272 bytes, checksum: c1b127a024727131109290202bf7f846 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-18T12:47:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camilla Martins de Oliveira - 2015.pdf: 2722272 bytes, checksum: c1b127a024727131109290202bf7f846 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T12:47:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camilla Martins de Oliveira - 2015.pdf: 2722272 bytes, checksum: c1b127a024727131109290202bf7f846 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Nematodes cause losses in plants throughout the world that can be translated into many economic losses. The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.) are the most common and destructive pathogens within this group. In order to get an efficient method of nematode management, it is need to identify species and quantify accurately and reliably. The aim of this research was to optimize an assay based on real-time PCR to detect and quantify M. incognita. For this purpose the effectiveness of different DNA methods of extraction were compared through the values of Ct intervals. The DNA extraction was made from 100 individual nematodes by the methods: CTAB, Phenol: Chloroform and commercial kit (PureLink® Genomic ADN Kit, Invitrogen). In the comparative analysis using the three methods the CTAB method and commercial kit obtained similar Ct values. The CTAB was the best method of extraction with less variation among the replications and showed higher linearity of the standard curve in comparison with the other methods tested. It was possible to quantify nematodes in the samples based on the intervals of the Ct values established from different numbers of nematodes (1, 10, 25, 100, 250, 500 and 750). This study demonstrated that qPCR technique is a sensitive and reliable alternative for the quantification of M. incognita that may help laboratories of diagnose and field survey. Twenty-six populations of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) from five locations of the state of Bahia, five from the state of Mato Grosso, four from the state of Goiás and one from the state of Minas Gerais, were characterized based on morphology of perineal cut, biochemical analysis through esterase profile and molecular analysis with specific primers. Identification of nematodes in the samples using the analysis of perineal cut, esterase profile and molecular analysis was possible, but with some variations in the perineal patterns and some atypical profiles of esterase. In the analyses of esterase profiles were found 69.23% of M. javanica with esterase profiles J3 and J2, and 30.77% of M. incognita with esterase profile I1. There was a higher occurrence of M. javanica in the areas cultivated with soybeans. Molecular analysis showed to be practical and accurate. / Nematoides causam perdas em plantas em todo o mundo, as quais podem ser traduzidas em muitos prejuízos econômicos. Os nematoides das galhas (Meloidogyne spp.) são os mais comuns e destrutivos dentro deste grupo de patógenos. Para conseguir implantar um método eficiente de manejo de fitonematoides há uma necessidade de identificação das espécies e quantificação precisa e confiável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a otimização de um ensaio baseado em PCR em tempo real para detectar e quantificar M. incognita. Para isto diferentes métodos de extração de DNA e sua eficiência foram comparados. A extração de DNA foi feita a partir de 100 nematoides pelos métodos do CTAB, Fenol: Clorofórmio e KIT comercial (PureLink® Genomic DNA Kits, Invitrogen). Na análise comparativa destes três métodos de extração de DNA observou-se que o método CTAB e o utilizando o Kit comercial obtiveram igual eficiência, dados pelos valores próximos Ct (cycle threshold). O melhor método de extração foi considerado o CTAB, apresentando menor variação entre as diferentes amostras biológicas utilizadas como repetições e demonstrando maior linearidade na curva-padrão em comparação com os demais métodos testados. Foi possível estabelecer um parâmetro para a quantificação de nematoides nas amostras baseado em faixas de valores de Ct, estabelecidas a partir de diferentes números de indivíduos (1, 10, 25, 100, 250, 500 e 750). Este estudo demonstrou que a técnica de qPCR é uma alternativa sensível e confiável para a quantificação de M. incognita, para auxiliar laboratórios de diagnóstico e o monitoramento no campo desses nematoides. Vinte e seis populações do nematoide das galhas (Meloidogyne spp.), provenientes de cinco municípios do Estado da Bahia, cinco municípios do Estado do Mato Grosso, quatro municípios do Estado de Goiás e um município do Estado de Minas Gerais, foram caracterizados com base em: morfologia do corte perineal, análise bioquímica por meio de perfil de esterase e análise molecular com iniciadores específicos. Baseado nestes parâmetros foi possível a identificação das amostras, porém foram encontradas algumas variações nos padrões perineais e perfis atípicos nos perfis de esterase. Nas análises dos perfis de esterase foram encontradas 69,23% de M. javanica com perfis de esterase J3 e J2, e 30,77% de M. incognita com perfil de esterase I1. Verificou-se a maior ocorrência de M. javanica, nas áreas coletadas cultivadas com soja. A análise molecular se mostrou prática e precisa.

Este projeto objetivou desenvolver um marcador molecular ligado ao gene de resistência a Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), em vista da necessidade de aprimorar os métodos de melhoramento de plantas para atender crescentes demandas de produtividade. O outro objetivo deste trabalho foi a avaliação de uma população segregante F2 e de retrocruzamento (RC1F1) a Meloidogyne incognita raça 3, oriunda do cruzamento das cultivares comerciais Coker 176 (C176) e Coker 371 Gold (C371G). Para o desenvolvimento do marcador ligado ao gene de resistência a TMV, o gene N, foram desenvolvidos iniciadores específicos para regiões conservadas (TIR, NBS e LRR) deste gene com base em sua seqüência. Estes iniciadores foram utilizados para amplificar um marcador cuja ligação ao referido gene foi confirmada em 200 indivíduos de população segregante F2 oriunda do cruzamento entre uma linhagem resistente (Coker176) e outra suscetível ao vírus (Kentucky326). A proporção entre o número de plantas resistentes e suscetíveis (154:46) não diferiu estatisticamente daquela esperada no caso de segregação de um gene dominante de resistência, que seria de 3:1. Os resultados indicaram que o marcador e o gene estão proximamente ligados segundo taxa de recombinação, que foi de 1%. Na avaliação da hereditariedade a M.incognita utilizou-se 141 indivíduos da população segregante F2 oriunda do cruzamento entre uma linhagem resistente (Coker176) e suscetível (Coker 371G) e 138 indivíduos de RC1F1 ([C176 X C371G] X C371G). Os resultados obtidos entre a proporção entre o número de plantas resistentes e suscetíveis da população F2 (102:39) e da RC1F1 (67:71) não diferiu estatisticamente daquela esperada no caso de segregação de um gene dominante de resistência. / The aim of this study is to develop a molecular marker linked to the resistant gene to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) considering the necessity to improve plant breeding to meet growing demands of productivity. The other goal of this study is to evaluate the mode of inheritance of an F2 segregating population and backcross (BCF1) population of Meloidogyne incognita race 3 originated from cross breeding between commercial cultivars Coker 176 and Coker 371 Gold. For the development of the marker linked to the TMV resistant gene, the N gene, specific primers of this gene were developed for conserved regions (TIR, NBS and LRR) based on their sequence. These primers were used to amplify a marker whose connection with the aforementioned gene was confirmed in 200 individuals in a segregating F2 population originated from the cross breeding between a resistant cultivar (Coker176) and another cultivar which is susceptible to the virus (Kentucky326). The proportion between the number of resistant and susceptible plants (154:46) did not statistically differ from the one expected in the segregation of one dominant resistance, which would be a 3:1 segregation ratio. The results indicated that the marker and the gene are narrowly linked according to recombination ratio 1%. In the heredity evaluation of resistance to M.incognita 141 plants of the segregating F2 population originated from the cross breeding of a resistant (Coker176) and susceptible cultivar (Coker 371G) and 138 plants of backcross BC1F1 ([C176 X C371G) X C3371G) were used. The outcome of the proportion between the number of resistant and susceptible plants of segregating F2 (102:39) and BC1F1 population (67:71) were not statistically different from the ones expected for a monogenic dominant resistance.

Thesis (M. A. Agriculture (Plant Protection)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / The influence of cultural practices can be modified by environmental conditions such as container-type or positioning. The objective of the study was to determine whether container-type and positioning would have an influence on the growth of tomato plants and suppression of Meloidogyne javanica exposed to biomuti (Trial 1) and Afrikelp (Trial 2). Different container-types were filled with approximately 10.4 L growing mixture comprising steam-pasteurised sandy loam soil and Hygromix-T at 3:1 (v/v) ratio. The containers were established in microplots at 0.6 m × 0.6 m spacing, with treatments being brown pot-below; brown pot-above, black pot-below, black pot-above, plastic bag-above and plastic bag-below. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. 'Floradade' seedlings were each transplanted and irrigated with 500 ml chlorine-free tapwater every other day. Seven days after transplanting, each plant was inoculated with 2000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. javanica. Biomuti and Afrikelp, obtained from the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Vegetable, Ornamentals and Plants (VOP), were applied in separate trials weekly at 2.5%. At 56 days after inoculation, plant growth including selected nutrient elements and nematode variables were measured. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, with separation of means achieved using Fisher’s Least Significant Difference test at the probability level of 5%. In the biomuti trial, container-type and positioning had a significant effect on plant height, fruit number, dry root mass, dry shoot mass and fruit mass, contributing 82, 48, 44, 85 and 89% in total treatment variation (TTV) of the respective variables. Relative to brown pot-below; black pot above, plastic bag-above and brown pot-above reduced plant variables, whereas treatment effects were not significant on nematode variables. In the Afrikelp trial, trends where similar to those in biomuti, treatments had highly significant effects on xvi plant height, dry root mass, dry shoot mass and gall rating, contributing 91, 88, 66 and 60% in TTV of the respective variables. Relative to brown pot-below; black pot above, plastic bag-above and brown pot-above reduced the plant variables, but had no significant effects on nematode variables. Generally, plastic bags and polyethylene pots below-ground improved most plant growth variables when compared to those in containers positioned above-ground.

Les nématodes à galles (RKN) du genre Meloidogyne spp. sont des parasites obligatoires des plantes qui induisent la formation d’un site nourricier spécialisé au sein des racines. Mon projet de thèse a pour objectif d’identifier des gènes spécifiques de ces nématodes qui sont impliqués dans le parasitisme en se focalisant sur des protéines sécrétées ou effecteurs. La technologie de séquençage Illumina a été utilisée pour comparer les transcriptomes de M. incognita au cours de son cycle de vie. A partir de 307 gènes surexprimés dans -au moins- un stade du cycle de vie, nous avons sélectionné 14 candidats d’effecteurs. Des expériences de RT-qPCR, d’hybridation in situ et d’ARN interférence ont permis de confirmer le profil d’expression, de localiser l’expression des effecteurs et d’étudier leur rôle dans la pathogénicité. Ce travail a permis de démontrer le rôle important d’une petite protéine, MiSCR1, dans les stades précoces du parasitisme. Parallèlement, nous avons réalisé l’assemblage de novo du transcriptome de M. enterolobii, qui représente une nouvelle menace pour l’agriculture mondiale du fait de sa capacité à se reproduire sur la majorité des plantes résistantes aux autres RKN. Les premières comparaisons avec d'autres RKN nous ont permis d'identifier, non seulement des effecteurs en commun, mais aussi ceux qui sont spécifiques à certaines espèces de RKN et qui pourraient expliquer des différences de gamme d'hôtes. En conclusion, les analyses de transcriptomes de RKN ont permis de caractériser des nouveaux effecteurs candidats impliqués dans la pathogénicité, et d’apporter de nouvelles connaissances pour le développement de méthodes de lutte contre ces bioagresseurs / Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are obligate endoparasites that maintain a biotrophic relationship with their hosts inducing specialized feeding cells. My PhD project aims to identify RKN genes specifically involved in plant parasitism with an emphasis on genes encoding new secreted proteins, named effectors. Using Illumina RNA-seq technologies, we compared transcriptomes of Meloidogyne incognita during its life cycle. From 307 genes over-expressed at -at least- one stage of the life cycle, we selected 14 effector candidates. RT-qPCR, in situ hybridisation and siRNA soaking experiments were carried out to confirm their expression profile, localize the spatial expression of these candidates in the nematode and to study their role in pathogenicity. The silencing of the dorsal gland specific-Minc18876 gene and its paralogues resulted in a significant, reproducible decrease in the number of egg masses, demonstrating a potentially important role for the small cysteine-rich effector, MiSCR1, it encodes in early stages of giant cell formation. In parallel, we perform a de novo assembly of M. enterolobii transcriptome. This RKN species represents a new threat for the agriculture worldwide because of its ability to reproduce on the majority of known RKN-resistant plants. First comparisons with others RKN allowed us to identify, not only the common set of effectors, but also those specific to some RKN species and possibly involved in host range differences. In conclusion, the transcriptome profiling of RKNs allowed the characterisation of new candidate effectors involved in the plant pathogenicity, and provided a better knowledge for the development of new methods to control these pests

Thesis (Ph. D. Agriculture (Plant Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Plant-parasitic nematodes inflict economic damages on vegetable and field crops due to a lack of suitable crop protection chemicals and integrated crop management practices. Toxic synthetic chemical nematicides were withdrawn from the agro-chemical markets in 2005 due to their damage to the environment and humans. As such, there is continuous need to develop integrated nematode management strategies that are economic, environment friendly yet capable of effectively controlling the pest to alleviate crop loss and food insecurity. Root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes are a major yield- and quality-reducing pest in most potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) producing regions in South Africa. However, little is known about the different plant-parasitic nematode species that are associated with potato in some Provinces. The sustainable production of crops in the absence of nematode resistant genotypes depends on the availability of nematode resistant crops in crop rotation systems. However, the effectiveness of these nematode resistance crops in managing root-knot nematodes in potato-based cropping systems has not been investigated in South Africa. The aim of the study was the development of sustainable cropping sequences for management of population densities of Meloidogyne species in potato production using crops with different mechanisms of nematode resistance. Two main objectives were investigated, but the second objective was sub-divided into three. The objectives of the study were to investigate (1) whether the diversity and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with potato in Limpopo Province, would be different to those in other potato-producing regions of South Africa, (2) whether (a) monoculturing potato would have any effects on population densities of Meloidogyne species, plant growth and soil health, (b) sequencing potato with a post-infectional nematode resistant crop like Cucumis africanus would have any effects on population densities of Meloidogyne species, plant growth and soil health and (c) sequencing potato with a pre-infectional nematode resistant crop such as sweet stem sorghum would have any effects on population densities of Meloidogyne species, plant growth and soil health. Ten known nematode genera, namely, Scutellonema, Helicotylenchus, Telotylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Paratylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Criconema, Nanidorus, Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus species were present in potato production fields in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study was conducted on 30 farms, located in Mopani, Sekhukhune, Capricorn, and Waterberg districts by randomly collecting 10 core soil samples per hectare in a zigzag-sampling pattern. A total of eight nematode genera except two (Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus species) were recorded for the first time in potato fields in Limpopo Province. Additionally, the sampled districts were predominated by different nematode species. The Meloidogyne species were the most prevalent nematodes associated with potato crops followed by Helicotylenchus and Scutellonema species. In contrast, the Tylenchorhynchus and Nanidorus species were the least prevalent parasitic nematodes in potato production fields in the Limpopo Province. To achieve Objective 2, two field experiments were conducted at the University of Limpopo (UL) and the Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable and Ornamental Plants (ARC-VOP). In Sequence 1, the treatments (sorghum cv. ʹNdendaneʹ, potato cv. ′Mondial G3′, Cucumis africanus and potato (cv. ′Mondial G3′)-(Velum) were laid out in a randomised complete block design. In Sequence 2, potato (cv. ′Mondial G3′) was cultivated on all plots as the successor main crop. In Sequence 3, the treatments were laid out as in Sequence 1, whereas in Sequence 4 sole potato crop was cultivated as in Sequence 2. Therefore, four cropping sequences namely, sorghum-potato, potato monoculture, C. africanus–potato and potato-(Velum)-potato (control) were investigated simultaneously.Generally, post-infectional resistant C. africanus-potato was more effective than pre-infectional nematode resistant sorghum-potato or potato monoculture cropping sequences in reducing the population densities of Meloidogyne species in the soil. This has led to reduced damage to subsequent potato crop providing higher tuber yield, increased shoot mass and nutrients elements accumulation in potato leaf tissues at both sites. The high soil organic carbon content, microbial diversity and enzyme activity observed in C. africanus-potato and sorghum-potato showed that these two cropping sequences enhanced soil health better than the monoculture production system of potato with or without Velum application. The different indices (maturity index, channel index, enrichment index and structure index) collectively demonstrated that the soil was highly disturbed with bacteria dominated decomposition pathways. The nematode faunal profile showed that sorghum-potato was the only cropping sequence that improved soil structure as exhibited by high structure index. Therefore, the inclusion of nematode resistant sweet stem sorghum in potato-based cropping system promoted soil health better than the other cropping sequences. In conclusion, C. africanus-potato sequence could be used to effectively manage root-knot nematode population densities, whereas sorghum-potato sequence could be considered where the aim is to improve soil health. / National Research Foundation(NRF) Green Biotechnologies Research Centre of Excellence(GBRCE) Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable and Ornamental Plants(ARC-VOP)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1919. / Title from added collective thesis title page. Part 1 reprinted from Phytopathology, vol. 4, no. 4 (Aug. 1914), p. [323]-326, plate XXI ; Part 2 reprinted from Phytopathology, vol. IX, no. 2 (Feb. 1919), p. [93]-103, plate IX ; Part 3: Bulletin / United States Department of Agriculture, no. 818 (5 Jan. 1920) (see OCLC #16627505), 14 p., V p. of plates ; Part 4: Bulletin / United States Department of Agriculture, no. 842 (7 Sept. 1920) (see OCLC #16627722), 40 p., VI p. of plates. Includes bibliographical references.

Les nématodes à galles (Meloidogyne spp.) sont des pathogènes cosmopolites extrêmement polyphages. L’emploi de la majorité des nématicides chimiques étant désormais interdit, la meilleure alternative repose sur l’utilisation de gènes majeurs de résistance (gènes R). Cependant, il existe un risque de contournement de ceux-ci et les ressources génétiques en termes de gènes R sont limitées. Une gestion qui permette de pérenniser l’utilisation de ces ressources d’intérêt agronomique est donc primordiale. Me1 et Me3 sont deux gènes R à large spectre du piment actuellement utilisés dans les programmes de sélection. La confrontation vis-à-vis de M. incognita de différents génotypes possédant l’un de ces deux gènes a montré que (1) le fond génétique de la plante joue un rôle clé sur l’efficacité de ces gènes R, (2) il n’existe pas d’effet du dosage d’allèles pour ces gènes R. Suite à ces résultats, une recherche de loci à caractère quantitatif (QTLs) a été réalisée afin d’identifier et de localiser des facteurs de résistance partielle susceptibles d’expliquer les différences observées entre les différents fonds génétiques. L’étude de tels facteurs vis-à-vis de M. incognita, M. arenaria et M. javanica, les trois principales espèces de nématodes à galles, a mis en évidence quatre nouveaux QTLs. Tous sont regroupés sur le chromosome P1 du piment, sauf un efficace vis-à-vis de M. javanica situé sur le chromosome P9. C’est la première fois que des facteurs de résistance aux nématodes à galles sont localisés sur le chromosome P1. Ce travail ouvre de nouvelles perspectives quant à la création de nouvelles variétés avec un potentiel accru en termes de résistance aux Meloidogyne. / Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), Meloidogyne spp., are extremely polyphagous plant parasites worldwide. Since the use of most chemical nematicides is being prohibited, genetic resistance is an efficient alternative way to protect crops against these pests. However, nematode populations proved able to breakdown plant resistance, and genetic resources in terms of resistance genes (R-genes) are limited. Sustainable management of these valuable resources is thus a key point of R-gene durability. In pepper, Me1 and Me3 are two dominant major R-genes, currently used in breeding programs to control M. arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica, the three main RKN species. Challenging these two genes in different genetic backgrounds against M. incognita demonstrated that (1) the efficiency of the R-genes in reducing the reproductive potential of RKNs is strongly affected by the plant genetic background, (2) the allelic status of the R-genes has no effect on nematode reproduction. According to these first results, a QTL analysis was performed to identify and to localize partial resistance factors against RKNs which could explain the differences observed between the genetic backgrounds. Focusing on M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. javanica, four new major QTLs were localized. They are all regrouped on pepper chromosome P1 except one QTL efficient against M. javanica, which was located on pepper chromosome P9. The cluster on chromosome P1, regrouping most of the newly discovered resistance factors, is described for the first time with respect to RKN resistance. As a conclusion, this work should contribute to the breeding of new pepper varieties with a high level of resistance against RKNs.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:04:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_ej_dr_jabo.pdf: 2925633 bytes, checksum: 1794e969fffc6c2ce4cdd74354b559fc (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este trabalho teve os objetivos de estudar comparativamente os caracteres morfológicos e morfométricos úteis para distinção entre Meloidogyne mayaguensis e M. incognita; quantificar os danos causados à goiabeira ‘Paluma’, em formação, por M. mayaguensis em níveis crescentes de inóculo; caracterizar o desbalanço nutricional e a fenologia da goiabeira ‘Paluma’ face à infecção pelo nematóide; avaliar a hospedabilidade de outras frutíferas e plantas invasoras a esse patógeno; estudar a flutuação populacional do nematóide em pomar de goiabeira ‘Paluma’; prospectar materiais resistentes a M. mayaguensis dentre diversos acessos de Psidium guajava e Psidium spp. e avaliar a compatibilidade desses materiais como porta-enxerto para goiabeira ‘Paluma’. Os dados indicam que a morfologia do padrão perineal e da região labial dos machos são suficientes para a distinção segura entre M. mayaguensis e M. incognita. As medidas do diâmetro do tronco, comprimento das três pernadas, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, retirada nas podas, área de folhas individuais, comprimento, largura, número por planta e massa dos frutos foram inversamente proporcionais aos níveis de inóculo de 0, 10, 100, 1.000 e 10.000 ovos e juvenis/planta. Os teores de N, P e K decresceram de folhas sem sintomas para folhas com o sintoma leve e severo, nas análises realizadas em fevereiro e agosto. / This work had the objectives of to study the morphologic characters and useful morfometric comparatively for distinction between Meloidogyne mayaguensis and M. incognita; to quantify the damages caused to the guava 'Paluma', in growing, for M. mayaguensis in growing levels of inocula; to characterize the nutritional imbalance and the fenology of the guava 'Paluma' face to the infection for the nematode; to evaluate the host suitability of other fruitful ones and its weeds to that pathogen; to study the population fluctuation of the plant parasitic nematode in guava orchard 'Pedro Sato'; resistant material prospect to M. mayaguensis between several accesses of Psidium guajava and Psidium spp. and to evaluate the compatibility of those materials as rootstock for guava 'Paluma'. The data indicate that the morphology of the perineal pattern and of the labial area of the males they are enough for the distinction it holds between M. mayaguensis and M. incognita. The measures of the diameter of the log, length of the three blanches, fresh and dry mass of the blanches, retreat in the pruning, area of individual leaves, length, width, number for plant and mass of the fruits was inversely proportional at the levels of inocula of 0; 10; 100; 1,000 and 10,000 eggs and juveniles/plant. The tenors of N, P and K decreased of leaves without symptoms for leaves with the light and severe symptom, in the analyses accomplished in February and August. The Ca had your concentration increased with the worsening of the symptoms, in February and August and Mg only in August. Sulfur had a larger concentration in leaves without symptoms, in February. In August, the leaves with severe symptoms presented larger concentrations of S.

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-19T20:47:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Dilania Lopes de Matos.pdf: 684417 bytes, checksum: 4a602d4c8c97f6b4eabd1bfe8db64e3e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-04-10T18:14:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Dilania Lopes de Matos.pdf: 684417 bytes, checksum: 4a602d4c8c97f6b4eabd1bfe8db64e3e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T18:14:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Dilania Lopes de Matos.pdf: 684417 bytes, checksum: 4a602d4c8c97f6b4eabd1bfe8db64e3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / CAPES / Nematoides do gênero Meloidogyne, constituem-se em importante grupo de fitoparasitas causadores de danos em culturas de grande importância econômica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a reação de genótipos de arroz de altas a M. javanica, realizado em condições de casa de vegetação. Foram utilizados genótipos de arroz de terras altas, oriundos do programa de melhoramento genético da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 37 tratamentos, sendo 36 genótipos de arroz e uma cultivar de soja (BRSMG 760RR) utilizada como testemunha suscetível, em quatro repetições cada. A população de nematoide das galhas foi mantida em plantas de tomateiro. As plantas de arroz foram inoculadas com 1000 ovos + juvenil segundo estádio (J2), 30 dias após semeadura. Aos 60 dias após inoculação, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: Massa Fresca da Raiz (MFR), massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, número de massa de ovos, número de ovos + J2 por sistema radicular, para determinação do índice de massa de ovos (IMO) e fator de reprodução (FR). Foi verificado os coeficientes de correlação linear entre as variáveis IMO x FR, IMO x MFR e MFR x Pf. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que 72% dos genótipos de arroz destacaram-se positivamente, com comportamento de resistência a M. javanica. Verificou-se que nem sempre uma maior população de nematoides no sistema radicular, indica menor massa de raiz e área foliar. Além disso, a avaliação somente do índice de massa de ovos não é suficiente para determinação de resistência ou suscetibilidade a M. javanica de genótipos de arroz, sendo necessário avaliar o fator reprodução. Todas as correlações foram significativas e positivas, indicando que o comportamento dos parâmetros avaliados foi sempre no mesmo sentido. / Nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne, constitute an important group of plant parasites that cause damage to crops of economic importance. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of upland rice genotypes to M. javanica, conducted in a greenhouse. Were used genotypic materials upland rice, originating from the breeding program of Embrapa Arroz e Feijão. The experimental design was completely randomized with 37 treatments and 36 genotypes of rice and cultivar soybean (BRSMG 760RR) as susceptible, and four replications each. The root-knot nematode populations were maintained on tomato plants, tobacco and soybeans. The rice plants were inoculated with 1000 eggs + second-stage juvenile (J2), 30 days after sowing. After 60 days inoculation the following variables were evaluated: fresh root mass (MFR), fresh and dry weight of shoots, number of egg mass, number of eggs + J2 per root system, for determining mass index eggs (IMO) and reproduction factor (FR), obtained by dividing the final population (Pf) and initial (Pi) of the nematode (FR = Pf / Pi). Was found the coefficient of linear correlation between the variables IMO x FR, IMO x MFR e MFR x Pf. The results indicated that 72% of the xiii genotypes of rice stood out positively with resistance the M. javanica, it was found that a larger population of nematodes in root, does not indicate lower root mass and leaf area. Furthermore, only mass index egg is not sufficient to determine the resistance or susceptibility of rice genotypes the M. javanica, being necessary to evaluate the reproduction factor. All correlations were significant and positive, indicating that the behavior of the evaluated parameters was always in the same direction.

Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-06T13:22:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1661491 bytes, checksum: 603ad8044463f6291792eef191227188 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-06T13:22:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1661491 bytes, checksum: 603ad8044463f6291792eef191227188 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The lectins are proteins capable of recognize and bond reversibly to carbohydrates without modifying them by a non-catalytic domain. In vegetables, they are synthetized as resistance factors against phytopathogens, and since they recognize structures present in the parasites, for their structural, catalytic and carbohydrate-specific characteristics give information on the action mechanisms against different parasitic species. Our study feature its catalytic activity of the lectin extracted from Abelmoschus esculentus (AEL) and evaluated their effects on phytophagous and phytopathogens for its application as a potential as crop protection and. We performed peptide analysis from AEL using mass spectrometry to determine conservative domains inherent to its molecular properties and protease activity inhibition toxicity, essays toxicity on the fruit fly Ceratitis capitata and root knot nematodes Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita on their different development stages through topical application, fungistatic activity on phytopathogenic fungi. AEL presents in its composition regions that are homologous to kunitz-type protease inhibitors, with the identification of conserved peptides for this class of proteins and protease inhibition activity (92%), which reveal its catalytic function and direct their action mechanisms on the different phytopathogens. It´s displayed insecticide effect on 3rd instar larvae and pupae, nematicide effect for the root knot nematodes acting mainly in larve hatched but did not presented fungistatic activity. / Lectina é um grupo de proteínas capaz de reconhecer e se ligar a carboidratos de forma reversível sem modifica-los por domínio não catalítico. Em vegetais, são sintetizadas como fator de resistência contra fitopatógenos por reconhecer estruturas presentes nestes parasitas e e suas características estruturais, catalíticas e carboidrato-específicos fornecem informações sobre seus mecanismos de ações em diferentes espécies de parasitas. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a atividade catalítica da lectina extraída de sementes de Abelmoschus esculentus (AEL) e avaliar seus efeitos sobre organismos fitófagos e fitopatógenos para sua utilização como um possível defensivo agrícola. Foram realizadas análises dos peptídeos da AEL por espectrometria de massas para detecção de domínios conservados inerentes a sua propriedade molecular e realização de atividade de inibição de proteases e ensaios de toxicidade em mosca de fruta Ceratitis capitata e nematoides de galha Meloydogine javanica e Meloydogine incógnita, nos seus diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento através de aplicação tópica e avaliação de sua atividade fungiostática sobre fungos fitopatogênicos, AEL apresentou em sua composição regiões homólogas à inibidores de protease do tipo kunitz, com identificação de 03 peptídeos conservados nesta classe de proteínas e atividade de inibição de protease (92%), os quais revelam sua função catalítica e direcionam seus mecanismos de ações nos diferentes parasitas. Apresentou efeito inseticida sobre larvas 3º instar e pupa, apresentou efeito nematicida sobre os nematoides de galhas, atuando principalmente sobre a eclosão das larvas, mas não apresentou atividade fungiostática.