The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of Same-Language Subtitles (SLS) on the subject-specific comprehension and the academic literacy levels of EAL students on the Vaal Triangle Campus of North-West University (NWU). Essentially, the study aimed to determine whether exposing students studying through English as an Additional Language (EAL) to subtitled lectures (live or recorded lectures) would help improve their comprehension of the academic content as well as their receptive academic literacy skills, compared to students who were not exposed to subtitled lectures. This study stems from the identification of an academic performance-related issue on the Vaal Triangle Campus of NWU. Indeed, campus statistics show that the throughput rate of EAL students remains low, and that these students‟ academic literacy levels are inadequate. In other words, EAL students on this campus are underachieving and seem to have difficulties in mastering academic English. Based on various studies that showed SLS to be a valuable tool in terms of learning and academic literacy, this study proposed to introduce SLS (both live via respeaking and offline) in the university classroom as a learning aid, thus optimising the time students spend in lectures. Very little information was available in South Africa on the impact of SLS on the subject-specific comprehension of EAL students in a tertiary academic context. Furthermore, it had been anticipated that a certain number of technical constraints were likely to be encountered during the empirical investigation. These two factors made it difficult to predict what other factors could influence the outcome of the study. As a result, the study was based on the principle of Action Research, a research method characterised by the fact that the research is carried out in as many cycles as may be necessary in order to achieve the optimal conditions for a specific intervention. Three cycles were necessary to reach the optimal design of the present study so that a confident conclusion could be made regarding the impact of SLS on comprehension and academic literacy. For each cycle, the intervention was carried out over an academic semester. In the first cycle, a test group composed of EAL first-year Economics students was exposed to live SLS via respeaking during class, while a control group (also composed of EAL first-year Economics students) attended the same class at a different time, without SLS. In the second cycle, the live SLS via respeaking were replaced with offline SLS. The intervention was taken out of the regular classes and was carried out in the context of practical revision classes scheduled specifically for the purpose of the intervention. The test group viewed subtitled videos of lectures, while the control group viewed videos without subtitles. After each viewing, all participants were required to complete a short comprehension test. This cycle was also conducted in first-year Economics. The basic design of the third cycle was similar to that of the second cycle, but for the fact that the intervention took place in the context of a Psychology module, which, unlike the Economics module, was taught without the lecturer making use of slides. After these three research cycles were completed, it could be concluded that offline SLS indeed have a positive impact on the subject-specific comprehension and the receptive academic literacy skills of EAL students in a tertiary academic context. This conclusion was supported by the following findings: 1. The first research cycle pointed towards a slight, but statistically insignificant benefit in terms of both comprehension and academic literacy. However, at this stage of the empirical investigation, the technical constraints made it difficult to draw a precise conclusion in that respect. 2. In the second research cycle, the SLS seem to have had a significant impact on the receptive academic literacy skills of the test group, compared to the control group. However, no such impact could be noted in terms of subject-specific comprehension. This was attributed to the presence of a confounding variable, namely slides used during the lectures. This once more made it impossible to draw a confident conclusion regarding the impact of SLS on comprehension. 3. The third research cycle made a more confident conclusion regarding the impact of SLS on subject-specific comprehension possible. Indeed, the results of the statistical analyses show that the test group performed significantly better in their semester test (covering the work done in all the recorded lectures) than the control group, which was not exposed to any videos at all. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that SLS in their offline form have a positive impact on the subject-specific comprehension and the receptive academic literacy skills of EAL students in a tertiary academic context, specifically if the students are given sufficient time to get used to the mode. This study seems to indicate that the benefits of SLS for comprehension can be recorded provided that students are exposed to the intervention over a longer period of time. However, there may be further scope for refinement as far as this study is concerned. It is therefore important that the topic be investigated further. / MA, Language Practice, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012

Interactions of children and adults in two child care groups were observed and examined. Each group was observed as a same-age multiple caregiver group and eight months later as a multi-age constant caregiver group. Twenty indicators were used to evaluate positive interactions. Analysis showed positive interactions occur in multi-age constant caregiver groups. Multi-age constant caregiver groups enhance the interest of caregivers in children and promote development and interaction of language between caregivers and peers. This study indicates a multi-age constant caregiver group is an alternative to meet the needs of young children by increasing and enhancing positive interactions with caregivers and peers.

Pendant longtemps sujette aux influences littéraires empruntées, la littérature mauricienne francophone a mis du temps pour trouver ses marques. Inspirée de la littérature romantique issue de Bernardin de Saint-Pierre avec notamment Paul et Virginie, elle va graduellement se frayer un chemin dans le long parcours – aux sinuosités souvent dangereuses – de son processus de maturation. Par conséquent, l’enfant (re)découvre les potentialités qui sont en lui et fait éclater l’univers d’enfermement qui l’a jusqu’à présent emprisonné. Ne se pliant plus aux exigences des périodes littéraires qui ont marqué l’île - notamment celles coloniale, pré-indépendance et post-indépendance - l’enfant émerge moins en tant que perpétuation du jeu de mimétisme qu’en tant qu’être en devenir. La littérature contemporaine sera un creuset entre métissages et panachages linguistiques comme dans un but de s’éloigner le plus possible de l’authentification de la redite. L’enfant renaît ainsi des cendres de l’univers initial romantique pour atteindre une autonomie réelle tant dans son individualité que dans son rapport avec le monde qui l’entoure. / Long subjected to external literary influences, the Mauritian francophone literature took its time before leaving its own mark. It was inspired by the romantic literature of Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, namely with Paul and Virginia, and gradually made its way on the long – and often tortuous – road to maturity. Hence, the child rediscovers the potential within and destroys the shackles of the universe that had so far held him captive. No longer caving into the influences of the island’s various literary eras – namely colonial, pre-independence and post-independence – the child emerges not so much as a continuation of past influences as his own blossoming being. Contemporary literature hence becomes the crucible between linguistic mixes and interbreedings, as if to create the greatest possible gap with the authentification of repetition. Thus, the child is reborn from the ashes of the original romantic universe, and blooms to reach real autonomy in his individuality as well as his relationship with the world around him.

This Master's Thesis approaches the phenomen of upbringing of children by lesbian and gay couples. It deals with primary school teachers' attitude to the question of homosexuality and homoparentality. In the theoretical part, the issues such as family, gender, gender role and identity are introduced. Thereafter the work is focused on the concept of gay and lesbian families, the legal aspects of homoparentality and the possible approach to parenting by the same-sex couples. The thesis also presents some of the realized researches into homoparentality. Part of these studies covers a potentional influence of upbringing by same- sex parents on child's development. Second part comprises the researches focused on parental experience of gays and lesbian women. The last chapter of theoretical part deals with the conception of homosexuality and education at schools. The aim of the practical part is to find out what the attitude of primary school teachers to homosexuality and homoparentality is really like, whether and how these topics are taught and how the attitude of teachers is reflected in teaching/lessons. Keywords: homosexuality, homoparentality, same-sex family, gay parenthood, lesbian parenthood, registered partnership

Les trois premières années de fonctionnement de l'expérience ATLAS au LHC, aux résultats fructueux, ont ouvert l'accès à la physique à l'échelle du TeV. Les travaux effectués dans ce contexte ont porté à la fois sur des aspects de performance (reconstruction des électrons) et d'analyse (recherche de nouvelle physique). La première partie est consacrée aux mesures in-situ des efficacités de reconstruction et d'identification des électrons. La méthodologie employée pour réaliser ces mesures dans les données est présentée en détails ainsi que les méthodes développées pour l'estimation du bruit de fond résiduel. La deuxième partie traite de la recherche de Supersymétrie dans les événements avec deux leptons (électrons ou muons) de charges identiques, accompagnés de jets et éventuellement d'énergie transverse manquante, basée sur l'ensemble des données collectées par ATLAS en 2012 (soit 21 fb-1 à sqrt{s}= 8 TeV). Ces états finaux sont particulièrement appropriés à la recherche de gluinos ou de squarks de troisième génération. Les principaux aspects de l'analyse sont décrits, notamment les méthodes d'estimation des différents bruits de fond. L'absence d'excès dans les régions de signal par rapport aux prédictions du Modèle Standard est interprétée en termes de limites sur les masses des superpartenaires, dans le cadre de modèles aux spectres de masse simplifiés. Ainsi, dans les modes de désintégrations étudiés, l'existence de gluinos de masse inférieure à 1 TeV, ou de sbottoms de masse inférieure à 500 GeV, est exclue. / The first three years of operation of the ATLAS experiment at LHC, with fruitful results, have opened the way to physics at the TeV scale. The work realized in this context included some performance aspects (electron reconstruction) as well as analysis (search for new physics). The first part is devoted to in-situ measurements of electron reconstruction and identification efficiencies. The methodology employed to perform these measurements in data is presented in details, as well as the methods developped for estimating the residual background. The second part deals with a search for Supersymmetry in events with two leptons (electrons or muons) of identical charges, together with jets and in some cases missing transverse energy, based on the whole dataset colledcted by ATLAS in 2012 (namely 21 fb-1 at 8 TeV). These final states are particularly adapted to searches for gluinos or third generation squarks. The main aspects of the analysis are described, in particular the methods used to estimate the various backgrounds. The absence of excess in the signal regions with respect to the Standard Model predictions is interpreted in terms of limits on the masses of superpartners, in the frame of models with simplified mass spectra. Thus, in the studied decay modes, the existence of gluinos with masses below 1 TeV or sbottoms with masses below 500 GeV is excluded.

No description available.

In just over one year since United States v. Windsor— the case invalidating sections of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) that defined marriage, for purposes of federal statutes, as the “union of man and woman”— more than a dozen states have had their same-sex marriage bans ruled unconstitutional. This suggests a shift in legal meaning; previously successful arguments against same-sex “marriage” now seem irrational as argumentative ground has shifted. Since favorable rulings redefine “marriage” to include same-sex unions, this thesis analyzes Kitchen v. Herbert, a 2014 legal opinion from the United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit, to understand the rhetorical processes underpinning its redefinitional act. That analysis draws on Kenneth Burke’s theories of entitling and constitutions and discusses the rhetorical concepts of terministic screens, casuistic screens, scope and circumference as key features of the rhetoric of the legal opinions. The findings call for a balancing of deconstructive and conventional approaches to legal discourse. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The thesis is called Emmanuel Lévinas Ethics and its aim is to explain the ethical concept of this original French philosopher. The first part of the thesis is focused on important influences that were important for Lévinas' philosophical work. The next part of the thesis deals with dialogical personalism as a philosophical direction into which Lévinas is most often classified. The third and most important part deals with the motives that led Lévinas to the elaboration of his ethical theses and subsequently parts of these theses are processed. It turns out that the basic aspect of his theory is the social relationship of the 'I' with the Second, through which the path to transcendence leads .Lévinas' conception is considered as a sort of ethical turn in philosophy and can be considered as a return to man. Properly conceived ethics based on respect, Levinas considers being "prima Philosophia".

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCIO ROBERTO JORGE FILHO.pdf: 662481 bytes, checksum: 90991728737b3a8aab0dc77e2d933cd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-25 / In Brazil it is common find in the farms the presence of slave labor or same kind of very debasing conditions, that why the study of this question is actual and necessary. Of course we don t accept slave labor or same kind of very debasing conditions, because freedom is included in the core of the human rights, which represents the minimal conjunct of rights for a honorable live. With this ratiocination, the State must interfere in the society in order to guarantee the dignity and the liberty of the rural workers, whoever the instruments to active the objective should be used in harmony whit the fundamental property right. This is the way that this monograph develops, analyzing the effectiveness of the instruments of intervention in property, the collision of liberty and the property. / No Brasil é comum encontrar em imóveis rurais a utilização de mão de obra escrava ou em condições análogas à escravidão, por isso o estudo desta questão se mostra atual e necessário. É verdade que não se aceita a utilização de trabalho escravo ou em condições análogas em qualquer hipótese, pois a liberdade está inserida dentro do núcleo central de direitos humanos, que representa um conjunto mínimo de direitos para viver dignamente. Realmente, o Estado deve exercer um papel ativo como garantidor da efetividade da liberdade e dignidade dos trabalhadores, entretanto, é preciso esclarecer que os meios e instrumentos de intervenção na sociedade não podem ser utilizados de maneira arbitrária e em descompasso com o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Nesse sentido o desenvolvimento desta dissertação se desenvolve, analisando a efetividade dos meios de intervenção do Estado na propriedade privada sob o ponto de vista da colisão do Direito Fundamental à Liberdade e o Direito Fundamental à Propriedade Privada.

O presente trabalho tem por escopo analisar a possibilidade de aplicação, nos processos coletivos, dos atuais institutos do Direito de Processual Civil, criados para solucionar os problemas decorrentes da relação entre demandas intersubjetivas, i.e., conexão, continência, litispendência e coisa julgada. Devido às características intrínsecas dos interesses metaindividuais, a propositura de mais de uma demanda coletiva, por diferentes legitimados ativos, todas com efeitos erga omnes e objeto indivisível, pode levar à prolação de comandos contraditórios, com desdobramentos no plano prático, podendo gerar situações insustentáveis - especificamente nos conflitos ambientais, dado o caráter difuso do bem tutelado. Diante das peculiaridades dos processos coletivos, o legislador e os operadores do direito podem optar por um de dois caminhos: adotar o sistema tradicional ou inovar. O presente trabalho propõe a inovação, a modernização, a adequação, a adaptação, enfim, a flexibilização dos institutos processuais clássicos - sem a pretensão de formular qualquer resposta definitiva. As inovações aqui propostas iniciam-se pelo próprio conceito de identidade de ações, perpassando por uma releitura dos elementos objetivos da demanda (pedido e causa de pedir), com foco no bem jurídico tutelado e no resultado prático visado pelos processos. Na seqüência, os institutos conexão, continência, litispendência e coisa julgada são revisitados, adaptando-se às necessidades da jurisdição coletiva. Em suma, o trabalho conclui que a transposição, sic et simpliciter, dos institutos processuais clássicos voltados à relação entre demandas individuais para o plano da jurisdição coletiva não é cabível, sendo necessário flexibilizar e modernizar algumas figuras, com vistas a impedir que a mesma situação de fato receba tratamentos diferenciados em duas ou mais demandas. Tudo em prol da efetividade do processo coletivo e dos princípios da economia processual, da isonomia e da certeza das relações jurídicas. / The scope of this study is to analyze the possibility of applying, in collective lawsuits, the current tools of the Civil Procedural Law, created to solve problems arising out of the relation between inter-subjective claims (i.e. same cause of action, encompassing lawsuit, collateral estoppel and res judicata). Due to the intrinsic characteristics of the meta-individual interests, the proposal of another collective claim, by different parties, all with erga omnes effect and indivisible object, may lead to the issuance of contradictory orders, affecting its practical aspect, and possibly generating unsustainable situations ? specifically in environmental conflicts, due to the public nature of the matter. Given the peculiarities of collective claims, legislators and Law operators may decide to adopt either the traditional system, or innovate. This paper proposes innovating, updating, adequating and adapting the classical procedural tools ? with no intention of reaching a definitive answer. The innovations proposed herein start by the identity of action concept itself, revisiting the objective elements of the claim (pleading and cause of action), focusing on the core of the matter and on the practical result sought by the lawsuits. Subsequently, tools such as same cause of action, encompassing lawsuit, collateral estoppel and res judicata are also revisited, adapting to the needs of collective jurisdiction. In short, this study concludes that transferring, sic et simpliciter, the classic procedural tools regarding the relations between individual claims to the collective jurisdiction is not possible, being necessary to adapt/update some concepts, so that the expected result is reached, preventing the same situation in fact is treated differently in two or more claims (on behalf of the effectiveness of the collective lawsuit and of the principles of the procedural economy, the isonomy and the certainty of the legal relations).