Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-06-07T17:21:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Lidiane Cristina da Silva Alencastro.pdf: 4433237 bytes, checksum: f2dd0dc5eaa48da0f7841e4bf56ca597 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-06-08T16:55:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Lidiane Cristina da Silva Alencastro.pdf: 4433237 bytes, checksum: f2dd0dc5eaa48da0f7841e4bf56ca597 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-08T16:55:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Lidiane Cristina da Silva Alencastro.pdf: 4433237 bytes, checksum: f2dd0dc5eaa48da0f7841e4bf56ca597 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / CAPES / Introdução: O aumento de todas as formas de violência constitui-se, atualmente, um fenômeno mundial, representando um grande desafio para a saúde pública. Especificamente em relação à violência “estrito senso” (violência intencional), os adolescentes são considerados vulneráveis, tanto na condição de vítima como de agressor. Objetivo: Analisar a ocorrência e as características da violência sofrida e exercida por adolescentes escolares de Cuiabá-MT. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com adolescentes do ensino médio da rede pública de ensino de Cuiabá-MT. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se questionário fechado e autoaplicável. Os dados foram processados pelo programa Epi-Info, aplicando-se o teste de qui-quadrado para análises bivariadas. Resultados: Foram investigados 2.786 adolescentes, dos quais 44,4% (1.236) se envolveram em situação de violência. Destes, 36,9% (456) somente vítimas, 27,0% (334) apenas agressores e 36,1 (446) tanto como vítimas quanto agressores. Entre os adolescentes em situação de violência (1.236), grande parte se declarou de raça parda, na faixa etária de 16-17 anos e no primeiro ano do ensino médio. Entre os adolescentes na condição de vítima (456), houve predomínio do sexo feminino (69,5%). O tipo predominante de violência entre as vítimas foi o bullying e a violência física. O grupo de 12-13 anos sofreu abandono e bullying; de 14-17 anos sofreu mais bullying; de 18-19 anos mais violência física. Os pais e o namorado exerceram mais violência física, os colegas perpetraram mais o bullying, os amigos da família praticaram mais violência sexual e membros de gangue e desconhecidos/outros exerceram mais ameaça. A violência física, sexual, moral, ameaça, o abandono e o testemunho ocorreram com maior frequência, 1 vez, enquanto o bullying e o cyberbullying de 2 a 4 vezes, a psicológica de 5 a 10 vezes e a negligência e o trabalho infantil se manteve continuamente. Na residência do adolescente foi praticada mais violência física; na casa de parentes mais a violência sexual; na escola houve mais bullying e na rua ameaça. A maioria da violência cessou, com exceção do abandono e negligência. Já entre os adolescentes que exerceram violência (334), houve predomínio do sexo masculino (59,6%) e 99,7% não respondeu qual foi o tipo de violência exercida. Os meninos agrediram mais colegas seguidos de desconhecido/outros, enquanto as meninas exerceram mais violência contra os colegas seguido do irmão; a violência permaneceu, com maior proporção, por mais de 2 anos; os meninos exerceram mais violência na escola e na rua e as meninas na escola e em sua própria residência; o grupo de 14-15 anos e de 18-19 anos perpetraram mais violência na escola e na rua, enquanto os adolescentes de 16-17 anos praticaram mais atos violentos na escola e em sua própria residência. Para este grupo, a violência havia cessado em 49,4% dos casos. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de medidas de prevenção e enfrentamento da violência, tanto sofrida como exercida, na adolescência. Vale ressaltar que os adolescentes agressores, assim como as vítimas, requerem cuidados e atenção, para que o ciclo da violência seja interrompido, e assim, minimizar e combater as situações de violência. / Introduction: The increase of all forms of violence is now a worldwide phenomenon, representing a major challenge to public health. Specifically towards violence "strict sense" (intentional violence), teens are considered vulnerable, both in condition of victim and aggressor. Objective: examining the occurrence and characteristics of violence suffered and exerted by school teenagers from Cuiaba-Mato Grosso, in 2012. Methods: cross-sectional study, with high school teenagers from public schools of Cuiabá-MT. For data collection was used questionnaire closed and self-applicable. The data were processed by the Epi-Info program, applying the Chi-square test for bivariate analyses. Results: 2,786 teenagers were investigated, of whom 44.4% (1,236) became involved in situation of violence. Of these, 36.9% (456) only victims, 27.0% (334) only aggressors and 36.1% (446) as both victims and aggressors. Among adolescents in situations of violence (1236), largely declared being dark skin, aged 16-17 and in the first year of high school. Among teenagers in condition of victim (456), there was a predominance of females (69.5%). The predominant type of violence among the victims was bullying and physical violence. The Group of 12-13 years old suffered neglect and bullying; of 14-17 years old suffered more bullying; of 18-19 years old more physical violence. The parents and the boyfriend exerted more physical violence, colleagues have perpetrated more bullying, friends of the family practiced more sexual violence and gang members and unknown/others exercised more threat. The physical, sexual, moral violence, threat, abandonment and the testimony occurred more frequently, once, while bullying and cyberbullying fromtwice to 4 times, the psychological 5 to 10 times and the neglect and child labor remained continuously. At the residence of the teenager was practiced more physical violence; in the house of relatives more sexual violence; at school there were more bullying and on the street, threat. Most of the violence had ceased, with the exception of abandonment and neglect. Already among the teens who exercise violence (334), there was a predominance of males (59.6%) and 99.7% did not answer what was the type of violence. The boys assaulted more colleagues followed by unknown/other, while girls have more violence against colleagues followed by the brother; violence remained, with highest proportion for more than 2 years; the boys exercised more violence at school and on the street and the girls at school and in their own residence; the group of 14-15 years old and of 18-19 years old perpetrated more violence at school and on the street, while adolescents of 16-17 years old practiced more violent acts at school and in their own residence. For this group, the violence had ceased in 49.4% of cases. Conclusion: the results point to the need for measures to prevent and fight against violence, both suffered as exercised, in adolescence. It is worth noting those aggressor teenagers, as well as the victims, require care and attention, so that the cycle of violence is stopped, and thus, minimize and combat situations of violence.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GustavoL.pdf: 3954243 bytes, checksum: f0ec49226348afb2051543fed2f9bb14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Bullying is a collection of aggressive, intentional and repetitive attitudes that occur with no clear motivation, adopted by one or more students against one or more others, causing the victim pain, distress and suffering, and consequently leading to psychological problems. The objective of this study was to examine the kinanthropometric variables, body self-image and social status of students characterised as victims, aggressors/victims and aggressors with regard to bullying, based on the opinion of classmates, a questionnaire and researcher observation. The work was carried out with 337 students in the 6th. year of primary education in a public sector school in Greater Florianópolis, SC (Brazil). Assessment took place at three time points, first with application of silhouette and body image perception scales, secondly with kinanthropometric examination, and thirdly with the application of diagnostic techniques for bullying, by means of the questionnaire on violence among peers (Freire et al., 2006), a sociometric scale created by the author of the present study, and researcher observation. Statistical analysis involved Analysis of Variance with post-hoc Tukey, Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests to identify differences between those students involved in bullying and correlations with Pearson and Spearman coefficients, p= 0.05 being accepted as significant. The incidence of students involved in bullying was 28.3%, with 14.1, 4.3 and 9.8 % of these victims, aggressors/victims and aggressors, respectively. Those involved were found to be significantly different in morphological and motor terms and in their status position within the school group. There was no difference among those involved in relation to perceived and ideal self-image, although it emerged that both the victims and the aggressors/victims would like to be physically larger, and that on average the aggressors were more satisfied with their body image. A correlation (r= 0.354; p= 0.010) was found between being involved in bullying and attitudes of bad behaviour and poor school performance. In some subjects in the school curriculum the grades measuring academic performance were more satisfactory for the victims (F= 4.645; p= 0.014). Finally, the profile of the victims presented lower values and levels for total body mass, lean mass, height, posture, physical aptitude especially in the tests that assessed physical strength, and the relationships that measure social status, in relation to the aggressors. We conclude that significant differences exist in kinanthropometric aspects and social status between victims and aggressors involved in bullying in the school environment. / O bullying é um conjunto de atitudes agressivas, intencionais e repetitivas, que ocorrem sem motivação evidente, adotado por um ou mais alunos contra um ou outros, causando dor, angústia e sofrimento a vítima, gerando como conseqüência, problemas psicológicos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo averiguar se as variáveis cineantropométricas, auto-imagem corporal e status social dos alunos com característica de vítimas, agressores/vítimas e agressores de bullying, a partir da indicação dos colegas de classe, questionário e observação do pesquisador. A pesquisa foi realizada com 337 alunos da 6° série do ensino fundamental de uma escola da rede pública da Grande Florianópolis- SC (Brasil). A avaliação foi realizada em três momentos, no primeiro com a aplicação das escalas de silhueta e percepção da imagem corporal. Em segundo, avaliação cineantropométrica, e em terceiro, aplicação das técnicas para diagnóstico do fenômeno bullying, através do questionário da violência entre pares de Freire et. al (2006), a escala sócio- métrica criada pelo autor deste estudo, e a observação do pesquisador. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando os testes de Análise de Variância com Post-Hoc de Tukey, Qui-quadrado, Kruskal-Wallis para indicar a diferença entre os alunos com envolvimento bullying e correlações com coeficiente Pearson e Spearman sempre adotando um p= 0,05. A incidência foi de 28,3% de alunos envolvidos neste fenômeno, sendo que 14,1; 4,3 e 9,8 por cento destes eram vítimas, agressores/vítimas e agressores respectivamente. Constatou-se que os envolvidos diferenciaram-se estatisticamente em termos morfológicos, motores e na posição de status no grupo escolar. Não houve diferença entre os envolvidos em relação à autoimagem percebida e a ideal, mas encontramos que tanto as vítimas quanto os agressores/vítimas, gostariam de serem maiores fisicamente, e que em média os agressores estão mais satisfeitos com sua imagem corporal. Encontrou-se uma correlação (r= 0,354; p= 0,010) entre estar envolvido em bullying e atitudes de mau comportamento e baixo desempenho escolar. Em algumas disciplinas do currículo escolar as notas que medem o desempenho acadêmico indicaram valores mais satisfatórios para as vítimas (F= 4,645; p= 0,014). Por fim o perfil das vítimas apresentou uma massa corporal total, massa corporal magra, estatura, envergadura, aptidão física principalmente nos testes que avaliam a força física e nas relações que medem o status no meio social com valores e níveis inferiores em relação aos agressores. Conclui-se que existem diferenças significativas entre vítimas e agressores envolvidos com bullying no ambiente escolar nos aspectos cineantropométricos e status social.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:09:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1355952 bytes, checksum: 4940ed38e125ca6a7bf080d97533de3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Considering the acquisition of knowledge as something that occurs throughout life, the present dissertation investigates the role of internet learning in teachers (planned or unplanned) continuing learning for the management of school violence. It does so to find out if knowledge acquired through internet helps teachers manage violence at school and, if so, how it helps. To answer these questions, we analyze the knowledge acquired by four public school teachers in the city of João Pessoa. They all participated in the program "Escola que Protege" during the year 2010. The research method was qualitative and the data were collected through semi-structured interviews. They were totally transcribed and analyzed from the perspective of discourse analysis (BARDIN, 1977) and in the light of the literature on computer-mediated education (PRIMO, 2003; LÉVY, 2007; LITTO; FORMIGA. 2009; CASTELLSs, 2010, etc.). We raised categories which allowed us to describe pedagogical practices and teachers continuous learning. The results show that the teachers use the internet almost daily, to socialize, to search for information, to plan lessons, and that knowledge is acquired through the use of the network. The participants consider computer mediated interaction necessary for their work, which requires constant study. The internet is used for different reasons, but its use is not necessarily directed to the acquisition of strategies to manage school violence; the participants see school violence as an outcome of their home education. This argument brought us to the understanding that participants are not strongly motivated to intervene and to manage conflicts and to learn strategies to tackle these phenomena. As a consequence of these findings, we recommend that teachers use the internet as a tool to interact, to find and to provide support by creating: virtual free instruments for continuing learning such as blogs, social networks and virtual forums, sites in which scientific and pedagogical information can be found, and spaces for the exchange of ideas. By doing so they would contribute to the increase of the knowledge and to the improvement of the training in school conflict management, even beyond their professional world. We also believe that it is possible and necessary to develop some social skills (especially those related to distant interaction and communication) that can give support to teachers in the task of teaching how to live in society. / Considerando o processo de aquisição do conhecimento como um algo que ocorre ao longo da vida, nesta dissertação investigamos a aprendizagem pela internet na formação docente continuada (planejada ou não) para a gestão da violência na escola, a fim de descobrir se os saberes adquiridos através da internet auxiliam docentes a gerir a violência na escola e, em caso positivo, como isso ocorre. Para obter respostas a tais questões, analisamos, à luz da revisão da literatura sobre a educação mediada por computador (PRIMO, 2003; LÉVY, 2007; LITTO; FORMIGA. 2009; CASTELLS, 2010, entre outros), os saberes adquiridos por quatro professoras da rede pública do município de João Pessoa, participantes do Programa Escola que Protege durante o ano de 2010. O método de pesquisa foi qualitativo, os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas, transcritos literalmente e submetidos a análise de enunciação (BARDIN, 1977). Na análise, levantamos categorias para descrição das práticas pedagógicas e da formação continuada das professoras. Os resultados apontaram que as docentes utilizam quase cotidianamente a internet, para relações sociais, buscas de informações, planejamento de aulas e novos aprendizados adquiridos pelo uso da rede. As participantes consideram ser a interação mediada por computador necessária para seu trabalho, que requer constante estudo e atualização dos acontecimentos diários. Evidenciou-se, assim, o uso da internet pelas professoras para diferentes finalidades, sem que, todavia, as aprendizagens fossem dirigidas à formação para a gestão da violência, haja vista as participantes conceberem que as causas da violência na escola estão na falta de educação doméstica. Esse argumento levou-nos a entender que, com essa concepção, provavelmente as participantes isentam-se da tarefa de intervir e, por consequência, estão menos motivadas a gerirem conflitos e a aprenderem habilidades relativas à gestão desses fenômenos entre os quais a violência. Tais resultados levaram-nos, nas considerações finais a recomendar, usando a internet como suporte e lugar de interação, a criação de instrumentos virtuais livres que concorram para a formação continuada, como blogspots, redes sociais e fóruns virtuais, sites em que informações científicas e pedagógicas, além de espaço para discussões, trocas e debates, possam circular, contribuindo para uma ainda incipiente e precária formação para a gestão dos conflitos na escola a partir do uso que, mesmo fora do mundo profissional, já é tão motivador. Pensamos também ser possível e necessário o desenvolvimento de algumas habilidades sociais (sobretudo as relativas à interação e à comunicação a distância) que deem suporte a docentes na tarefa de ensinar a conviver.

Thesis (MTech (Education))--Peninsula Technikon, 2003 / Teaching and Learning cannot take place in an unsafe environment. The school plays a central role in the socialisation of a child and it is critical that schools offer a safe environment in which learning can take place. This study attempts to investigate school stakeholder perceptions of the Safe Schools Programme of the WCED and its impact on the learning environment of one primary school in the Mitchell's Plain district. The study as a whole is set against the research literature on crime and violence in schools. The literature surveyed covered the following aspects: (I) What constitutes crime and violence in schools; (2) The effects of crime and violence on the school environment; and (3) Approaches to reducing crime and violence in schools. This research project is a case study of school stakeholder perceptions of the Safe Schools Programme of the WCED as implemented in one primary school. Qualitative research techniques were employed and data was collected by means of individual semi-structured interviews with the acting principal and the safety officer of the school. A focus group interview was held with a group of educators and support staff members. Learners were excluded from the study as the aim was to determine the perceived impact of the Safe Schools Programme on the learning environment at the school. Primary school learners may perhaps not be able to articulate their views on the issue under research. Parents were not included in this research process but could be a valuable source of data for future research.

The media visibility and perception of school violence have grown in unequal proportion to the studies on the same phenomenon is also verified in other forms of violence. The lack of studies is one of the major criticisms of sociologists, historians, anthropologists and philosophers. While recognizing this imbalance between the visibility and studies on violence, when performing the survey on the subject of studies in schools in Brazil, found that there is a growing interest in the subject. It was not this knowledge, however, which mobilized me to such a study, but my experience as a Portuguese teacher in the Public Education Network in Municipal Elementary School Dr. Carvalho Neto Novo Paraíso district, in the west of Aracaju city . There are few issues to be addressed as difficult as the educational violence, starting with the very definition of violence that leads to a very varied world of sense, since the term is used for very different purposes and proceeds from various orientations. The object of this research is to understand the representation of violence in the production of textual genres for elementary students of Dr. EM Carvalho Neto and analyze the recurrence with the theme of violence that appears in their textual productions. The preparation of an investigation of issues such as proposed here requires the choice of methodological procedures well defined for both, the choice of educational institution in question was made as a result of my previous contact with the local reality, which provided Portuguese teacher, since I have worked types there for six years, this is one of the communities with the highest rates of violence in the city. The empirical field of research covered EMEF Dr. Carvalho Neto. In this context, the survey looked specifically at the (as) students (as) the 7th and 8th grade shifts afternoon and evening that produced textual genres whose themes were presented as proposals of writing by (the) teacher (s) and these texts served as the corpus to reflect the central theme of scientific writing, we used non-probability sampling procedure for accessibility, for people who formed the sample were those (those) students and teachers who showed interest in contributing to this study. To perform the study, we used 02 (two) types of methodological procedures: participant observation and questionnaires to (the) teacher (s). As a result of research, it was realized that (the) teachers do not listen to the voices of violence expressed in these texts, students, so do not use this feature to promote culture of peace within and outside the school it. / A visibilidade midiática e a percepção da violência na escola têm crescido em proporção desigual aos estudos sobre a violência escolar, fenômeno também verificável em outras formas de violências. A falta de estudos é uma das importantes críticas de sociólogos, historiadores, antropólogos e filósofos. Mesmo reconhecendo este descompasso entre a visibilidade e os estudos sobre violências, ao ser realizar o levantamento sobre os estudos da temática em escolas no Brasil, constatei que há um crescente interesse no tema. Não foi esse conhecimento, porém, o que me mobilizou para um estudo dessa natureza, mas a minha experiência como docente de Português na Rede de Educação Pública Municipal na Escola de Ensino Fundamental Doutor Carvalho Neto situada no bairro Novo Paraíso, na zona Oeste da cidade de Aracaju. Existem poucos temas tão difíceis de ser abordado quanto o da violência educacional, a começar pela própria definição desse fenômeno que induz a um mundo de sentido muito variado, já que o termo utilizado presta-se a propósitos muito diferentes e procede de orientações diversas. O objeto desta pesquisa é entender a representação da violência nas produções dos gêneros textuais de alunos (as) do ensino fundamental da EM Doutor Carvalho Neto e analisar como o tema da violência aparece nas suas produções textuais. A elaboração de uma investigação acerca de temáticas como aqui proposta requer a escolha de procedimentos metodológicos bem definidos, para tanto, a opção pela instituição de ensino em questão foi feita em decorrência do meu contato prévio com a realidade local, que na condição de professor de português, já atuo ali há seis anos, nesta que é uma das comunidades com os maiores índices de violência do município. O campo empírico da pesquisa abrangeu a EMEF Doutor Carvalho Neto. Neste contexto, o universo da pesquisa contemplou, especificamente, os (as) alunos (as) da 7ª e 8ª séries dos turnos vespertino e noturno que produziram gêneros textuais cujas temáticas foram apresentadas como propostas de produção textual pelos (as) professores (as), e esses textos serviram como o corpus para a reflexão da temática central deste escrito científico; foi utilizado o processo de amostragem não probabilística por acessibilidade, pois as pessoas que compuseram a amostra foram àqueles (as) alunos (as) e professores (as) que demonstraram interesse em contribuir com o presente estudo. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram adotados 02 (dois) tipos de procedimentos metodológicos: a observação participante e a aplicação de questionários aos (às) professores (as). Como resultado da pesquisa, foi percebido que os (as) docentes não escutam as vozes da violência expressas nos textos desses (as) alunos (as), logo, não fazem uso desse recurso para a promoção da cultura da paz dentro da escola e fora dela.

M.Ed. (Educational Management) / Learner violence is and has been a thorny silent issue among learners and teachers as well as part of daily schooling in South African schools before and after the advent of democracy. This epidemic is not only unique in South African schools but the world over including developing and countries where it does not receive necessary attention from both parents of the victims and perpetrators, authorities and with no coverage from the media. The South African government through The Bill of Rights in The Constitution Act 104 of 1996 together with the Department of Education (DoE) through legislation such as South African Schools Act (SASA) 84 of 1996 made provision through School Governing Bodies (SGB) and school managers of ensuring that violence in schools should be managed and be eradicated by means of formulating sound policies with appropriate measures to discipline whoever is found in transgression of good behaviour. However, irrespective of endeavours by authorities to curb these problems, we are still witnessing the serious incidents where learners are committing forms of violence against other learners . This motivated the researcher to explore the experiences and strategies of school principals, in particular public school principals with regard to how they manage learner violence in their schools. In addition, it was of importance to determine the contribution of stakeholders such as parents towards the management of violence in the school as regulated by SASA and what are the impact of violence on learners themselves as observed by principals. The aim was to research incidents of violence in schools, and what are the principals’ experiences and strategies of managing learner violence. A qualitative research method study was used through a semi-structured interview to get in-depth experience and knowledge from identified participants.

The South African Constitution is considered as supreme law. This piece of legislation overrides all others and states in section 28(2): “A child’s best interests are of paramount importance in every matter concerning the child”. This emphasises the significance of the right of the child in South African law, by stating that children are to be protected at all cost. This section of the constitution forms the basis of this thesis with regards to the child and the protections that are to be afforded to them in instances of sexual abuse by educators. In the last several years there has been an increase in the number of cases reported on the sexual abuse, rape, violence and harassment of learners by members of the schooling community. The statistics prove that sexual violence in the schooling system in South Africa is rampant and furthermore indicate that young girls and boys are not as safe as they deserve to be. A teacher or educator is a professional, who is to act in a professional manner at all times – in the course and scope of their employment as educators. When a parent leaves its child at school for the day the educators are acting in loco parentis – in place of parent – thus these children are to be protected, nurtured and cared for in the correct manner. Sexual abuse of a learner by an educator is a gross contravention of South African legislation, the South African Council of Educators (SACE) code of conduct as well as international codes by the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the United Nations (UN) and other conventions. It is therefore fitting that any perpetrator of such violence, disrespect and transgression is to be punished quickly and harshly. Educators who abuse children are to immediately be removed from the school system through dismissal and also be tried criminally. These offenders should also be added to the SACE sexual offenders’ database which needs to be open to the Department of Education (DOE) and more importantly the general public – allowing parents to make the best possible decisions when putting their children in schools, thus ensuring their safety. However, throughout this process the rights of the child are to be protected and regarded with prevailing sensitivity, and their innocence is to be sheltered from any further psychological and emotional harm caused due to the abuse. The South African Professional Society on the Abuse of Children (SAPSAC) argues that a constitutional injunction is powerless to protect a child from being victimised and traumatised by criminal activity.1 All the more should it be incumbent upon the criminal law and criminal procedure and upon the courts, their functionaries and practitioners who regulate its procedure and apply its principles to “protect children from abuse and (to) maximise opportunities for them to lead productive and happy lives … (and to) … create positive conditions for repair to take place”. The thesis that follows, using the principles summarised here, aims to: define sexual abuse of the child, the legal position in South Africa in relation to the sexual abuse of children and case law. Recommendations will then be made and a code of good practice will be established on how to deal with educators who sexually abuse their learners promptly, effectively – without causing any further harm to the child in question.

This study assessed the implementation of learner discipline policies in the Graaff Reinet District in four township Secondary schools. The study arose as a result of the decline of learner discipline in secondary schools. This study is located in the interpretive paradigm and adopted a qualitative research approach in the collection of data. It employed triangulation to collect data and obtained valuable information on the implementation of learner discipline policies. Four township secondary schools in the Graaff Reinet District were purposively selected for the sample in this study. Semi-structured interviews, focus groups of learners and parents Data has revealed that schools were using different strategies to implement learner discipline such as Code of Conduct, Disciplinary hearing, Safety and Security Committee, Educators, Corporal Punishment, Alternative methods to Corporal Punishment and the role parents. Data revealed that there has been no success in implementing learner discipline strategies. There were a number of limitations in implementing policies to maintain learner disciplines which were identified in the study. There were inconsistencies like educators not supervising learners in detention classes, some of the educators were sabotaging the system by not putting into practice the measures and strategies which were put in place to maintain discipline and so forth. The School Management Teams did not capacitate the Representative Council of Learners so as to assist in the monitoring of discipline. The Department of Education is not supportive in the maintenance of discipline in the schools under study in Graaff Reinet District. To address disciplinary problems, the study has the following key recommendations Policies should be crafted by all stakeholders for ownership and there should be collaboration in implementation of those policies.. The Code of Conduct should be issued to all learners at the school at the beginning of the year in the language of preference, with school rules. Learners should know the consequences of transgressing the Code of Conduct. SMTs should adopt different management styles so as to take action against educators who are failing the system of maintaining discipline. Educators should realise that it is their duty to maintain discipline in schools; therefore they should stop complaining about disciplinary problems. Educators should engage the Department of Education to conduct workshops in building capacity of educators to maintain learner discipline. Schools should establish partnerships with other sister Departments such as SAPS, Social Development, Correctional Services, Health to, maintain learner discipline.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Among the various ways to understand the school violence, currently has been highlighting a specific form called bullying. Conceptually, the bullying is defined as a repetitive violence, physical or psychological, may be direct or indirect, that is established in an unequal relationship of power between pairs, producing negative consequences to the target. In the present study is an approximation of this phenomenon with homophobia and bullying one of the forms of manifestation of that prejudice within schools. Given this, the present study had as general objective to analyze the bullying on young people from public schools of Aracaju, as well as the relationship of their demonstration with homophobia. Attended 808 young with an average age of 14.9 years (SD = 1.98), from 9 State schools of the city of Aracaju-SE. the procedure of data collection occurred in schools, in a collective way and during a period of class assigned by the teacher. The collection was divided into two steps: (1) delivery of Term of free and Clarified Consent (TFCC) to students and explanation of the research; (2) the next day, returned to collect the TFCC signed by responsible and application of the questionnaire. Among the participants, the majority were female (57%), Browns (52%) and claimed to belong to any religion (93%). The instruments used were a questionnaire of bullying, homophobia and the general health questionnaire (GHQ). For data analysis was descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicated that, among the participants, 32% self-identified as targets of bullying, 12% authors, 22% and 34% authors targets only witnesses. Homophobia has been described between the targets as responsible for 9% of the cases of bullying only among boys this percentage represented 22% of the cases; and 2% among girls. It was observed that the Group of authors of bullying, homophobia, scores are more differentiating statistically (p < 0.05) of the target groups. In addition, it is noticed that bullying interferes with the psychological well-being of the subjects, being the target groups-authors and targets participants with lower well-being, differentiating statistically. / Entre as diversas formas de se compreender a violência escolar, atualmente vem se destacando uma forma específica denominada bullying. Conceitualmente, o bullying é definido como uma violência repetitiva, podendo ser física ou psicológica, direta ou indireta, que é estabelecida em uma relação desigual de poder entre pares, produzindo conseqüências negativas para o alvo. No presente estudo é feita uma aproximação desse fenômeno com a homofobia, sendo o bullying uma das formas de manifestação desse preconceito no âmbito escolar. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar o bullying em jovens das escolas públicas de Aracaju, bem como, a relação de sua manifestação com a homofobia. Participaram 808 jovens com idade média de 14,9 anos (DP = 1,98), oriundos de 9 escolas da rede estadual da cidade de Aracaju-SE. O procedimento de coleta de dados ocorreu nas escolas, de forma coletiva e durante um período da aula cedido pelo professor. A coleta foi dividida em duas etapas: (1) entrega dos Termos de Consentimentos Livre e Esclarecidos (TCLE) aos alunos e explanação sobre a pesquisa; (2) no dia seguinte, retornava-se para recolher os TCLEs assinados pelos responsáveis e aplicação do questionário. Dentre os participantes, a maioria foi do sexo feminino (57%), pardos (52%) e afirmou pertencer a alguma religião (93%). Os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário de bullying, escala de homofobia e o questionário de saúde geral (QSG). Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e inferencial. Os resultados indicaram que, entre os participantes, 32% se definiram como alvos de bullying, 12% autores, 22% alvos/autores e 34% somente testemunhas. A homofobia foi descrita entre os alvos como responsável por 9% dos casos de bullying somente entre os meninos essa porcentagem representou 22% dos casos; e entre as meninas 2%. Observou-se que o grupo de autores de bullying, apresentam maiores escores de homofobia, se diferenciando estatisticamente (p < 0,05) dos grupos de alvos. Além disso, percebe-se que o bullying interfere no bem-estar psicológico dos sujeitos, sendo os grupos de alvo-autores e alvos os participantes com menor bem-estar, diferenciando estatisticamente dos demais.

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