Denna studie syftade till att utvärdera effekter av ett webbaserat mindfulness– och medkänslabaserat program (MMSU: mindfulness och medkänsla för stressade unga) på upplevelser av stress och tidsperspektiv. Av 93 unga vuxna mellan 18-25 år identifierades 84 som stressade och fördelades slumpmässigt till MMSU eller väntelista (VL). Totalt slutförde 35 deltagare (15 i interventionsgruppen, 20 i kontrollgruppen) för– och eftermätningen av Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale Revised (CAMS–R), Self–compassion Scale short form (SCS–SF), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS–14), och Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory short version (S–ZTPI). Interventionsgruppen genomförde dagliga 15-minuters övningar i mindfulness och medkänsla som pågick i två veckor. Hypotesen var att MMSU i jämförelse med VL ökar mindfulnessnivåer och självmedkänsla, samt reducerar upplevd stress, självkyla och avvikelser från en balanserad tidsperspektivprofil. Resultatet av grupp (MMSU, VL) X tid (förmätning, eftermätning) visade på interaktioner för självmedkänsla, självkyla, upplevd stress och nutid hedonistisk. Hög effektstorlek (Cohens´d) för ökad självmedkänsla dppc2=1.00 och medelhög effektstorlek för reducerad självkyla dppc2=–0.65, reducerad upplevd stress dppc2=–0.67 och förbättring av nutid hedonistisk dppc2=0.61 påträffades. Programmet i mindfulness och medkänsla ökade deltagarnas självmedkänsla och reducerade deltagarnas upplevda stress signifikant. Mindfulnessnivåer och tidsperspektiv förbättrades inte signifikant. Vi föreslår ytterligare studier som följer upp resultatet för att fortsätta studera programmets effektivitet. / This study aimed to evaluate effects of a web-based mindfulness and compassion program (MMSU: mindfulness and compassion for emerging adults) on perceived stress and time perspectives. Of 93 emerging adults between 18-25 years, 84 were identified as stressed and randomly distributed to MMSU or waiting list (VL). In total, 35 participants (15 in the intevention group, 20 in the control group) completed the follow-up of Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale Revised (CAMS–R), Self–compassion Scale short form (SCS–SF), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS–14), and Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory short version (S–ZTPI). The intervention group conducted daily 15-minutes exercices in mindfulness and compassion that lasted for two weeks. The hypothesis was that MMSU compared to VL would increase mindfulness levels and self-compassion, as well as decreased levels of percevied stress, self-coldness and deviation from a balanced time perspective profile.  The result of the group (MMSU, VL) X time (pre, post) declared on interactions for self-compassion, self-coldness, percevied stress and present hedonistic. Strong effect size (Cohens´d) for increased self-compassion dppc2=1.00, and medium effect size for decreased self-coldness dppc2=–0.65, reduced perceived stress dppc2=–0.67 and medium effect size on improvement of present hedonistic dppc2=0.61 were found. The program in mindfulness and compassion increased participants self-compassion and reduced their levels of perceived stress significantly. Mindfulness levels and time perspective did not significantly improve. We propose additional studies that follow up the results to continue studying the program´s effectivness.

Объектом исследования явилась самосострадания студентов. Предметом исследования стала взаимосвязь самосострадания, благополучия и копинг-стратегий. Магистерская диссертация выполнена на 84 страницах, состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы из 62 наименований, содержит 6 рисунков, 11 таблиц, имеет 4 приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик и результатов в общей выборке. Актуальность темы исследования. Студенческая жизнь может быть источником серьезного стресса, который негативно сказывается на самочувствии. Самосострадание ‒ позитивное отношение к себе, испытывающему трудности, положительно сказывается на преодолении стресса и поддержании психологического благополучия. Однако в российской психологии недостаточно знаний о том, как связаны сострадание к себе, психологическое благополучие и копинг-стратегия. Первая глава включает обзор зарубежной и отечественной литературы по теме самосострадания как психологического феномена. Представлены разделы, посвященные изучению особенностей самосострадания, благополучия, копинг-стратегий, а также существующие кросс-культурные исследования. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой завершение изучения теоретического материала по самосостраданию, психологическому благополучию и копинг-стратегий. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: «Шкала сочувствия к себе», Кристин Нефф (адаптация Чистопольская К.А., Осин Е.Н., Ениколопов С.Н., Николаев Е.Л., Мысина Г.А., Дровосеков С.Э); «Психологическое благополучие Риффа», К. Рифф (адаптация Т.Д. Шевеленковой, П.П. Фесенко); «Опросник Индикатор копинг-стратегий (CSI)» Джеймса Амирхана (адаптация Н. А. Сирота, В. М. Ялтонский) Также в главе представлен корреляционный и сравнительнный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по второй главе, самосострадание положительно коррелирует с психологическим благополучием и активными стратегиями преодоления трудностей. Разница в уровне самосострадания была выявлена между российскими и иностранными студентами. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. Основные выводы, сделанные по результатам исследования, изложены в заключении, наряду с обсуждением потенциальных областей для дальнейших исследований. / The object of the study was the self-compassion of students. The subject of the study was the relationship of self-compassion, well-being and coping strategies. The master's thesis is filled with 84 pages, consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of literature from 62 titles, contains 6 figures, 11 tables, has 4 appendices, including forms of the applied methods and results in the general sample. Relevance of the research topic, student life can be a source of serious stress, which negatively affects well-being. Self‒compassion is a positive attitude towards oneself when is experiencing difficulties, has a positive effect on overcoming stress and maintaining psychological well-being. However, there is not enough knowledge in Russian psychology about how self-compassion, psychological well-being and coping strategy are related. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of self-compassion as a psychological phenomenon. The sections devoted to the study of the features of self-compassion, well-being, coping strategies, as well as existing cross-cultural studies are presented. The conclusions of the first chapter represent the completion of the study of theoretical material on self-compassion, psychological well-being and coping strategies. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It describes the organizing and methods of the research and the results obtained using all the methods used: "The scale of self-compassion", Kristin Neff (adaptation Chistopolskaya K.A., Osin E.N., Enikolopov S.N., Nikolaev E.L., Mysina G.A., Drovosekov S.E.); "Psychological well-being of the Riff", K. Riff (adaptation by T.D. Shevelenkova, P.P. Fesenko); "Questionnaire Indicator of coping Strategies (CSI)" by James Amirkhan (adaptation by N. A. Sirota, V. M. Yaltonian). This chapter also presents a correlation and comparative analysis of the research results. Conclusions from the second chapter, self-compassion is positively correlated with psychological well-being and active coping strategies. The difference in the level of self-compassion was founded between Russian and foreign students. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are summarized, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of this issue are described. The main conclusions drawn from the results of the study are outlined in the conclusion, along with a discussion of potential areas for further research.

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This study investigated the relationship between student ratings of teaching and the mindfulness attributes of teaching assistants in freshmen courses consisting mostly of discussion. Regression analyses were run to determine whether teaching assistant data (n = 19), related to their teaching efficacy, trait mindfulness, mindfulness practices, self-compassion, and teacher concerns, were predictive of student ratings of teaching assistants' combined scores on three concatenated Likert-scale evaluation items--the teaching assistant is kind and respectful of me, is patient with my questions, and is receptive to my questions. As modeled, there was no significant relationship between these teaching assistant characteristics and the components that were examined. A subset of the population (n = 6), participated in follow-up interviews. A comparative and interpretative analysis of the interview data followed, which examined the teaching assistant narratives using the following variables as filters--teaching efficacy, trait mindfulness, mindfulness practices, self-compassion, and teacher concerns--in addition to the metacognitive constructs of Knowledge of Cognition and Regulation of Cognition. Overall, the interview component of the study found that teaching assistants who could better articulate their teaching processes and instructional goals reported purposefully engaging in the internal and external dialogic processes of instruction. Moreover, interview analysis suggests that teaching assistant evaluations were a poor means of assessing instructional skills, aptitude, or performance. In addition, while the tools used in this study, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Mindfulness Process Questionnaire, the Self-Compassion, Scale, the Teacher's Sense of Efficacy, and the Teacher's Concerns Checklist, might reliably assess attributes of good instructors, they do not appear to capture the whole essence of one's instructional narrative. Whether it is through interviews, or intricate scenarios, instructional evaluation, especially when its purpose is to improve instruction, should have a qualitative and reflective component. / text

This study explored the perspectives of children whose complex health needs included respiratory technology dependence, and that of their parents, regarding community life and helpful patterns of coping and relationship. In-depth interviews were conducted with 7 children (3-18 yrs. old) and 8 parents. Survey data collected from 31 parents contributed to a convergent mixed methods design. Findings showed that children viewed themselves as normal, but experienced "a constricted life". Parents' active engagement in their child's life, as system navigators and advocates, was necessary to ensure their child's wellbeing. Key relational components included "authentic engaged presence", caring, competence, communication and collaboration. Effective coping patterns included reliable social support and both emotion-focused and problem-focused strategies. Contextual factors significantly affecting parental coping and relationships included family structure and child’s dependence on invasive respiratory technology (tracheostomy). Respite reported inadequate. Findings have practice and policy implications for health, respite and education systems, professionals and parents.

This study explored the perspectives of children whose complex health needs included respiratory technology dependence, and that of their parents, regarding community life and helpful patterns of coping and relationship. In-depth interviews were conducted with 7 children (3-18 yrs. old) and 8 parents. Survey data collected from 31 parents contributed to a convergent mixed methods design. Findings showed that children viewed themselves as normal, but experienced "a constricted life". Parents' active engagement in their child's life, as system navigators and advocates, was necessary to ensure their child's wellbeing. Key relational components included "authentic engaged presence", caring, competence, communication and collaboration. Effective coping patterns included reliable social support and both emotion-focused and problem-focused strategies. Contextual factors significantly affecting parental coping and relationships included family structure and child’s dependence on invasive respiratory technology (tracheostomy). Respite reported inadequate. Findings have practice and policy implications for health, respite and education systems, professionals and parents.

This thesis focuses on the acquisition of emotional competence (EC) skills in adults and its impact on well being. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the definition of EC, including a review of EC in order to better understand and operationalize its main dimensions and correlates. We also present a systematic review of EC intervention studies on adult populations in order to assess their outcomes and make recommendations for the development and implementation of future interventions. We then provide a theoretical and practical framework for emotional competence (EC) based interventions. We describe the main components of an EC intervention, underline the important characteristics of the intervention pedagogy and discuss theoretical and practical implications of this framework.In a second part we investigate whether a sustainable improvement in emotional competencies is possible in adults, and what are the conditions and effects of this improvement on well-being (e.g. on mental and physical health and quality of interpersonal relationships). Results of three empirical studies confirm that EC can be significantly increased following an intervention (and compared to a control group) and that this intervention impacts favourably personal and interpersonal well-being as measured by psychological health, quality of relationship and employability.A last part of the thesis explores the mechanisms underlying this improvement of competencies and well-being. We focus on emotional acceptance, self-compassion, self kindness and behavioural flexibility. Because there was no scale measuring self-compassion or self kindness in French, we validate two scales and assess the relationships between these constructs and well-being.We then examined the possible benefits of emotional acceptance and behavioural flexibility in a randomized controlled study, showing how increasing emotional competence can enhance these change processes and how these processes can, in turn, enhance well-being.This research helps to further elucidate the role of active change processes in EC increase related to the promotion of well-being. / Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Cognitive dissonance occurs when someone engages in a counter-attitudinal behavior that has negative consequences. In the present study whether moderators such as self-monitoring and self-compassion impact the experience of dissonance. Specifically, high self-monitors should experience less dissonance than low self-monitors because of their propensity to alter their opinions based on the social cues around them and not be as attached to their opinions as low self-monitors. Self-compassion may also moderate the dissonance effect in that more self-compassionate individuals may handle the experience of dissonance with more self-kindness and subsequently experience less dissonance than participants with low self-compassion. Participants (N = 331, 76% women, Mage= 22.5) completed an online survey where they expressed their opinion on a variety of ethical issues on a 15 point scale. Participants were then asked to write a counter-attitudinal essay on the ethical issue of capital punishment. If participants indicated previously that they supported capital punishment then they were asked to write against capital punishment, and vice versa for those who initially indicated being against capital punishment. Perception of choice was manipulated such that participants were given no choice to write according to the instructions or participants had a perceived choice in their writing topic. They were then asked to respond to several dependent variable measures and predictor variables including the full self-monitoring and self-compassion scales. Overall, participants experienced cognitive dissonance from writing the essay, and self-monitoring moderated participants’ experience of cognitive dissonance. Self-compassion did not moderate the dissonance effect; however, self-compassion interacted with dissonance to impact participants’ endorsement of moral values. These findings suggest cognitive dissonance effects can be extended to moral attitudes, and self-monitoring may impact people’s individual dissonance experiences.

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Det finns överlag en brist på compassion-inriktade interventioner för vård- och omsorgspersonal. Tidigare studier tyder på att dessa interventioner ger goda resultat, men fler studier behövs. Hittills har exempelvis inga svenska studier undersökt effekter av Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) på individnivå eller med samvetsstress som utfallsmått. Studien syftade följaktligen till att undersöka om en internetbaserad CMT-kurs var en hjälpsam metod för att minska samvetsstress och arbetsrelaterad stress, samt öka självmedkänsla och professionell livskvalitet hos svensk vård- och omsorgspersonal. Studien var designad som en inomindividsstudie och utgick från en Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED), med vissa anpassningar. Totalt sex deltagare mötte inklusionskriterierna och deltog i en för- och eftermätning med självskattningsformulären Stress of Conscience Questionnaire (SCQ), Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQ-II), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) och Professional Quality of Life Measure (ProQOL-5) samt fyra veckovisa mätningar under kursens gång. Slutsatsen var att CMT-kursen har varit hjälpsam i att minska samvetsstress och arbetsrelaterad stress samt i att öka självmedkänsla och professionell livskvalitet. Vidare forskning med starkare experimentell kontroll och uppföljningsmätningar behövs dock för att bekräfta resultaten. / There is overall a lack of compassion-based interventions for healthcare personnel. Previous studies suggest these interventions lead to good outcomes, however there is a need for more research. There are for example no Swedish studies that have yet examined the effect of Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) either on an individual level or with stress of conscience as outcome measure. Hence, the study aimed to evaluate whether a CMT-course is a helpful method for reducing stress of conscience and work-related stress, as well as increasing self-compassion and professional quality of life for healthcare personnel. The study had a within-subject design and used a Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED) with some adjustments. Six participants met the inclusion criteria and completed Stress of Conscience Questionnaire (SCQ), Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQ-II), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL-5) before and after the CMT-course in addition to four weekly questionnaires during the course. The conclusion was that CMT was helpful in reducing stress of conscience and work-related stress as well as increasing self-compassion and professional quality of life. However, research with more experimental control and follow up measurements are needed to confirm the results. / ICOP