Phénomène classique en droit privé du travail, l’évolution d’une activité et le sort réservé aux salariés de droit privé qui y sont affectés figure parmi les thèmes fondamentaux du droit social contemporain, et fait, à ce titre, l’objet d’une jurisprudence relativement stabilisée et d’une littérature abondante. La problématique sociale des évolutions d’activités publiques, pour être tout aussi essentielle sinon plus que celle qui irrigue le secteur économique classique, souffre à l’inverse d’un manque d’analyse globale et approfondie, du moins de l’absence d’une mise en perspective de l’ensemble des hypothèses où elle est amenée à être soulevée. L’approche de la présente recherche est donc d’envisager la problématique sociale liée aux évolutions d’activités publiques dans sa globalité, en embrassant l’ensemble des hypothèses génériques concernées tant d’un point de vue organique – nature des personnels concernés comme nature des entités d’origine et d’accueil – que matériel – externalisation d’activités publiques, reprise en régie, décentralisation de compétences, transfert intercommunal de compétences, privatisation d’établissements publics, etc. L’ambition est ici de révéler le caractère primordial de la donnée sociale dans la conduite des évolutions d’organisation ou de gestion des activités publiques, et d’apporter, dans la démarche pratique qui est la nôtre, les clés essentielles à la résolution de la problématique sociale qu’elle peut engendrer, quelque soit l’hypothèse sur laquelle elle porte. Il s’agit, en premier lieu, en fonction de la nature publique et/ou privée des personnels concernés, d’identifier clairement les obligations de transfert des personnels de nature légales - d’ordre interne comme communautaire - ou conventionnelles, et de les confronter à la volonté politique de conserver ou réaffecter ces personnels. Il convient, en deuxième lieu, de préciser les modalités de transfert des personnels concernés. Il s’agit tout particulièrement de vérifier la nécessité d’obtenir un accord exprès de leur part, de formaliser le transfert par la signature par un contrat de travail ou encore de solliciter les institutions représentatives du personnel pour procéder au transfert effectif des agents. Il est, en troisième et dernier lieu, important d’envisager précisément les conséquences du transfert des personnels tant pour la structure d’accueil que pour les agents eux-mêmes, en termes financiers (niveau de rémunération, avantages individuels acquis, etc.) et opérationnels (organisation interne des ressources humaines, répartition des pouvoirs hiérarchiques entre structure d’origine et d’accueil pour les personnels mis à disposition, etc.). / Classical phenomenon in labour law, the changes which happens in an activity’s management or organisation and the resulting question of the employee’s fate appears like one of the most important contemporary labour law’s subject. Despite it concerns public undertakings engaged in economic activities, whether or not they are operating for gain, as well as private undertakings, this dimension is nevertheless well known and characterised by a lack of detailed analysis, at least by a putting in perspective’s lack of all hypothesis concerned. Consequently, this study chooses to consider the social issue following public activities changes in its globality by including all cases concerned, as well in an organic point of vue (employees nature, original structure or welcoming structure nature) then in a material point of vue (public activities externalization, return of an activity under a public control, decentralization, powers’ transfers between local authorities, privatization of public ownerships, etc.). This study’s aim is to reveal the importance of the human element in the event of a change on activity’s management or organisation and to give, in a practical view, the keys to resolve the social issue which belongs to each activity’s changes, whatever is the working hypothesis concerned. First, depending on the public or private nature of the personnel, it should be clearly identified the tranfer’s obligations which could exist according to labour legislation or a collective agreement and to bring them face to political decision to keep or redeploy employees. Then, it must be explained the procedure of transfer. More particularly, it should be confirmed if the transfer needs to be accepted by each employee, to be formalized by a contract signature or as well to be submitted to union companies. Finally, it is important to envisage precisely the transfer consequences as for employers then for employees, in financial (wages, individual or collective benefits, etc.) and operational terms (human resources organisation, management rules between original employer and new employer in case of provided civil servant, etc.).

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / ENGLISH SUMMARY: The onset of globalisation has brought major shifts in business conduct where stakeholder expectations and business priorities and obligation are concerned, bringing a whole new meaning to the issue of sustainable development. In the past, sustainable development essentially concerned the environment, particularly the safeguarding of ecological interests through more responsible business practices. However, over the years, this perspective has evolved to give equal priority to economic, ecological, as well as social interests. The shift in business priorities and obligation has increased the significance of corporate social responsibility (CSR), or the discretionary contribution of corporate resources towards social, environmental and economic development, as defined by the study. The practice of CSR, too, has evolved over time – from being mostly once-off, random philanthropic donations, to a more strategic approach that aligns CSR initiatives with national and corporate objectives. Today, CSR has become an item on many corporate agendas worldwide and hence, the study seeks to explore the concept of corporate social responsibility to gain a deeper understanding of the issue. The aims of the study are to gain an understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility and its dynamics, to establish the nature and scope of CSR at NAMDEB Diamond Corporation, and to establish how CSR at NAMDEB aligns with current global approaches and practices. These will be achieved through an analytical study of CSR literature, an exploration of Government’s expectations of the private sector with regard to CSR, and by exploring NAMDEB’s CSR initiatives and practices. In Chapter 2, the meaning of CSR is explored and defined, followed by a discussion of the history, trends, approaches and practices in CSR. The chapter also presents global initiatives relevant to sustainable development and CSR. Following the literature review, Chapter 3 explores the Government’s expectations of the private sector in terms of its support and involvement in socioeconomic development in Namibia. NAMDEB Diamond Corporation (Pty) Ltd was selected for the case study, being a leading mining company in Namibia. The Company is the second-largest employer in Namibia, only second to Government, and the country’s largest single taxpayer. In Chapter 4, the study explores the Company’s CSR initiatives and practices to establish the scope and nature of CSR at NAMDEB. The study then seeks to determine the approach adopted by the Company in implementing CSR, and how it aligns with global approaches and practices. The main conclusions of the study and recommendations to the Company are laid down in Chapter 5. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aanvang van globalisering het ‘n groot verskuiwing veroorsaak aangaande die besigheidspraktyk van belangstellendes, hul besigheidsprioriteite, verantwoordelikhede en ‘n heel nuwe betekenis vir volhoubare ontwikkeling. In die verlede was volhoubare ontwikkeling meer gemoeid met die omgewing, veral die beskerming van sekere ekologiese belange deur middel van meer verantwoordelike besigheidspraktyke. Oor die jare het die konsep van volhoubare ontwikkeling soveel verander en gee nou ook gelyke aandag aan ekonomiese, ekologiese sowel as sosiale belange. Die verskuiwing in besigheidsprioriteite en verantwoordelikhede het die belang van korporatiewe-sosiale verantwoordelikhede (KSV) verhoog, of te wel die oordeelkundige bydrae van korporatiewe hulpbronne vir sosiale-, omgewings en ekonomiese ontwikkeling, soos deur die studie gedefineer. Die praktyk van KSV het ook mettertyd ontwikkel – van eenmalige, willekeurige filantrofiese donasies, na ‘n meer strategiese benadering wat nasionale sowel as korporatiewe objektiewe met KSV inisiatiewe inskakel. Deesdae is KSV ‘n item op agendas van baie wêreldwye korporasies, en gevolglik is die studie se doel om die konsep van KSV te eksploreer en te ontleed om sodoende dit beter te verstaan. Die doel van die studie is om KSV en sy dinamika beter te verstaan asook die omvang van KSV te NAMDEB Diamand Korporasie, en om vas te stel hoe KSV te NAMDEB met huidige wêreldwye benaderings en uitvoerings inskakel. Dié word bereik met ‘n analitiese studie van KSV literatuur, ‘n eksplorasie van die regering se verwagting van die private sektor aangaande KSV, en met die ondersoek van NAMDEB se KSV inisiatiewe en praktyke. In Hoofstuk 2 word die betekenis van KSV eksploreer en gedefineer. Hierop volg ‘n bespreking oor die geskiedenis, tendens, benaderings en uitvoering van KSV. Die hoofstuk beeld ook wêreldwye inisiatiewe wat relevant is tot KSV en volhoubare ontwikkeling. Die literatuur oorsig word deur Hoofstuk 3 gevolg, wat die regering se verwagting van die private sektor in terme van dié se ondersteuning en betrokkenheid by die sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling in Namibie eksploreer. NAMDEB is vir hierdie gevalstudie geselekteer omdat dit ‘n leidende korporasie in die mynwese van Namibia is. Die Maatskappy is die tweede grootste werkverskaffer in Namibie, naas die regering, en is ook die grootste enkel belastingbetaler in die land. Hoofstuk 4 kyk na die Maatskappy se KSV inisiatiewe en praktyke om sodoende die omvang en natuur van KSV té NAMDEB te bepaal. Die studie probeer verder om die benadering wat deur NAMDEB aangeneem is met die implementering van KSV te bepaal en hoe dit met wêreldwye benaderings en praktyke inskakel. Die hoofafleidings van die studie en voorstelle oor KSV aan die Maatskappy word in Hoofstuk 5 bespreek.

This final thesis deals with the individual planning of child protection and safeguarding in the Czech Republic. It describes individual aspects of this type of planning. It specifically explains the concept of individual planning and it also describes the client in the process and its legislation. Futhermore, it focuses on social and legal protection of children and their workers. This final work subsequently reflects these points also in ethical view. The used phenomenons as freedom, responsibility, conscience and subsidiarity are also described here. The final thesis is divided into theoretical analysis and interview with the client and a social worker.

1 Principle of flexicurity in legal regulation of transfer of rights and obligations from the employment-law relations Abstract In her PhD thesis, the author deals with the legal regulation of transfer of rights and obligations arising from employment-law relations in the Czech Republic, in the context of the European union law, from the point of view of the concept of flexicurity in the employment-law relations. This concept includes, on the one hand, elements of flexibility in the realization of employment-law relations, and, on the other hand, security (protection) of employees in these relations which is manifested in particular by the transfer of rights and obligations from their employment-law relations to the new employer itself. At present, when changes in the employers' organizational structure, transfers of activities or tasks, mergers, the purchase of a business or a business lease, but also so called outsourcing, insourcing, and change of suppliers are becoming more and more common in companies, the issue of change of the employer, and consequently, safeguarding and protection of the rights of employees, in particular safeguarding of their employment-law relations, is becoming more up to date. Protection of employees' rights during the transfers of undertakings and businesses is one of the...

The work puts mind to juvenile delinquency focused on proceeding at law about juvenile offenders and precautions that can be enjoined to children younger than 15 years if they commit a fort. It is also engaged in institutions who work with these offenders and describe their possibility of theirs care. The first part of the work deals with statistical data about situation of children´s criminality in 2007 and its development since 1989. It also characterizes some special features of criminal activity of children and basic factors that influences delinquent behavior of a child. It attends to a discussed topic of lowing the age limit of criminal liability. The most important part of the work contains some information about mentioned proceeding at law about juvenile offenders and enjoined precautions. It describes some institutions where the child can be send and describes other possibilities of institutions such as police, school, welfare centre headed by parole officer, educational-psychology service or mental home. It goes into a family, law precautions in it. It speaks about voluntary programs that attend to work with delinquent children. The end of the work describes some more ways from foreign countries of help of juvenile delinquents.

No description available.

The basic mission of the police is to prevent crime and disorder and this translates into measuring police efficiency by the absence of crime and disorder rather than the visible actions taken to deal with crime and restore the violated order. For almost two centuries now, crime prevention has been understood and approached as the core responsibility of the police as they are the active partners who are responsible to activate the community who is the passive partner towards crime prevention. Recently there are scholars, police scientists and researchers who are of the view that the police cannot prevent crime so crime prevention should not be the core function of the police. The study gives a detailed analysis of the proponents and opponents of crime prevention as the core function of the police. This analysis has been provided in the context of the origin of policing through to the modern era in policing in an attempt to find out for which purpose the police had been established for. This is done in order to track down whether the initial purpose for which the police had been established for has changed in modern policing, with the ultimate aim of affirming or negating the proposition by some of the proponents of crime prevention as not the core function of the police, who are of the view that crime prevention should no longer be the core function of the police, as used to be the case.The arguments and counter arguments on whether crime prevention is the core function of the police or not, as well as the response from the selected countries were analyzed. The golden thread that runs through the eras of policing is that crime prevention is and has always been the main function of the police. The relative ease of measuring police performance by reactive activities in comparison with proactive activities seems to indicate that the police might focus more working on these measurable activities as compared to crime prevention activities that could go unnoticed. / Police Practice / D. Litt. et Phil. (Police Science)

In her PhD thesis, the author deals with the legal regulation of transfer of undertaking (and the passage of the employees' rights and obligations it involves) and the frequent collective redundancy related to such transfers. Both sets of provisions dealing with these topics are embodied in the Czech Labour Code and are harmonised with the EU directives pertaining to these fields, specifically Council Directive 2001/23/EC of 12 March 2001 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the safeguarding of employees' rights in the event of transfers of undertakings, businesses or parts of undertakings or businesses (originally, Council Directive 77/187/EEC of 14 February 1977 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the safeguarding of employees' rights in the event of transfers of undertakings, businesses or parts of businesses) and Council Directive 98/59/EC of 20 July 1998 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to collective redundancies. The two directives mentioned above were already transposed to the Czech Labour Code in 2001 by means of an amendment adopted under No. 155/2001 Coll. As regards the rules governing collective redundancies, it can be stated, in substance, that the original regulation of 2001 remained unchanged and...

Le patrimoine culturel ne s’arrête pas aux monuments et aux collections d’objets. Il comprend également les traditions ou les expressions vivantes héritées de nos ancêtres et transmises à nos descendants ; ce qu’on appelle le patrimoine culturel immatériel. L’importance de ce patrimoine ne réside pas tant dans la manifestation culturelle elle-même que dans la richesse des connaissances et du savoir-faire qu’il transmet d’une génération à une autre. Cette transmission du savoir a une valeur sociale, économique, culturelle et juridique pertinente pour les groupes minoritaires et majoritaires et pour le monde entier. Le choix des techniques de protection internationale est directement lié aux objectifs poursuivis par l’UNESCO. Au-delà du texte de la Convention de 2003 et d’autres instruments internationaux adoptés par l’UNESCO, il peut être utile d’aborder plus largement les solutions juridiques de sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel. L'objet de notre étude consiste à analyser l’action normative en matière de patrimoine culturel immatériel en mettant la lumière sur sa définition, les normes internationales relatives à sa protection, ainsi que sur la question de l’effectivité et de l’efficacité internationale de la sauvegarde de ce patrimoine. Pour conclure, les résultats de l’action normative et d’effectivité n’échappent pas à notre analyse. Il s’agit d’évoquer enfin la possibilité de mettre en place une feuille de route pour une meilleure protection à l’avenir. / Cultural heritage doesn't only include monuments and the collection of objects. /cultural heritage is about more than monuments or the collection of objects. It, also, includes the traditions or the modern inherited expressions from our ancestors and transmitted to our descendants, what we call the intangible cultural heritage. The importance of this heritage doesn't reside so much in the cultural demonstration itself, but in the richness of knowledge, and the know-hows that are transmitted from one generation to another. This transmission of knowledge has social value, economical, cultural and legal relevance for minority groups, as well as for the main social groups, and is also, important for the world. The choice of the techniques used for international protection is linked directly to the objectives pursued by the UNESCO. Beyond the text of the 2003 convention and other international agreements adopted by the UNESCO, it can perhaps be useful to tackle more widely the legal solutions of the intangible cultural heritage. The aim of our study consists of analysing the normative action concerning the intangible cultural heritage in placing the light on the definition of the intangible cultural heritage as well as the international standards important to its protection and also in tackling the question of effectivity and efficiency of the international protection of this heritage. In conclusion, the results for the normative action and effectivity do not escape our analysis. It is, in the end about the possibility of putting in place a plan for the protection of a better future.

La ricerca affronta il tema del crescente spazio che la considerazione del patrimonio culturale immateriale ha acquisito nel panorama mondiale a partire dagli ultimi decenni, in particolare dal 2003, quando l’UNESCO ha stilato la Convenzione per la salvaguardia del patrimonio culturale immateriale. Oltre a ripercorrere le tappe storiche che nel XX secolo hanno condotto a tale risultato, esso traccia un ancora poco esplorato parallelismo - formale e teorico - tra l’evoluzione del concetto di patrimonio immateriale e lo sviluppo delle forme dell’arte contemporanea a partire dal secondo dopoguerra fino ad oggi. Tale tematica interessa anche il museo e una lettura della sua storia più recente mette in luce le conquiste e le difficoltà conseguenti l’accoglienza di manifestazioni immateriali all’interno delle collezioni. Tale aspetto viene avvicinato anche con gli strumenti dell’estetica fenomenologica, che contribuiscono a valutare possibili future azioni museologiche e museografiche nei confronti del patrimonio immateriale, nella direzione di un maggior rispetto della collezione e di un migliore coinvolgimento dei vari pubblici. Il contributo si sofferma altresì ad approfondire alcuni aspetti dell’architettura contemporanea, della didattica museale e dell’utilizzo delle nuove tecnologie in ambito museale valutandone utilizzi positivi o al contrario poco adeguati per una seria e fruttuosa valorizzazione del patrimonio immateriale. / This PhD dissertation deals with intangible cultural heritage and museums. An increasing interest in intangible heritage has been arising in the world in these last years, especially since 2003, when UNESCO drew up the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage. A detailed historical review shows the steps which brought to this attainment; a formal and theoretical parallelism between intangible heritage and contemporary art is outlined too. A study on the very recent history of museums allows to underline the difficulties museum encounters in collecting intangible heritage. It’s possible to think about new museological solutions thanks to the contribution of aesthetics: the thought of phenomenology helps in finding ways to respect the collection and to involve the publics. The dissertation also deals with the contemporary architecture of museums, with museum education and with the use of new technologies in museums: some uses are bad, others are good and useful for the communication of intangible cultural heritage.