Shalom Schwartz invented the theory of Basic Human Values in 1987 – based on a study in which the quantitative data he collected, had been organised within an obscure manner. His theory has been validated and positioned as the universal way all individuals organise their values on a personal and cultural level, and has been researched in over 70 countries. South African researchers have however found significant challenges in replicating Schwartz's model within this multi-cultural society, and have ascribed the difficulties to ‘unintended item biases' within Schwartz's measurement instruments. This has been observed when utilising two different measurement instruments, as well as when further assessing ‘finer' sub-value types. A viable quantitative trend in utilising non-verbal assessment techniques has emerged, but has not been adapted for adults yet. In addition, Schwartz's theory has largely only been explored from a quantitative perspective, since its inception in 1987. Only four qualitative studies could be traced within Values-research which all highlighted a different way values were constructed and ordered, through utilising psycho-lexical research methodology. This type of research methodology does not necessarily highlight the effect of socio-economic and educational disparities within its participant's constructions, which Schwartz' highlighted a possible effect within South African research efforts. This study utilised a Social Constructionist approach known as Foucauldian Discourse Analysis to assist in deconstructing the ecology of values-talk from South African participants' linguistic expressions. Four focus group discussions were conducted across four different racial groups (White; Black; Indian and Coloured), as a means for unlocking the different discourses which govern the different ways in which South Africans ‘talk' about personal values. The analysis uncovered five different discourses which were activated and replicated throughout discussions – when constructing values which embraced participants socio-economic and educational positions. These discourses seemed to function in a complimentary and opposing nature at times, depending on the value being discussed. These constructions were compared to Schwartz's Basic Human Values model, and similarities and differences in constructions were discussed. In addition, the research findings were scrutinised to see how they could inform future qualitative research efforts to further explore how Schwartz's Basic Human Values model is ‘lived'. Finally, the study discusses its limitations and various considerations researchers would need to employ, when considering applying non-verbal assessment methodology within an abstract topic like values. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Human Resource Management / MCom / Unrestricted

Für nur wenige Derivate existiert eine Formel zur Preisbestimmung in geschlossener Form. Gerade bei der Bewertung von Optionen amerikanischen Typs muss daher oft auf numerische Verfahren zurückgegriffen werden. Eines dieser Verfahren ist die Monte-Carlo-Simulation. Obwohl andere Methoden, wie das Binomial Model von Cox, Ross und Rubinstein1, im Kontext einfacher Optionen genauere Ergebnisse in kürzerer Zeit liefern, erfreut sich die Monte-Carlo-Simulation aufgrund ihrer flexiblen Anwendbarkeit und der guten Handhabung hochdimensionaler Probleme, in der Praxis großer Beliebtheit.

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Transparency within the supply chain has become a key priority for textile brands in response to the growing stakeholder concerns around social and environmental impacts of the textile value chain. Textile industry is extremely labour dependent and adds massively to the environmental degradation, adding on to this the highly complex and scattered global supply chain network makes it more difficult for brands to implement transparency in their supply base. Due to the low-cost labour in developing countries, the majority of the textile suppliers is located in South Asia, where the cultural values have been found to be in sharp contrast to the Global West. Many prior studies have also highlighted the lack of supplier’s top management support as the linking barrier to sustainable initiatives. Hence, this research was designed to investigate the behaviour and attitude of top management executives towards various transparency dimensions, i.e., Traceability, Sustainability conditions (Social and environmental) and Purchasing practices, in order to understand the underlying behavioural barriers. The semi-structured interview with 9 top management executives across India and Sri Lanka revealed three major themes: (a) Transparency as business imperative, (b) Distrustful relationship with brand and (c) Tendency to externalise responsibility. The Schwartz theory of cultural orientation was used to examine the role of cultural value in explaining the identified behaviour of top management executives.

In 1943 occupied Yugoslavia became the scene of ferocious fighting on a large scale as axis forces launched two major anti-guerrilla operations, codenamed “Weiss” and “Schwartz”, in an all-out effort to put an end to the Yugoslav communist resistance. Despite the axis being massively superior in material terms, sometimes even outnumbering their opponents by six to one, both operations ended in failure as the partisans managed to fight their way out of the German trap. Scholarly research concerning these operations almost exclusively aims to explain their outcome by examining German mistakes, while far lessresearch has been conducted with the intent of examining the outcome of the operations from a partisan perspective. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the partisan success during these operations can be explained by them using the set of methods of force employment which Stephen Biddle calls “the modern system”, and thereby make a first attempt at explaining the outcome of the operations on the tactical and operational level from a partisan point of view. The result of this study shows that the partisan success indeed can be explained by Biddles theory, at least to some extent, but that a more comprehensive study would need to be conducted to fully verify these claims. The study has thus fulfilled its purpose and provides a small but important contribution to the scholarly debate upon which further research can be conducted concerning the partisan successes during 1943.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the hard $S$-matrix for QED and QCD, due to Hannesdottir and Schwartz [1], both recreating known results, and finding new results in lower dimensions. Electrons by themselves are not gauge invariant, and in the massless limit do not give finite $S$-matrix elements for individual processes; one needs to add together seemingly arbitrary combinations of diagrams in order to be able to calculate the scattering cross-section. One remedy is to exchange the bare electron for a dressed state, or equivalently to include the dressing in the $S$-matrix itself. This gives rise to a formalism in which one needs only consider time cuts of an individual diagram in order to find finite $S$-matrix elements. The main result of this thesis is the examination of the results which are found by Hannesdottir and Schwartz in a model system of fewer dimensions. This may be of use for toy model calculations in QCD, where 2+1-dimensional QED better models certain phenomena than does 3+1-dimensional QED.

Illegal work - performance of work outside the basic employment relationship Abstract The topic of this diploma thesis is illegal employment according to the provisions of § 5 letter e) point 1 of Act No. 435/2006 Coll., on employment, as amended. The thesis deals exclusively with the fulfillment of the definition of illegal work by performing work outside the employment relationship, ie situations where there is either a concealment of dependent work, its performance without a valid employment contract or the performance of work on examination. The main goal of this work is to connect the field of employment with the field of administrative punishment and thus gain comprehensive knowledge about illegal work and its punishment. The thesis provides a detailed analysis of the current legislation on illegal work and links its wording with selected case law, thus creating a comprehensive overview of the issues addressed. This diploma thesis is divided into four main chapters. In the first part, the graduate focuses on the definition of the terms dependent activity and dependent work, which are necessary for understanding the issues of work outside the employment relationship. The second part of this work describes in detail the possibilities of fulfilling the definition of illegal work, while its important...

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I denna studie presenteras forskning om 90-talisters attityder till ekologisk hållbarkonsumtion. Studien är skriven utifrån ett kvalitativt angreppssätt där datainsamlingen har skett genom två fokusgrupper, en med män och en med kvinnor. Syftet är att undersöka 90-talisters attityd till ekologisk hållbar konsumtion och besvaras genom tre frågeställningar. De två första frågeställningarna berör motiv och ansvar för ekologisk hållbar konsumtion och den tredje är en jämförelse mellan kön. Analysen grundar sig i ett teoretiskt ramverk med Schwartz grundläggande värderingar och Locus of Control. Studiens resultat visar att 90-talisters attityder till ekologisk hållbar konsumtion i allmänhet är positiv och komplex. De värderingar som framkom i diskussionerna tar uttryck i motiv som pris, smak, hälsa och omvärldsrelaterade motiv. Attityder till vem som har ansvaret till att utveckla en ekologisk hållbar konsumtion skiljer sig mellan individerna men de är överens om att situationen är komplex och svår att reda ut. Några av deltagarna vill att staten eller företagen ska ta tag i problemet medan andra anser att de själva som individer har ett stort ansvar. Vissa attityder och värderingar skiljer sig mellan männen och kvinnorna, men i bådagrupperna finns olika argument och det går inte att dra direkta slutsatser mellan könen. Gemensamt för båda grupperna är att de själva anser att de saknar kunskap om vad ekologiskhållbar konsumtion innebär. Denna studie bidrar med en viss förståelse för hur 90-talister ser på ekologisk hållbarkonsumtion och vad de anser krävs för att utveckla en hållbar konsumtion. För att få ett mergeneraliserbart resultat skulle en kvantitativ studie rekommenderas till framtida forskning. / This study presents research on 90's generation’s attitudes to organic sustainable consumption. The study is written from a qualitative approach where data has been collected through two focus groups, one with men and one with women. The purpose is to examine the attitude of the 90’s generation to organic sustainable consumption and will be answered by three questions. The two first questions concerns the motivation and responsibility for organic sustainable consumption and the third is a comparison between gender. Analyzes are based on a theoretical framework with Schwartz Theory of Basic Values and Locus of Control. The results of the study shows that the attitudes to organic sustainable consumption are generally positive and complex. The values that emerged in the discussions expresses motives such as price, taste, health and environmental motives. Attitudes toward who is responsible to develop an organic sustainable consumption differs between the respondents, however they understand that the situation is complex and difficult to solve. Some of the participants believes the state or companies should deal with the problem, while some believe it is themselves as individuals who has the responsibility. Some attitudes and values differ between men and women, but there are different arguments in both groups and direct conclusions cannot be drawn between the genders. Both groups believe they have a lack of knowledge about what organic sustainable consumption means. This study contributes to a certain understanding of the 90’s generation view on sustainable consumption and what they consider necessary to develop a sustainable consumption. In order to achieve a more generalizable result, a quantitative study would be recommended for future research. This study is written in swedish.

Submitted by Luiz Claudio Batista (lc-batista@uol.com.br) on 2012-10-05T03:23:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versao Final_pós defesa_pdf entregue a biblioteca_02out12.pdf: 620277 bytes, checksum: 8c8ffd467e21196bf167b71ec092a9f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2012-10-24T17:30:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Versao Final_pós defesa_pdf entregue a biblioteca_02out12.pdf: 620277 bytes, checksum: 8c8ffd467e21196bf167b71ec092a9f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-10-30T18:26:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Versao Final_pós defesa_pdf entregue a biblioteca_02out12.pdf: 620277 bytes, checksum: 8c8ffd467e21196bf167b71ec092a9f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-30T18:26:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Versao Final_pós defesa_pdf entregue a biblioteca_02out12.pdf: 620277 bytes, checksum: 8c8ffd467e21196bf167b71ec092a9f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-30 / This research investigates the motivational profile of employees members of a large brasilian financial institution, embedded in demographic cohort referred to as 'Generation Y' (Y's). This profile was compared to that of employees belonging to other age groups in the same institution. To support research, was used bibliography about generational cuts - focusing on Generation Y - and different views on the subject of motivation, as well as debate the importance of knowing the motivational profile of these employees to adequate formulation of motivational labor strategies. Secondly, for this analysis the research seeks to aid in the psychological contract work theory. The Scale Values Schwartz (Schwartz Value Survey), in its PVQ - Portrait Value Questionnaire version, was used in collecting research data, aiming investigate most relevant motivational types for Y's and their cohorts, allowing so draw a motivational profile of each demographic group. Based on the collected sample, the study concludes there is no statistical evidence on the existence of differences in motivational profile between generations within the organization researched. / A presente dissertação investiga o perfil motivacional de empregados de uma grande instituição financeira brasileira, inseridos no corte demográfico designado de 'Geração Y' (Y’s). Tal perfil foi comparado ao de empregados pertencentes a outros grupos etários da mesma instituição. Para dar suporte à pesquisa, o referencial teórico analisa os cortes geracionais – com enfoque na Geração Y – e diferentes visões sobre o tema da motivação, bem como debate a importância do conhecimento do perfil motivacional desses empregados, para uma adequada formulação de estratégias de motivação laboral. Secundariamente, para essa análise a pesquisa busca auxílio na teoria do contrato psicológico de trabalho. Na coleta de dados da pesquisa foi utilizada a Escala de Valores de Schwartz (Schwartz Value Survey), em sua versão PVQ – Portrait Value Questionnaire, com o objetivo de prescrutar os tipos motivacionais mais relevantes dos Y’s e seus cohorts, permitindo-se, com isso, traçar um perfil motivacional de cada grupo demográfico. Com base na amostra coletada, o estudo conclui que não há evidência sobre a existência de diferenças no perfil motivacional, sob o ponto de vista estatístico, entre os cortes geracionais dentro da organização pesquisada.