Abstrakt Färdigheter utvecklas gradvis vid träning och fördelarna som erhålls är många. Utförandet går snabbare, blir mer korrekt och den kognitiva belastningen tros minska. Utvecklandet av färdigheter kan dock påverkas av individens personlighet och faktorer som setts kunna bidra till stress och prestation. Denna studie undersökte betydelsen av upplevda krav, kontroll och socialt stöd enligt en teoretisk modell framtagen av Karasek och Theorell som reviderats av Perski samt personlighet (Eysenck, EPQ-R: extraversion, neuroticism) avseende resultaten på teoretisk respektive praktisk prestation efter olika mängd träning. Prestation mättes med svenska klätterförbundets praktiska och teoretiska standardprov som används vid uppklättring för topprepskort. Antalet deltagare var 60 personer (27 kvinnor, 33 män). Deltagarna var uppdelade på två grupper, varav ena gruppen hade tränat i två timmar och den andra hade tränat i fyra timmar. Resultaten visade inte på några signifikanta skillnader mellan de båda grupperna avseende de undersökta variablerna förutom att de som gått den kortare kursen rapporterade ett starkare socialt stöd än de som gått den längre kursen. De undersökta variablerna krav, kontroll och socialt stöd samt de två personlighetsvariablerna visade sig inte ha någon relation till resultatet på det teoretiska provet. Ju högre krav försökspersonerna rapporterade desto bättre resultat uppvisades dock på det praktiska provet. Tidigare forskning har entydigt visat att dessa variabler har signifikanta relationer till prestation. Avseende studiedesign finns dock vissa metodologiska skillnader relativt denna studie. För att utröna vilka relationer som finns mellan träning gällande klättring, prestation, upplevda krav, kontroll, socialt stöd och extraversion respektive neuroticism skulle det vara önskvärt med en mer omfattande studie. Nyckelord: Träning, Stress, Personlighet, Prestation, Topprepsklättring / Abstract While training, skills are developed gradually and the received advantages are numerous. The performance increases, gets more correct, and the cognitive burden is believed to decrease. Development of the skill can be affected by the individual´s personality as well as factors known to be related to stress and performance. This study examines the relation between experienced demand, control and social support according to a theoretical model developed by Karasek and Theorell and revised by Perski and personality (Eysenck, EPQ-R: extraversion, neuroticism) regarding results of theoretical and practical performance, respectively, after various amount of training. Performance was measured by the Swedish climbing society’s practical and theoretical standard test used at examinations for top rope certificate. There where 60 participants in the study (27 women and 33 men). The participants where divided into two groups, of which one group practiced for two hours and the other group practiced for four hours. The results showed no significant differences between the two groups regarding the observed variables, with an exception for reports of a stronger social support among the participants of the shorter course. The observed variables; demands, control, social support, and the two personality variables showed no correlation with the result of the theoretical exam. Although, participants reporting higher demands scored higher on the practical exam. Earlier research has unambiguously shown that these variables have significant correlations with performance. However, there are some methodological differences with respect to the research design relatively to this study. To investigate the relations between training in climbing and the studied variables, it would be desirable to conduct a more extensive study. Key words: Training, Stress, Personality, Performance, Top rope climbing

The excavation of Sieur de la Salle's ship, La Belle, yielded a large amount of waterlogged rope requiring conservation. A history of hemp and rope manufacture is reviewed to assist in the identification of the materials and rope-work recovered from the La Belle, as well as to assist in selecting an appropriate conservation treatment. A summary of several methods used to conserve cordage is presented. Time has shown that not all of these treatment methods have remained viable options, and that continued study and experimentation are needed so that the conservator has the tools to develop an appropriate conservation plan for each artifact. The majority of La Belle's cordage was conserved using the passivation polymers method developed by Dr. C. Wayne Smith and Dr. Donny L. Hamilton, both of Texas A&M University, in conjunction with Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Michigan. An experiment applying knowledge gleaned from the passivation polymers process to polyethylene glycol (PEG) impregnation was conducted in an attempt to stabilize the PEG within the rope. The results were good; the rope retained some flexibility and appears stable with a slightly darker color than with silicone oil.

The thesis is mainly a study on the Flexible Print Circuit which was producing manufactured. The research investigates how the FPC operates based on related product capacity data in the conjunction of back end MPS system data of producing scheduling database. Due to system and relative data collocation, it helps a salesman to make a better judgment on the outcome of an order before making promises to customers. In addition, this paper is looking into how applying the related production management method increases the number of the entire production and improves the efficiency on the production line. Then it studies how using this method can temporarily meet the needs of customers¡¦ big orders & cut-in orders before promising customers the date of delivery. Regarding manufacturing procedure of FPC, the purpose for increasing actual output is achieving the maximum production capability and the best arranging procedure. All information was given by different groups of employees from FPC industry, including its Sales Department, Production Management Department, Procurement Department and Supply Department; it also derives from the interviews with station managers and high level managers. With situation simulation and case simulation will be revised on current product line¡¦s output and try to bring up production operation model of FPC Industry. Finally, changing production management and station order to achieve its maximum production on FPC.

<p>Abstrakt</p><p>Färdigheter utvecklas gradvis vid träning och fördelarna som erhålls är många. Utförandet går snabbare, blir mer korrekt och den kognitiva belastningen tros minska. Utvecklandet av färdigheter kan dock påverkas av individens personlighet och faktorer som setts kunna bidra till stress och prestation. Denna studie undersökte betydelsen av upplevda krav, kontroll och socialt stöd enligt en teoretisk modell framtagen av Karasek och Theorell som reviderats av Perski samt personlighet (Eysenck, EPQ-R: extraversion, neuroticism) avseende resultaten på teoretisk respektive praktisk prestation efter olika mängd träning. Prestation mättes med svenska klätterförbundets praktiska och teoretiska standardprov som används vid uppklättring för topprepskort. Antalet deltagare var 60 personer (27 kvinnor, 33 män). Deltagarna var uppdelade på två grupper, varav ena gruppen hade tränat i två timmar och den andra hade tränat i fyra timmar. Resultaten visade inte på några signifikanta skillnader mellan de båda grupperna avseende de undersökta variablerna förutom att de som gått den kortare kursen rapporterade ett starkare socialt stöd än de som gått den längre kursen. De undersökta variablerna krav, kontroll och socialt stöd samt de två personlighetsvariablerna visade sig inte ha någon relation till resultatet på det teoretiska provet. Ju högre krav försökspersonerna rapporterade desto bättre resultat uppvisades dock på det praktiska provet. Tidigare forskning har entydigt visat att dessa variabler har signifikanta relationer till prestation. Avseende studiedesign finns dock vissa metodologiska skillnader relativt denna studie. För att utröna vilka relationer som finns mellan träning gällande klättring, prestation, upplevda krav, kontroll, socialt stöd och extraversion respektive neuroticism skulle det vara önskvärt med en mer omfattande studie.</p><p>Nyckelord: Träning, Stress, Personlighet, Prestation, Topprepsklättring</p> / <p>Abstract</p><p>While training, skills are developed gradually and the received advantages are numerous. The performance increases, gets more correct, and the cognitive burden is believed to decrease. Development of the skill can be affected by the individual´s personality as well as factors known to be related to stress and performance. This study examines the relation between experienced demand, control and social support according to a theoretical model developed by Karasek and Theorell and revised by Perski and personality (Eysenck, EPQ-R: extraversion, neuroticism) regarding results of theoretical and practical performance, respectively, after various amount of training. Performance was measured by the Swedish climbing society’s practical and theoretical standard test used at examinations for top rope certificate. There where 60 participants in the study (27 women and 33 men). The participants where divided into two groups, of which one group practiced for two hours and the other group practiced for four hours. The results showed no significant differences between the two groups regarding the observed variables, with an exception for reports of a stronger social support among the participants of the shorter course. The observed variables; demands, control, social support, and the two personality variables showed no correlation with the result of the theoretical exam. Although, participants reporting higher demands scored higher on the practical exam. Earlier research has unambiguously shown that these variables have significant correlations with performance. However, there are some methodological differences with respect to the research design relatively to this study. To investigate the relations between training in climbing and the studied variables, it would be desirable to conduct a more extensive study.</p><p>Key words: Training, Stress, Personality, Performance, Top rope climbing</p>

Tall ironweed (Vernonia altissima) and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control in cool season grass pastures was evaluated in 2007 and 2008. Tall ironweed was evaluated in Fayette and Boone Counties, KY and Canada thistle was evaluated at Spindletop Research Farm. Herbicides applied selectively with a rope-wick were compared to a broadcast foliar spray. Treatments were a broadcast treatment, of aminopyralid + 2, 4-D and six rope-wick treatments: aminopyralid at three concentrations, glyphosate, triclopyr and clopyralid at one concentration each. The Boone County location had five broadcast foliar treatments: aminopyralid at three rates, triclopyr + fluroxpyr, and 2,4-D + triclopyr. The Canada thistle study consisted of the same six rope-wick treatments as the Fayette County tall ironweed study. A broadcast treatment of aminopyralid at 70 g a.e./ha was included in 2008. Studies were evaluated 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 52 weeks after treatment. Aminopyralid plus 2,4-D provided 86% control of tall ironweed 52 WAT. Aminopyralid at 20% v/v controlled 65% of tall ironweed. Canada thistle control 52 WAT ranged from 0 to 25% control for the six ropewick treatments.

Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der Untersuchung des Reibwertes zwischen Seil und Seilrille, von hochfesten synthetischen Faserseilen, in Treibscheibensystemen. Im Grundlagenteil werden Aufbau, Funktion und Berechnung derartiger Fördersysteme nach dem Stand der Technik dargestellt. In den letzten Jahren haben als Zugmittel verstärkt Seile auf Basis hochfester, synthetischer Fasern Einzug gehalten. Diese Seile sind deutlich leichter als die bekannten Drahtseile und weisen dabei zum Teil höhere Festigkeitswerte auf. Um solche hochfesten Seile gezielt in fördertechnischen Anlagen einsetzen zu können, ist es erforderlich, diese Seile grundlegenden Untersuchungen zu unterziehen. Geprüft wird dabei z.B. auch die Treibfähigkeit. Der Wissenstand auf diesem Gebiet kann im Vergleich zu den Drahtseilen als mangelhaft angesehen werden. Um eine ausreichende Treibfähigkeit (u.a. eine Funktion des Reibwertes) zu gewährleisten, ist es notwendig die Reibwerte in Abhängigkeit des Verschleißzustandes des Seils und der Seilscheiben zu ermitteln und zu analysieren. Bei diesen Untersuchungen werden Parameter wie der Seilwerkstoff, die Rillengeometrie und die Drehzahl der Treibscheibe oder die Vorlast variiert. Ziel der Untersuchungen ist die Ermittlung vorteilhafter Kombinationen von Seil und Scheibe in Bezug auf die Treibfähigkeit. Abschließend erfolgt die kurze Darstellung einer neuen Berechnungsmethodik, welche den Stand der Technik um die Besonderheiten der Faserseile erweitert. Damit lassen sich neue Anwendungsfelder generieren. / During the last years, high-strength synthetic fibre ropes have found there ways into the sector of tension members and traction mechanisms. These ropes are significant lighter than known steel wire ropes and, beside this, do show a higher strength. For using such ropes pointedly in conveyors and conveying systems, basic research has to be done on the ropes. The behaviour in cyclic bending, the creep behaviour and wear mechanisms are to be examined. The knowledge on these fields is, compared to the knowledge on steel wire ropes, insufficient. A study on the friction coefficient of high-strength synthetic fibre ropes working on drive sheaves are to be presented within this paper. To ensure an adequate drive capability (which is a function of the coefficient of friction and the wrap-around angle), it is necessary to investigate and analyse the coefficients of friction in dependency of the state of wear. During the investigations, parameters like groove dimension, number of revolutions per minute and initial load have been varied. Target of the investigations is, to evaluate an optimised combination of rope and drive sheave in terms of drive capability. Appropriate applications in conveying engineering can be derived from this optimised combination.

This report contains an investigation of fluid injection techniques used in the purpose of reducing deleterious flow effects occurring in the draft tube of Francis turbines when operating outside nominal load. There is a focus on implement ability at Jämtkrafts hydroelectric power plants and two power plants were investigated, located in series with each other named Lövhöjden and Ålviken. The only profitable scenario found with some degree of certainty was an increase in the operating range upwards to allow overload operation. Findings show that both air and water can be introduced in various locations to improve hydraulic efficiency around the turbine parts as well as reduce pressure pulsations in harmful operating regions. Investments in such systems have proven useful and profitable at several facilities with poorly adapted operating conditions. But due to losses in efficiency when operating injection systems, it turns out unprofitable in situations where it does not improve the operating range in a way that is resulting in increased annual or peak production.

The dissertation investigates the diagnostics of wire rope by using forced characteristics. The main object of research is defects of prestressed ropes using a dynamic systems characteristic. The primary purpose of this dissertation is to research the characteristics of a prestressed rope with outside of broken wire and to create research methodology of broken wires and determine its location. The paper approaches a few major tasks such as by experiment detecting the dynamic characteristics of the wire rope and detection broken wire on the surface of the wire rope using dynamic characteristics. Task 1 is formulated as the literature review found that the wire rope defects detected by using of the dynamic characteristics received little attention. Task 2 relates to the first problem solution, as measured by vibrating amplitude of broken wire, it is important to assess the reliability of measuring instruments. The introduction reveals the investigated problem, importance of the thesis and the object of research and describes the purpose and tasks of the paper, research methodology, scientific novelty, the practical significance of results examined in the paper and defended statements. The introduction ends in presenting the author’s publications on the subject of the defended dissertation, offering the material of made presentations in conferences and defining the structure of the dissertation. Chapter 1 analysis used literature. It contains a wire rope defects and diagnostic... [to full text] / Disertacijoje nagrinėjama plieninių lynų defektų nustatymas taikant jėgines charakteristikas. Pagrindinis tyrimo objektas yra įtemptų plieninių lynų defektų nustatymas naudojant lyno, kaip dinaminės sistemos, savybes. Pagrindinis disertacijos tikslas – ištirti įtempto plieninio lyno su išoriniame sluoksnyje nutrūkusiomis vielomis savybes ir sukurti nutrūkusių vielų bei jų vietos nustatymo tyrimų metodiką. Darbe sprendžiami keli pagrindiniai uždaviniai: eksperimentiškai nustatytos plieninio lyno dinaminės charakteristikos ir naudojant jas aptinkamos įtempto plieninio lyno paviršiuje nutrūkusios vielos buvimo vieta. Pirmasis uždavinys suformuluotas, nes atlikus literatūros apžvalgą nustatyta, kad plieninių lynų defektams aptikti naudojant dinamines charakteristikas skirta mažai dėmesio. Antrasis siejasi su pirmojo uždavinio sprendimu, nes kai matuojamos virpančios nutrūkusios vielos amplitudės, labai svarbu įvertinti matavimo priemonių patikimumą. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai. Įvadiniame skyriuje aptariama tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, aprašomas tyrimų objektas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašoma tyrimų metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas, darbo rezultatų praktinė reikšmė, ginamieji teiginiai. Įvado pabaigoje pristatomos disertacijos tema autoriaus paskelbtos publikacijos ir pranešimai konferencijose bei disertacijos struktūra. Pirmasis skyrius... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

CORREIA, Tuana Oliveira. Quitinase de Classe I de feijão-de-corda (Vigna unguiculata): Estudo preliminar da expressão do gene, clonagem, expressão e purificação em Escherichia coli BL21(λ)DE3 e determinação da estrutura através da modelagem por homologia. 2007. 90 f.Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-07-13T14:28:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_tocorreia.pdf: 4501880 bytes, checksum: 7e0762a6def00c394cbdb56fc9fe2389 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-13T23:35:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_tocorreia.pdf: 4501880 bytes, checksum: 7e0762a6def00c394cbdb56fc9fe2389 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T23:35:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_tocorreia.pdf: 4501880 bytes, checksum: 7e0762a6def00c394cbdb56fc9fe2389 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / In this work we have made a preliminary study on the expression of a class I chitinase gene from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp), cloning and expression of this gene in Escherichia coli BL21(λ)DE3 cells and, through homology modeling, we determined the three­ dimensional structure of this protein. The expression of the class I quitinase gene from cowpea was performed by RT­PCR from the total RNA, with specific primers, from seeds and pods in distinct stages of development (2, 4, 6, 8 , 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 days), belonging to two contrasting genotypes regarding to infection by Callosobruchus maculatus, IT81D­1053 (resistant) e TE97­419­07F (susceptible). The gene expression in leaves, roots, epicotyls and hipocotyls from two contrasting genotypes considering the infection by the nematoid Meloidogyne incongnita, CE­31(resistant) e TE97­411­1F (susceptible). The VuChiI gene cloning was accomplished from the amplified product on RT­PCR with IT81D­1053 seeds, and the amplified product from the genomic DNA of MONTEIRO. Eleven clones were obtained, from which nine were sequenced. The cloning of R7 clone was accomplished in pET15b vector and the expression of the recombinant protein was induced in the presence of IPTG 1mM. The protein, with 30 kDa, was visualized through a SDS­PAGE. The protein purified through an affinity chromatography in Sepharose column with immobilized Nickel did not had a significative hydrolytic activity. The models generated for the clones and for the native chitinase, have indicated that mutations that occurred did not changed the molecule's active sites. Thus, the class I chitinase gene from feijão­ de­ corda seems to present constitutive expression in all parts of the plant. The recombinant chitinase obtained was inactive. The specific mutations in the resulting clones suggests the occurrence of isoforms of this protein, what should be elucidated in the future. / No presente trabalho, foi realizado um estudo preliminar sobre a expressão de um gene de quitinase de classe I de feijão-de-corda (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp), a clonagem e expressão desse gene em células de Escherichia coli BL21(λ)DE3 e a determinação via modelagem por homologia da estrutura tridimensional dessa proteína. A expressão do gene da quitinase de classe I de feijão-de-corda foi obtida a partir de RT-PCR com oligonucleotídeos iniciadores específicos. Nessas reações, foram usadas amostras de RNA total de sementes e vagens em diferentes estágios de crescimento (2, 4, 6, 8 , 10, 12, 14, 16 e 18 dias), pertencentes a dois genótipos contrastantes quanto a infecção pelo Callosobruchus maculatus, IT81D-1053 (resistente) e TE97-419-07F (suscetível). A expressão foi avaliada também em folhas, raízes, epicótilo e hipocótilo de dois genótipos contrastantes quanto a infecção pelo nematóide das galhas Meloidogyne incongnita, CE-31 (resistente) e TE97-411-1F (suscetível). A clonagem do gene VuChiI foi realizada a partir do produto amplificado da RT-PCR de sementes de IT81D-1053, e do produto amplificado a partir do DNA genômico de MONTEIRO. Foram obtidos 11 clones confirmados, dos quais 9 foram seqüenciados. A subclonagem do clone R7 foi realizada em pET15b e a expressão da proteína recombinante foi induzida na presença de IPTG 1mM. A proteína recombinante, com aproximadamente 30 kDa, foi visualizada através de um SDS-PAGE. A proteína purificada através de uma cromatografia de afinidade em coluna de Sepharose com Níquel imobilizado não apresentou atividade quitinásica significativa. Os modelos gerados para os clones obtidos e para a quitinase nativa, indicam que as mutações ocorridas não alteram os sítios ativos das moléculas. Dessa forma, a quitinase de classe I do feijão-de-corda parece apresentar expressão constitutiva em todas as partes da planta. A quitinase recombinante obtida foi pouco ativa. As mutações pontuais nos clones obtidos sugerem a ocorrência de isoformas dessa proteína, o que ainda deve ser elucidado no futuro.

A necessidade de exploração de petróleo em águas profundas exige o emprego de dutos flexíveis com desempenho em fadiga adequado, sendo as armaduras de tração deste tipo de duto as camadas mais críticas para este tipo de solicitação. Atento a isto, este trabalho mostra o desenvolvimento de um novo conceito de armaduras de tração, que são construídas com cabos de aço. Para avaliar o desempenho dos cabos de aço na armadura tração foi elaborada uma configuração de armadura, com a seleção e aplicação de cabos de aço disponíveis no mercado nacional. Além da caracterização metalúrgica, dimensional e mecânica, foram feitos ensaios de fadiga ao ar e em água do mar sintética no cabo de aço selecionado. Ensaios em fadiga de uma seção da conexão foram feitos para avaliar as características da falha de fadiga, comparando-as com os tendões maciços. Também foi executada uma análise por elementos finitos para avaliar a distribuição de tensões no interior da resina, sendo validada pelo uso de extensômetros no cabo. Foi projetado e construído um duto com a configuração proposta, além das conexões. Este duto foi ensaiado em tração e fadiga e comparado com um duto de referência, em termos de peso, tensões e rigidez axial e a flexão. Os resultados sugerem um grande aumento na vida em fadiga nas conexões e no ambiente com água do mar. Além disso, o duto construído suportou com sucesso todos os modos de carregamento impostos ao duto de referência, superando o número de ciclos deste. As análises de falha indicaram que o duto desenvolvido apresentou o modo de fratura dúctil, enquanto que os ensaios com as seções da conexão indicaram sinais de fadiga em regiões com falha superficial dos fios. A rigidez axial é similar ao do duto de referência e a rigidez a flexão calculada é superior ao do duto de referência devido ao maior diâmetro das camadas das armaduras. Apesar do maior peso do duto desenvolvido, a resistência específica é similar. / The need for oil exploration in deep water requires the use of flexible pipes with better fatigue performance, and the tensile armor of this type of product layers critical for this type of application. Aware of this, this work shows the development of a new concept of tensile reinforcement, which are built with wire ropes. To evaluate the performance of wire ropes in tensile armor, an armor configuration was developed, with the selection and application of steel cables available in the domestic market. Besides metallurgical characterization, dimensional and mechanical fatigue tests were carried out in air and in synthetic sea water on wire rope selected. Fatigue tests on end-fitting section were made to evaluate the characteristics of fatigue failure, compared with the massive tendons. It has also been performed by finite element analysis to evaluate the stress distribution within the resin, being validated by the use of strain on the wire rope. It was designed and constructed a pipeline with the proposed configuration, in addition to connections. This pipeline was tested in tensile and fatigue compared to a reference pipeline in terms of weight, axial and flexural stiffness and axial tension. The results suggest a large increase in fatigue life on end-fitting and the environment with seawater. Furthermore, the flexible pipe developed successfully endure all modes of loading imposed on the reference pipe, surpassing the number of cycles thereof. The failure analysis indicated that the flexible pipe developed showed ductile fracture mode, while the trials with boxes indicated signs of fatigue failure in the regions with the surface of the wires. The axial stiffness is similar to the reference pipeline and the flexural stiffness calculated is higher than the reference product, due to the greater diameter of the layers of armor. Despite the greater weight of the product developed, the specific resistance is similar.