No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:31:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_diego_silva_da_silva.pdf: 847370 bytes, checksum: 90471f7041bf3867ac4fbfcf7ad3df29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-02 / The meat of the wild boar has always been regarded noble, possessing a distinctive flavor, and has low fat and cholesterol. These characteristics give the meat a great potential gastronomic, so the commercial breeding boars may be considered a promising market. This study aimed to identify the species of helminths that inhabit the digestive and respiratory tract of Sus scrofa scrofa from commercial breeding. Were collected and individually the digestive and respiratory tracts of 40 wild boars from commercial breeding during the slaughter process in the slaughterhouse. Of the 40 animals analyzed, 87.5% were parasitized by helminths, they being, with their respective prevalence, Trichuris suis (67,5%), Ascaris suum (47,5%), Trichostrongylus colubriformes (45%), which has first recorded parasitizing wild boars, and Oesophagostomum dentatum (5.0%). With respect to the parasites of the respiratory tract, the genus Metastrongylus was recorded in the bronchi and bronchioles in 60% of animals tested, with the occurrence of three species with their respective prevalence, M. apri (52,5%), M. salmi (20%) and M. pudendotectus (7,5%), registering the highest prevalence of Metastrongylus in wild boars from commercial breeding of so far. With the exception of O. dentatum, the other parasites have their first record parasitizing wild boar in a subtropical region. / A carne do javali sempre foi considerada nobre, possuindo um sabor característico e apresentando baixos teores de gordura e colesterol. Tais características conferem a essa carne um grande potencial gastronômico, logo, a criação comercial de javalis pode ser considerada um mercado promissor. O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar as espécies de helmintos que habitam o trato gastrointestinal e respiratório de Sus scrofa scrofa provenientes de criatório comercial. Foram coletados e individualizados os tratos gastrointestinais e respiratórios de 40 javalis oriundos de criatório comercial durante o processo de abate em frigorífico. Dos 40 animais analisados, 87,5% estavam parasitados por helmintos gastrointestinais, sendo eles com suas respectivas prevalências, Trichuris suis (67,5%), Ascaris suum (47,5%), Trichostrongylus colubriformes (45%), o qual é registrado pela primeira vez parasitando javalis e Oesophagostomum dentatum (5,0%). Com relação aos parasitos do trato respiratório, o gênero Metastrongylus foi registrado nos brônquios e bronquíolos de 60% dos animais analisados, com ocorrência de três espécies com suas respectivas prevalências, M. apri (52,5%), M. salmi (20%) e M. pudendotectus (7,5%), registrando-se a maior prevalência de Metastrongylus em javalis oriundos de criatório comercial até o momento. Com exceção de O. dentatum, os demais parasitos têm seu primeiro registro parasitando javalis em uma região de clima subtropical.

No description available.

The topic of this thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part deals with the population of the wild boar in the Czech Republic aiming to analyse its structure and predict its development. It was necessary to carry out various calculations according to Kolář (2014) methods to produce this work. The second part of the thesis deals with the issue of age estimation of hunted wild boar with a focus to Mitchell's methods and its practical use. For purposes of this work these methods were applied to statistically representative sample of wild boar's lower jaws, while using a new ways of visualisation of the dental cement layers.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T12:42:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 tayra_sato_ioc_mest_2014.pdf: 1832340 bytes, checksum: c22f34f0baf47de8b8ef8a83382d0318 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Os insetos estão entre os primeiros e mais importantes invertebrados que colonizam corpos de vertebrados em decomposição. Os ovos e as larvas depositados por esses insetos podem ser utilizados na estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM) através da observação do seu ciclo de desenvolvimento, sendo mais um instrumento para auxiliar peritos e analistas criminais durante investigações jurídicas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a biodiversidade e distribuição temporal de insetos que participam do processo de decomposição, com ênfase nos dípteros (Muscomorpha) em carcaças de porcos domésticos (Sus scrofa L.), em uma fazenda de gado de corte, localizada a 70 km de Campo Grande, em área de cerrado do Mato Grosso do Sul, em duas estações do ano (verão = período chuvoso e inverno = período seco), em três diferentes pontos da fazenda, utilizando armadilha do tipo Shannon modificada, com o intuito de verificar qualitativamente e quantitativamente as principais espécies que participam da decomposição de carcaças e quais as utilizam como substrato de criação de seus imaturos no Cerrado de MS. No total foram coletados 29.463 espécimes identificados e distribuídos em quatro famílias (Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae e Fanniidae) A espécie mais abundante durante as duas estações foi Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) occidua pertencente à família Sarcophagidae. A temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar registradas durante o dia foram semelhantes entre as estações. No verão a abundância de insetos atraídos foi maior que no inverno, no entanto a duração do tempo de decomposição não difere muito entre as estações e nem mesmo entre os ambientes. Esses fatores abióticos não causaram interferência na duração dos estágios e do processo de demposicao das carcaças. Em relação à diversidade, o inverno ficou a frente, apresentando espécies potenciais indicadoras de sazonalidade e ambiente. A única espécie que teve exemplares emerdidos na forma adulta e efetivamente colonizou as carcaças, durante os experimentos, foi Chrysomya albiceps sendo, portanto, o melhor indicador forense nestes experimentos / Insects are among the first and the most important invertebrates which colonize decaying bodies of vertebrates. Eggs and larvae deposited by these insects can be used to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) through the observation of their development cycle. In this way they became one more tool in the assistance to crime analysts and experts during legal investigations. The present work aimed to study the biodiversity and temporal distribution of Diptera (Muscomorpha) on carcasses of domestic pig ( Sus scrofa L.) as well as other insect orders that participate in the decomposition processes of carcasses in a beef cattle farm, located 70 km from Campo Grande , in cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). The collections were made using a Shannon modified trap during two seasons (summer = dry season and winter = wet season) in three different sites of the farm. The insects were captured in order to analyze qualitativ ely and quantitatively the main species that participate in the decomposition of carcasses and which one uses this substrate as the breeding site to their immature. In total 29.463 specimens were collected, identified and distributed in four families (Call iphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae and Fanniidae). The most abundant species during the two seasons was Tricharaea ( Sarcophagula ) occidua that belongs to the family Sarcophagidae. The temperature and relative humidity recorded during the day were similar b etween seasons. In the summer the abundance of attracted insects was higher than in the winter; however the duration of the decomposition process does not differ much between seasons and even between environments. These abiotic factors did not cause interf erence in the duration of stages and the carcasses decomposition process. Winter presented higher levels of diversity of species that are potential seasonal and environmental indicators. The only species that emerged from the carcasses during the experimen ts was Chrysomya albiceps

Angl. resumé

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-01-10T16:57:36Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese - Adriana Marques Faria - 2016 - Parte 01.pdf: 5478875 bytes, checksum: ae9c08d62c1ad44305030954fe0b0a5e (MD5) Tese - Adriana Marques Faria - 2016 - Parte 02.pdf: 16834328 bytes, checksum: 2faf307ee33c6a223a00b491091a66f2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-11T09:54:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese - Adriana Marques Faria - 2016 - Parte 01.pdf: 5478875 bytes, checksum: ae9c08d62c1ad44305030954fe0b0a5e (MD5) Tese - Adriana Marques Faria - 2016 - Parte 02.pdf: 16834328 bytes, checksum: 2faf307ee33c6a223a00b491091a66f2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-11T09:54:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese - Adriana Marques Faria - 2016 - Parte 01.pdf: 5478875 bytes, checksum: ae9c08d62c1ad44305030954fe0b0a5e (MD5) Tese - Adriana Marques Faria - 2016 - Parte 02.pdf: 16834328 bytes, checksum: 2faf307ee33c6a223a00b491091a66f2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The closeness beteween wild and domestic animals with humans may result in common diseases involving these three groups, including zoonotic and antropozoonotic diseases. The study of bacteria and disease that affects animals is an important way to approach epidemiologic control and sanitary vigilance, as we do not understand the roll of wild animals in transmitting diseases among wild, exotic and domestic animals. The main objective of the present study was to search the presence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. from rectal swabs of non-domesticated Suiformes in Commercial herds in Goiás State. It was collected rectal swabs of 100 Sus scrofa scrofa, 60 T. pecari and 30 P. tajacu, from different ages. The samples were used in order to obtain the isolation, antimicrobial profile, hemolisin test for E. coli and virulence and resistance gene presences in both bacteria. The serotyping was performed with polyvalent anti-O serum and the virulence and resistance gene deteccion by PCR technique. The results shown high rates of antimicrobial resistance and virulence and resistance genes in analyzed groups of E. coli. The isolation of Salmonella sp. occurred in one sample of S. scrofa, with high rates of antimicrobial resistance also, but no resistance and virulence genes were detected in this isolate. We must pay attention to the possibility of horizontal gene transference of virulence factors and resistance trough contaminated water and food, that may transform commensal bacteria in possible pathogenic agents. It is conclude: that Salmonella sp. is not commonly isolated from T. pecari and P. tajacu, showing low frequency of isolation in S. scrofa in these conditions; and E. coli with multidrug resistance patterns is isolated from S. scrofa, T. pecari and P. tajacu in commercial herds from Goiás State. / A proximidade de animais silvestres com animais domésticos e seres humanos pode resultar no aparecimento de doenças comuns a estes três grupos, incluindo doenças zoonóticas. O estudo de bactérias e doenças que acometem animais silvestres é importante para atuar na forma de controle epidemiológico e vigilância sanitária, visto que não se compreende o papel destes animais na transmissão de doenças entre outros animais silvestres, exóticos e domésticos. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de pesquisara presença das bactérias Escherichia coli e Salmonella sp. em suabes retais provenientes de Suiformes não domesticados em criações comerciais no Estado de Goiás. Foram colhidos suabes retais de 100 Sus scrofa scrofa, 60 de Tayassu pecari e 30 de Pecari tajacu, de diferentes faixas etárias. À partir do material colhido fez-se o isolamento, perfil antimicrobiano, teste de hemólise para E. coli e detecção de genes de virulência e de resistência das bactérias. Para a detecção dos agentes, foi realizado exame bacteriológico convencional e ensaios de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos. Foi realizadas a tipificação sorológica por teste sorológico com soro polivalente anti-O para a bactéria Salmonella e detecção de genes virulência e de resistência pela técnica de PCR nos isolados. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram altas taxas de resistência aos antimicrobianos e presença de genes de virulência em amostras de E. coli em todos os grupos testados. O isolamento de Salmonella sp. foi possível em uma amostra de S. scrofa, que apresentou também altas taxas de resistência à antimicrobianos, mas não houve detecção de genes de virulência ou de resistência neste isolado. Conclui-se que: nesta condição de criação Salmonella sp. não é isolada comumente de T. pecari e P. tajacu, sendo isolada em baixa frequência de S. scrofa; e que E. coli é isolada de S. scrofa, T. pecari e P. tajacu em rebanhos comerciais do Estado de Goiás, com múltiplos padrões de resistência antimicrobiana.

No description available.

In order to investigate if difference in personality is depended on the teat positions in piglets, Sus scrofa, 63 piglets, from 21 litters, were studied. The piglets were at an age between 9 and 31 days. 3 piglets in each of the 21 litters, one that suckled at an anterior teat, one at a middle teat, and one at a posterior teat, were studied during lactation, undisturbed activity, and introduction to a novel object respectively to new straw. In total thirteen behaviors were recorded. The only significant difference between the teat position were disputes during suckling (P=0.018). There was a tendency of playing during undisturbed activity (P=0.062) between the teat positions. There were significant differences between the litters for every behavior except for inactive piglet lying alone (P=0.108) and when exploring new straw (P=0.584). There is only evidence for behavioral differences for the frequency of disputes during suckling between piglets at different teat positions. A principal component analysis, which accounted for 64.2 % of the variance, suggested four personality traits: exploration (19.2 %), playfulness (17.5 %), interest in food (14.8 %), and interest in straw (10.9 %). However, no significant differences were found for these components for the different teat positions.

The theme of this thesis is "Radiocesium levels in selected game". The aim of the work was to use gammaspectrometric analysis and carry out a measurement of 137Cs content in meat samples of selected game from several locations in the Czech Republic. Thirty samples of muscles from 15 wild pigs were analysed. Samples were taken from 6 locations in Czech Republic. Measurement of the samples was performed in different geometries: Marinelli beakers (500 ml), PE bottles (100 ml) and Petri dishes (10ml). The aim was to compare measured 137Cs activities with published data and within particular locations, compare 137Cs activities in different geometries and assess the importance of radionuclides in the meat from the perspective of food safety. The results showed that in areas of larger fallout after the Chernobyl accident 137Cs in wild pig meat is still possible to measure over limit. Comparing different measurement geometries was found that the Petri dish (10 ml meat sample) can be used as an alternative and acceptable geometry.