Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

TITLE: Developing handwriting in a multicultural environment AUTHOR: Jana Kolafová DEPARTMENT: Primary Education Department SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Jan Voda, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: This thesis aimed to determine early development of handwriting in multicultural environment. The theoretical part investigates Czech and English writing systems, school scripts, curricular documents, instructional methods and identifies today's trends in developing handwriting in language comparison. In addition, it provides conceptual models of bilingual learning, specific linguistic features of both languages as well as their role in biliteracy and its acquiring. The main purpose of the empirical part was to answer the question: How do students acquire handwriting in Czech and English language when attending bilingual school. 2-year-long research was based on collecting handwritten works of first graders and their later qualitative analysis. The findings revealed how to connect and support two different methodology worlds of early handwriting and defined problems the students face when acquiring handwriting bilingually. KEYWORDS: developing handwriting, bilingual school, literacy, school scripts

L’immersion au sein des organisations ouvre à l’étude et à l’analyse de l’action collective. La thèse que nous défendons s’inscrit dans cet axe de recherche et tente de proposer une lecture processuelle de l’assimilation de dispositifs de gestion innovants.Un dispositif de gestion est par définition à large spectre : concrétisant l’action organisée en règles, objets et outils ; tout en en retenant les dimensions abstraites et non formalisées.L’analyse proposée est le fruit d’itérations entre concepts et repères théoriques retenus et observation empirique du contrôle de gestion appliqué aux banques au Maroc. Nous explorons en premier lieu les mutations profondes qui refaçonnent les systèmes bancaires et ouvrent à l’exploration des déterminants de la mise en place du contrôle de gestion au sein des banques. Le recours aux théories institutionnelles dans leurs développements nouveaux ancrent la recherche dans une analyse multi-niveau et non dissociée du phénomène. A la lumière de ces repères théoriques et conceptuels, s’entame une phase d’étude empirique approfondie dans une démarche qualitative d’étude de cas multiple (trois banques sont observées). La discussion des résultats aboutit à la proposition d’une grille de lecture décrivant le processus par lequel l’intégration progressive d’instruments de gestion – innovation managériale par les organisations du champ conduit à l’institutionnalisation de scripts se concrétisant, au sein de ces mêmes organisations, en l’ancrage de dispositifs différenciés. / Direct involvement in organizations allow for the study and the analysis of collectiveaction. Our thesis work follows this research process and attempts to propose aprocedural lecture of the implementation and integration of innovative managementdevices. Evidently, a management device has a broad spectrum: concretizing organizedaction rules, objects and tools, while retaining an abstract not formalized dimensions.The proposed analysis is the result of iterations between theoretical concepts andempirical observations of management control applied to banks in Morocco. We explorefirst the profound changes that are reshaping the banking systems that allow exploringthe determinants of the implementation of management control within banks. The use ofnew developments in institutional theories orients our analysis into a multi-level andnon-dissociated phenomenon. In light of these theoretical and conceptual references, thein-depth empirical study of a qualitative multiple case study (three banks are observed).The discussion of the results led to the proposal of a framework describing the processby which the gradual integration of management tools by the field’s organizations led tothe institutionalization of scripts embodying, within these same organizations, widerangingmanagement devices.

O acometimento pelo câncer de mama é acompanhado por diversos eventos estressores, que provocam uma série de mudanças imprevisíveis e não escolhidas na vida da mulher que está em tratamento, bem como na dos familiares envolvidos, podendo alterar a dinâmica relacional e a sexualidade. Algumas das preocupações comuns entre as pacientes são: o medo da morte que a doença suscita, o sentimento de inutilidade, a perda dos vínculos afetivos e, especialmente, a mutilação da mama, que é símbolo da feminilidade, sexualidade, erotismo, maternidade e identidade. No cenário do tratamento e da reabilitação, a enfermeira exerce papel importante no cuidado da mulher adoecida. Por essa razão, é relevante indagar como a profissional percebe as questões da sexualidade na assistência. Este estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório teve por objetivo investigar os significados atribuídos à sexualidade e se (e como) essa dimensão é contemplada na prática profissional de enfermeiras (os) que cuidam de mulheres com câncer de mama. Participaram da pesquisa 31 enfermeiras e um enfermeiro, com experiência profissional em oncologia variando de dois a 25 anos de assistência a pacientes com câncer de mama, oriundos de diferentes instituições e contextos de saúde, de caráter público e privado: ambulatórios, enfermarias, centrais de quimioterapia, radioterapia e atendimento domiciliar. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizadas entrevistas em profundidade, abertas e não diretivas. A entrevista teve como questão disparadora: Como você coloca a sexualidade na sua prática profissional? e foi apoiada em um guia de escuta, proposto em estudo similar desenvolvido com enfermeiras francesas. Esse recurso foi adaptado às características das participantes brasileiras. O corpus da pesquisa foi constituído pelas entrevistas audiogravadas e posteriormente transcritas na íntegra e literalmente. O material foi submetido à análise de conteúdo temática, com o propósito de construir as unidades de significado, que permitiram a formação das categorias temáticas. Os dados foram interpretados com apoio do referencial teórico dos roteiros (scripts) sexuais de Gagnon e Simon. Os resultados foram organizados em três eixos temáticos, conforme a predominância nos três níveis de interação: (1) Cenários culturais: a sexualidade como ato sexual e aspecto a ser medicalizado; a sexualidade como prerrogativa de jovens; a sexualidade associada à imagem corporal e autoconceito; a sexualidade que surge no paradoxo vida-morte e a sexualidade como decisão médica. Contemplam também as relações de gênero, em que o cuidado é direcionado conforme o gênero, as diferenças de gênero no adoecer, a violência de gênero, o gênero normativo para o casal e as barreiras culturais que os profissionais encontram na abordagem da sexualidade. (2) Roteiros interpessoais: compostos pela interação entre os atores sociais, modos de comunicação e estratégias de cuidado à sexualidade. São quatro formas de comunicação, que envolvem diretamente os relacionamentos e condutas interpessoais entre profissionais e pacientes: as questões de sexualidade não são comunicadas no cuidado à paciente; a comunicação com discurso evasivo, de negação da sexualidade no cuidado; a comunicação fragmentada; e a comunicação acolhedora e integrada junto aos familiares e à equipe de saúde. (3) Roteiros intrapsíquicos ou da subjetividade da enfermeira: neste nível a pessoa é protagonista de suas condutas, fazendo uso de sua identidade nos encontros com as pacientes, priorizando seu mundo psíquico para operacionalizar as ações de cuidado nos cenários de saúde. Neste estudo elencamos os principais significados que os profissionais da enfermagem outorgam à dimensão da sexualidade, como uma representação pessoal e coletiva que circunda o grupo de enfermeiras. Esses significados se alicerçam em roteiros sexuais advindos em parte de suas vivências no grupo pessoal e no familiar, e em parte de sua formação acadêmica, ancorada no modelo biomédico de cuidado e na medicalização da sexualidade. Como contribuição potencial, espera-se que este estudo possa suscitar novos conhecimentos na interface da sexualidade e dos cuidados em oncologia, favorecendo a capacitação de enfermeiras e de outros profissionais da equipe, de modo a contemplar as questões da sexualidade na produção dos cuidados em saúde. / Breast cancer is accompanied by various stressful events that lead to a series of unpredictable and undesirable changes in the lives of women undergoing treatment and in the lives of the family members involved, potentially altering the dynamics of life and sexuality. The disease raises some concerns that are common among patients, such as fear of death, a sense of worthlessness, and loss of affective bonds, but mainly in regard to the mutilation of the breast, an important symbol of femininity, sexuality, eroticism, maternity and identity. Nurses play an important role in the treatment and rehabilitation of these patients. For this reason, it is important to ask how these professionals perceive issues concerning sexuality in care delivery. This qualitative, descriptive and exploratory studys aim was to investigate meanings assigned to sexuality and whether (and how) it is addressed in the professional practice of nurses providing care to breast cancer patients. Thirty-two nurses (one of whom was male) with professional experience in oncology, ranging from two to 25 years, in delivering care to breast cancer patients in different institutions and health contexts, both in public and private facilities, outpatient clinics, nursing wards, chemotherapy and radiotherapy centers, and homecare, participated in the study. Open and directed in-depth interviews were used to collect data. The following guiding question was used: How do you address sexuality in your professional practice? grounded on a listening guide, proposed in a similar study conducted by French nurses, and adapted to the characteristics of the Brazilian participants. The studys corpus was composed of recorded interviews that were transcribed verbatim afterwards. Data were submitted to thematic content analysis to construct meaning units that enabled identifying thematic categories. Data were interpreted according to the theoretical framework of sexual scripts proposed by Gagnon and Simon. The results were organized into three thematic axes according to their prevalence in the three levels of interaction: 1) Cultural scenarios: sexuality as sexual act and an aspect to be medicalized; sexuality as a privilege of the young; sexuality associated with body image and self-conception; sexuality that emerges in the life-death paradox; and sexuality as a medical decision. They also includes gender relations in which care is established based on gender, gender differences in illness, gender violence, the normative gender for the couple, and cultural barriers professionals face when addressing sexuality. 2) Interpersonal scripts: composed of interaction among social actors, communication modes, and strategies of care delivery in regard to sexuality. There are four ways of communicating that directly involve interpersonal relationships and conduct between professionals and patients: issues concerning sexuality are not reported to patients; communication with evasive discourse that denies sexuality; fragmented communication; and embracing care integrated with family and the health staff. 3) Nurses intrapsychic or subjective scripts: at this level, nurses are protagonists in their own conduct and make use of their identities during encounters with patients, giving priority to their psychological world to put into operation care actions in healthcare contexts. In this study we listed the main meanings nursing professionals assign to the dimension of sexuality as a personal and collective representation that surrounds the group of nurses. These meanings are grounded on sexual scripts that, in part, arise from their experiences in personal and family groups, and, in part, from their academic training grounded on the biomedical model of care and on the medicalization of sexuality. A potential contribution we expect is for this paper to lead to new knowledge concerning the interface between sexuality and oncological care, favoring the qualification of nurses and other professionals on the staff in order to address issues of sexuality in healthcare delivery.

Orientador: Vania Cristina Pires Nogueira Valente / Banca: Maria Cristina Gobbi / Banca: Maria Ataide Malcher / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta a produção de um roteiro interativo e a produção de um produto audiovisual voltado para a disciplina de artes do curso de educação a distância em pedagogia do Núcleo de educação a Distância da Unesp - NeAD, ligado a Universidade Virtual do Estado de São Paulo - UNIVESP. O roteiro e a produção do conteúdo do produto são baseados nas pesquisas sobre o mercado de dispositivos móveis e portáteis para a Televisão Digital Interativa e as produções de conteúdos audiovisuais voltadas para esses dispositivos. O projeto de conteúdos voltados para a disciplina de artes do curso de EaD do NeAD/UNIVESP promoveu a pesquisa sobre educação a distância no Brasil e os recursos que são utilizados nos Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem. Após essas análises foi realizada a produção, edição, finalização e inserção das aplicações interativas. Como resultado, foi produzido o aplicativo interativo "Reflexões sobre a Arte", disponibilizado aos alunos do curso nas versões web e também para dispositivos móveis, e a aprovação do aplicativo na "Google Play", a loja de aplicativos para smartphones e tablets com o sistema operacional Android. O site permite ao usuário baixar aplicativos pagos ou gratuitos para serem utilizados em dispositivos móveis / Abstract: This academic work performs the production of an interactive script and the production of an audiovisual product toward the discipline of arts from education course distance in pedagogy in the distance Center of education at UNESP - Nead, linked to the Virtual University of Sao Paulo - UNIVESP. The script and production are based on the market analysis for mobile and portable for the Digital Interact Television and devices and production of audiovisual content for these devides. The project of contents for the arts discipline of the course EAD/UNIVESP fomented the research about distance education in Brazil and the resources that are used in Virtual Learning Environments. Pursuant this analysis, it were performed production, editing, finishing, and insertionof interactive applications. The result was the production of an interactive application "Reflections on Art", available to students in versions for web and mobile devices, and the approval of the application "Google Play", the app store for smarphones and tablets with the system Android. The site allows users to download free or paid applications for use on mobile devices / Mestre

Esta dissertação busca investigar processos de escrita audiovisual em que a trilha sonora é um elemento narrativo e dramático construído a partir do roteiro. A pesquisa teórica baseia-se na análise de manuais de roteiro e em guias sobre som no audiovisual. O objetivo desta análise é encontrar as circunstâncias em que a trilha sonora é considerada elemento integrante do processo de escrita de obras audiovisuais. Nossa principal questão é se existem regras e padrões para uma produção de textos que estabeleçam a função do som desde o processo criativo inicial da composição de uma obra audiovisual, considerando a dialética som-imagem. A pesquisa empírica tem como base a leitura analítica de roteiros de filmagem de diferentes autores, visando entender como se descreve ou enuncia a banda sonora em cada um deles. Considerando que roteiros não são a obra final, os escritos analisados são comparados com os filmes já prontos. Nosso objetivo é, por meio desta pesquisa, colaborar para o instrumental teórico e prático a que um roteirista pode recorrer no momento de desenvolvimento de um relato cinematográfico ou audiovisual. / The aim of this research is to investigate screenwriting processes in which the soundtrack is a narrative and dramatic element built from the script. The theoretical research is based on an analysis of script manuals and guides about sound in the audiovisual media. The objective of this analysis is to find the circumstances in which the soundtrack is considered an integral element of the writing process of audiovisual works. Our main question is whether there are rules and standards for the production of texts that establish the function of the sound from the initial creative process of composition of an audiovisual work, considering the dialectics sound-image. Empirical research is based on the analytical reading of scripts by different authors, in order to understand how each of them describes or announces the soundtrack. Whereas scripts are not the final work, scripts are compared with the films. Our goal is, through this research, to contribute to the theoretical and practical resources that a writer can refer to when developing a cinematographic or audiovisual story.

Roteiros de vida são um protótipo de trajetória de vida construído socialmente e com partilhado pelos membros de uma cultura e pode influenciar como indivíduos avaliam experiôncias anteriores e projetam seu futuro. Os participantes (384 brasileiros univcr sitú.rios) responderam quais sete eventos mais importantes acontecerão na vida de uma criança hipotética de sua cultura. A análise mostrou um roteiro de vida com alta coin cidência dos eventos citados, cúrnulo de eventos positivos esperados para acontecer entre 15 e 30 anos, além da predominância. de eventos positivos. Comparando os resultados com estudos realizados na Dinamarca, Estados Unidos: Turquia e Holanda, encontrou se uma estrutura semelhante em todos, mas também diferenças no conteúdo referentes a particularidades culturais O roteiro de vida brasileiro ó mais semelhante ao americano Apenas categorias de eventos relacionadas à morte foram consideradas negativas nessa amostra. Estudos futuros podem investigar variações nos roteiros de vida para diferentes grupos na população. / Life scripts are schcrnatic reprcscntations of the lifc history that are socially built and shared by the members of a cultnre and inflnences the way people evaluate their previons and prcsent cxperiences, and how thcy plan their future, A samplc of 384 Brazillians undergnuinates, answered which seven most important events are expected to happen in the life of a newborn in their own culture. Data showed a life script with an overlap of the evcnts: an a.ccurnulation of positivc cvents cxpected to happen bctween thc 15 and 30 ycars of age, anel a prcdominance of positive cvcnts. Comparing this results with previous international studics took placc in Dcnmark, thc Unitcd Statcs, Turkcy: and the Netherlands, a. similar life script structure wa.s fonnd, as well as some content differences refcrring to particular cultural aspccts The brazillian lifc script is more similar to the anwrican life script Only death related event categories \' :ere considered negative by this sample. Futurc studies may investigatc variations on the life seripts for differcnt groups in the population.

When does a 'continuum' become a divide? My research investigates the genetic relationship between Linear A and Linear B (henceforth LA, LB), two Bronze Age scripts attested on Crete and Mainland Greece and understood to have developed one straight out of the other. By using an interdisciplinary methodology, I integrated linguistic, epigraphic, palaeographic and archaeological evidence, and placed the writing practice in its socio-historical setting. By challenging traditional views, my work has called into question widespread assumptions and interpretative schemes on this relationship. I carried out a systematic assessment of the structural characteristics underlying both systems and a palaeographic examination of their sign inventories. Built on these analyses, I put forward a more fluid model of script development, which takes LA and LB no longer as two separate scripts but as the very same one: the 'Aegean Linear Script'. Over time, this underwent only minimal adaptation when required to meet the needs of another language, arguably in view of the changing socio-political context. This new interpretation is in sharp contrast with the view traditionally held of a strong standardisation process having taken place, which sees LB as mere product of secondary script development. My conclusion has interesting implications not only for the history of the writing tradition on Crete, but also for our appreciation of the contemporary socio-historical context. This view, in turns, opens up new perspectives on the ideology associated with the retention of a script, matters of identity and how identity was negotiated at the very moment when Cretans and Greek-speaking Mainlanders came into closer contact in the Late Bronze Age. I have also noted that in this period the same scenario depicting soft adaptation of motives is witnessed on the side of material culture, displaying meaningful interplay and amalgamation of both Mainland and Cretan traditions.

Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience difficulty in initiating and maintaining social dialogue in multiple settings. This study examined the effects of training multiple social scripts, used in sequence, on the number of conversational exchanges within a social dialogue in four male participants with ASD. A multiple baseline design was used across participants to determine if there was an increase in the number of conversational exchanges within a social dialogue after training. In training sessions, participants learned the scripted conversations and used them to engage in social dialogue. During training sessions, scripts were completely faded for three of four participants. However, none of the participants demonstrated an increase in the number of conversational exchanges during the generalization condition in naturalistic settings. This failure to increase in the number of conversational exchanges in generalization settings could possibly be attributed to one or more of the following: a lack of a discriminative stimulus to cue the use of the script, too many words in the scripts, lack of training on more simple scripts first, and a lack of adequate time to facilitate generalization.

As teachers modify their instruction to meet English Language Arts (ELA) Common Core State Standards (CCSS), how do these modifications influence literacy instruction and learning opportunities afforded to students? While the CCSS standardized objectives for literacy instruction, the enacted curriculum is uniquely shaped by teachers and their students (Coburn, 2001; Datnow & Castellano, 2000; Smagorinsky, Lakly, & Johnson 2002). This study describes how two elementary school teachers in one school: (a) perceived the ELA CCSS and their influence on instruction and the enacted curriculum; (b) adapted and aligned literacy instruction to respond to implementation of the CCSS; and (c) created instruction and literacy learning opportunities influenced by the ELA CCSS. To investigate the rich, nested levels of context in which teachers used the ELA CCSS to construct literacy instruction and learning opportunities for children, I applied a sociocultural framework and Engeström’s third generation Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) model to create a theory-driven description of how teachers approached CCSS implementation and literacy instruction. I analyzed data from interviews, observations, and documents through constant comparative analysis (Charmaz, 2006) to identify activities for CHAT analysis (Yamagata-Lynch, 2010). Findings from this study provide information about the implementation of the ELA CCSS in literacy instruction and the enacted literacy curricula. Findings suggest that multiple levels of context influenced the ELA CCSS implementation, including teachers’ perceptions (Coburn, 2001; Maloch & Bomer, 2012), and that while teachers may teach from a standardized curriculum, the literacy learning opportunities differ in each class (Pacheco, 2010).