A presente pesquisa investiga duas práticas de performance da obra Variationen für Klavier, Op. 27 de Anton Webern através da comparação de duas edições da obra e da comparação de três gravações realizadas por Peter Stadlen (1948), Yvonne Loriod (1961) e Charles Rosen (1969). Foram comparadas a primeira edição da obra (a edição Urtext de 1937) e a edição Prática elaborada por Peter Stadlen (1979), resultado de sua interação com o compositor durante o período que antecedeu a estreia do Op. 27. Os aspectos estéticos e interpretativos da obra foram considerados a partir dos textos de Stadlen e da literatura recente. Utilizando o software Sonic Visualiser foram mapeadas as flutuações de tempo nas três gravações do Op. 27. Os resultados evidenciaram dois estilos diferentes de performance. De um lado, o estilo pós-guerra (Cook, 2016) de Loriod e Rosen, marcado pela influência da vanguarda de Darmstadt; de outro lado, o estilo pré-guerra de Stadlen, o qual lança questionamentos sobre o cânone interpretativo estabelecido pelo estilo do pós-guerra. / This research investigates two performance practices of Anton Webern’s Variationen für Klavier, Op. 27 through a comparison between two editions and three recordings of the work. The first edition (the Urtext edition of 1937) and Stadlen’s practical edition of 1979 were compared in regards to the expressive markings added by the composer and the performer, and interpretive aspects of recente literature as well as Stadlen’s texts were considered. Using the software Sonic Visualiser tempo fluctuations were analysed in the recordings by Peter Stadlen (1948), Yvonne Loriod (1961) and Charles Rosen (1969). The results brought to evidence two contrasting performance styles. On the one hand, the post-war style (Cook, 2016) of Loriod and Rosen, marked by the influence of the Darmstadt avant-garde, and, on the other hand, the pre-war style of Peter Stadlen, which calls into question the interpretive canon of the work established by the post-war style of performance.

We report on conductance measurements in carbon nanotube based double quantum dots connected to two normal electrodes and a central superconducting finger. By operating our devices as Cooper pair beam splitters, we provide evidence for Crossed Andreev Reflection (CAR). We inject Cooper pairs in the superconducting electrode and measure the differential conductance at both left and right arm. The contacts split the device into two coupled quantum dots. Each of the quantum dots can be tuned by a lateral sidegate. If the two sidegates are tuned such that both quantum dots are at a transmission resonance, a considerable part of the injected Cooper pairs splits into different normal contacts. On the contrary, if only one of the two dots is at resonance, nearly all pairs tunnel to the same normal contact. By comparing different triple points in the double dot stability diagram, we demonstrate the contribution of split Cooper pairs to the total current. In this manner, we are able to extract a splitting efficiency of up to 50% in the resonant case. Carbon Nanotubes ensure ballistic transport and long spin-flip scattering lengths. Due to these properties they are promising candidates to investigate EPR-type correlations in solid state systems.

À partir de l’étude des concepts de la ritournelle et du galop chez Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari, le présent mémoire explore les fonctions temporelles de la musique dans le cinéma moderne. Ce concept de temporalité sera déplié en trois temps. En premier lieu, une relecture de la musique romantique permettra d’en développer les différentes articulations temporelles. Par la figure du compositeur incompris, reclus et exilé ainsi que par l’utilisation du fragment, la musique romantique se donne des personnages qui habitent la terre et fondent des territoires. Ensuite, parce qu’il s’agit de comprendre les mécanismes de la musique au cinéma, il est primordial d’examiner les conclusions des différentes théories sur le sujet. De ce parcours théorique, il faudra comprendre que les fonctions classiques attribuées à la musique de cinéma ne réussissent pas complètement à expliquer les mécanismes de la musique dans le cinéma moderne. En fait, c’est qu’une nouvelle problématique motive les images. Ces films, tout comme la musique romantique, font voir les mouvements du temps. Finalement, c’est par la ritournelle et le galop, aux croisements des concepts de la musique romantique et du cinéma moderne, qu’une musicalité filmique fait voir un nouveau temps dans l’image. / Through an investigation of the concepts of the refrain and the gallop put forward by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, this dissertation explores the function of musical temporality in modern cinema. The concept of temporality will be brought to light in three parts. The first will expound on the different forms of temporal articulation through a reexamination of Romantic music. With the figure of the misunderstood, reclusive, exiled composer and the use of the fragment, it will be seen that Romantic music features characters that are Earthbound and found territories. The next part, recognizing the importance of understanding the mechanics of cinematic music, presents a vital examination of the various theories on the subject and their conclusions. From this theoretical investigation, it will be necessary to understand that the classical functions attributed to cinematic music fall short of fully explaining the mechanics of music in modern cinema. Indeed, this is because there is a new issue driving the images. These films, just like Romantic music, convey the passage of time. The final part shows that at the intersection of the concepts of Romantic music and the music of modern cinema, it is through the refrain and the gallop that the filmic musicality reveals a new temporality in the images.

A presente pesquisa investiga duas práticas de performance da obra Variationen für Klavier, Op. 27 de Anton Webern através da comparação de duas edições da obra e da comparação de três gravações realizadas por Peter Stadlen (1948), Yvonne Loriod (1961) e Charles Rosen (1969). Foram comparadas a primeira edição da obra (a edição Urtext de 1937) e a edição Prática elaborada por Peter Stadlen (1979), resultado de sua interação com o compositor durante o período que antecedeu a estreia do Op. 27. Os aspectos estéticos e interpretativos da obra foram considerados a partir dos textos de Stadlen e da literatura recente. Utilizando o software Sonic Visualiser foram mapeadas as flutuações de tempo nas três gravações do Op. 27. Os resultados evidenciaram dois estilos diferentes de performance. De um lado, o estilo pós-guerra (Cook, 2016) de Loriod e Rosen, marcado pela influência da vanguarda de Darmstadt; de outro lado, o estilo pré-guerra de Stadlen, o qual lança questionamentos sobre o cânone interpretativo estabelecido pelo estilo do pós-guerra. / This research investigates two performance practices of Anton Webern’s Variationen für Klavier, Op. 27 through a comparison between two editions and three recordings of the work. The first edition (the Urtext edition of 1937) and Stadlen’s practical edition of 1979 were compared in regards to the expressive markings added by the composer and the performer, and interpretive aspects of recente literature as well as Stadlen’s texts were considered. Using the software Sonic Visualiser tempo fluctuations were analysed in the recordings by Peter Stadlen (1948), Yvonne Loriod (1961) and Charles Rosen (1969). The results brought to evidence two contrasting performance styles. On the one hand, the post-war style (Cook, 2016) of Loriod and Rosen, marked by the influence of the Darmstadt avant-garde, and, on the other hand, the pre-war style of Peter Stadlen, which calls into question the interpretive canon of the work established by the post-war style of performance.

A presente pesquisa investiga duas práticas de performance da obra Variationen für Klavier, Op. 27 de Anton Webern através da comparação de duas edições da obra e da comparação de três gravações realizadas por Peter Stadlen (1948), Yvonne Loriod (1961) e Charles Rosen (1969). Foram comparadas a primeira edição da obra (a edição Urtext de 1937) e a edição Prática elaborada por Peter Stadlen (1979), resultado de sua interação com o compositor durante o período que antecedeu a estreia do Op. 27. Os aspectos estéticos e interpretativos da obra foram considerados a partir dos textos de Stadlen e da literatura recente. Utilizando o software Sonic Visualiser foram mapeadas as flutuações de tempo nas três gravações do Op. 27. Os resultados evidenciaram dois estilos diferentes de performance. De um lado, o estilo pós-guerra (Cook, 2016) de Loriod e Rosen, marcado pela influência da vanguarda de Darmstadt; de outro lado, o estilo pré-guerra de Stadlen, o qual lança questionamentos sobre o cânone interpretativo estabelecido pelo estilo do pós-guerra. / This research investigates two performance practices of Anton Webern’s Variationen für Klavier, Op. 27 through a comparison between two editions and three recordings of the work. The first edition (the Urtext edition of 1937) and Stadlen’s practical edition of 1979 were compared in regards to the expressive markings added by the composer and the performer, and interpretive aspects of recente literature as well as Stadlen’s texts were considered. Using the software Sonic Visualiser tempo fluctuations were analysed in the recordings by Peter Stadlen (1948), Yvonne Loriod (1961) and Charles Rosen (1969). The results brought to evidence two contrasting performance styles. On the one hand, the post-war style (Cook, 2016) of Loriod and Rosen, marked by the influence of the Darmstadt avant-garde, and, on the other hand, the pre-war style of Peter Stadlen, which calls into question the interpretive canon of the work established by the post-war style of performance.

The presence of human destitution, impoverishment and degradation in the midst of plenty has puzzled social thinkers for millennia. One of the oldest and grandest of theories: the theory of ideology attempts to provide an answer to the puzzle of domination in society. Michael Rosen, in his book On Voluntary Servitude (1996), argues that the solution provided by the theory of ideology is problematic. Furthermore, on the basis of his critique, Rosen argues that we should abandon the theory of ideology and consider alternatives to it. Even though many contemporary academics have turned away from the theory of ideology, because they view it as an imprisoning meta-theory, this study explores the possibility of there being a meta-theory that could help us to make sense of the world. Through an examination of Rosen's critique this thesis shows that Rosen is too quick in his dismissal of the theory of ideology because he fails to consider that a revised functionalist theory of ideology can be expanded to account for the mechanism(s) that ensure that, over time, the society in question acquires ideological consciousness to further its welfare. This thesis shows that Rosen is correct in his criticism of the theory of ideology's explanation of domination because the content, history and social effects of ideological consciousness cannot be fully explained in terms of their role in promoting or stabilising relations of domination. In light of Rosen's criticism the thesis shows that if one provides both an explanation of the psychological motivations of individuals and of the nature of the oppressive society in which they find themselves then what I call an integrated theory of ideology can be developed. In order to illustrate the importance of an integrated theory of ideology the study moves away from high-level theoretical abstraction to concrete social analyses, focusing on the work of Frantz Fanon and Steve Biko and their explanations of domination. The reason this study focuses on their work is because in their role as social scientists, Fanon and Biko provided a powerful critique of colonial, post-colonial and neo-colonial society. It will be argued that Fanon and Biko were able to provide a lasting critique of colonial reality because they offered their critique within the framework of such an integrated theory. Consequently, this study argues that, as Fanon and Biko's work illustrate, an integrated theory of ideology qua critical theory ought not to be abandoned because it is crucial for understanding and resisting forms of oppression that exist in the world today.

Med avstamp i en korpus bestående av svensk fiktionsprosa utgiven 1809–1930 studeras språkförändring innan, under och efter det moderna genombrottet. Utifrån en hypotes om att förändringar sker framför allt på frasnivå kartläggs nominalfrasens utveckling med avseende på längd och komplexitet. Längd och djup för samtliga nominalfraser i 303 verk analyseras för att synliggöra övergripande förändringstendenser. Desamma jämförs också med den grafiska meningens förändring i längd under perioden. Vidare görs också en närläsning av fyra av korpusens verk, vilka kan antas ha fungerat pådrivande alternativt bromsande i utvecklingen mot ett alltmer modernistiskt språk. Utifrån fem beskrivande kriterier för vad modernistiskt språk är och med fokus på verkens grafiska meningars och nominalfrasers utformning analyseras och diskuteras språket i Rosen på Tistelön, Psykologiska gåtor 3, Blå blommor och Tidens kvinnor i förhållande till stilutvecklingen under hela tidsperioden i stort. Resultatet visar en ökning av nominalfrasens längd och komplexitet under 1839–1878. Efter det vänder utvecklingen. År 1879–1930 minskar längd och komplexitet som snabbast, vilket delvis sammanfaller med det moderna genombrottet (1870–1905). Genom närläsningen framkommer att de kortare och enklare konstruerade nominalfraserna sammanfaller relativt tydligt med en mer modernistisk språkstil. Med viss modifikation av årtalsgränserna går det således att tala också om ett modernt genombrott språkligt sett.

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