La tesis trata de un aspecto semántico de los términos para artefactos: la determinación de su referencia. Para abordar esta cuestión, exploro la sugerencia putnamiana según la cual la referencia de los términos de clase artificial está determinada de manera externista. En el primer capítulo de la tesis, presento un estudio previo de la determinación de la referencia de los nombres propios y los términos de clase natural. Presento las principales propuestas internistas para estos términos y las críticas que se han hecho desde el externismo semántico. Mi conclusión tras esta presentación es que los argumentos decisivos a favor del externismo para la determinación de la referencia, tanto de los nombres propios como de los términos de clase natural, son los argumentos de ignorancia y error. Y estos mismos argumentos serán también, en la medida en que sean posibles, los argumentos decisivos a favor del externismo para la determinación de la referencia de los términos de clase artificial. En el segundo capítulo de la tesis, analizo la naturaleza de los artefactos: la propiedad importante de las clases artificiales parece ser su función, una característica impuesta por nosotros. Esto ha llevado a algunos autores a defender que las clases artificiales son clases nominales y que los términos para artefactos son términos de clase nominal. Pero, como defiendo en la tesis, los términos para artefactos no son términos como ‘soltero’ y, por otro lado, la metafísica de los artefactos condiciona la semántica de los correspondientes términos mucho menos de lo que habitualmente se asume. Lo decisivo para la semántica es la adopción de una postura ante la tesis epistemológica según la cual no es posible estar equivocados ni ser ignorantes sobre la naturaleza de un tipo de artefactos. Putnam piensa que sí es posible estar equivocado o ser ignorante sobre la naturaleza de una clase artificial y propone un argumento de error sobre los lápices. Sin embargo este argumento externista no se ha considerado concluyente porque no es un argumento de error sobre la naturaleza relevante de los artefactos en cuestión: su función. En el tercer capítulo, presento las alternativas internistas descriptivitas al modelo externista putnamiano para los términos para artefactos. Presento, por un lado, el descriptivismo de Schwartz y, por otro, la teoría híbrida de Thomasson. Ambas propuestas, sin embargo, están sujetas a diferentes críticas que les planteo. Pero la crítica definitiva contra el internismo descriptivista es plantear un argumento de ignorancia o error respecto a la propiedad relevante de un tipo de artefacto. En el cuarto y último capítulo de la tesis expongo los argumentos externistas de ignorancia y error que se han presentado después de Putnam, los argumentos de Kornblith y Nelson, respectivamente. Sin embargo, aunque son argumentos que versan sobre la función de algún tipo de artefacto, son argumentos con un alcance limitado en lo que pretenden mostrar. Pero creo que puede haber argumentos externistas como los requeridos que no tengan un mero alcance local. Presento un argumento de ignorancia y otro de error a favor del externismo para la determinación de la referencia de los términos para artefactos. Sin embargo, tras analizar estos argumentos y defenderlos de posibles objeciones, concluyo que, seguramente, no son extensibles a cualquier tipo de artefacto, sino sólo a artefactos que cumplen ciertas condiciones. / This dissertation is about the determination of reference of terms for artifacts. In order to study the question of how the reference of those terms is determined, I explore the Putnamian suggestion that terms for artifacts respond to an externalist semantics. In the first chapter, I present a preliminary study about how the reference of proper names and natural kind terms is determined. Mi conclusion is that the decisive arguments for externalism are ignorance and error arguments. In the second chapter, I analyze the nature of artifacts and criticize the idea that the metaphysics of artifacts determines the semantics of the corresponding terms. In particular, I argue that, regardless of the metaphysical position about artifacts, artefactual kinds are not nominal kinds and artefactual kind terms are not nominal kind terms. What is relevant for the semantics is the epistemological thesis according to which speakers cannot be ignorant or mistaken about the nature of an artefactual kind. Putnam thinks that this thesis is false and presents an error argument concerning pencils. But this argument is not conclusive since it is not about the relevant nature of the artifacts: its function. In the third chapter, I present the descriptivist internalist alternatives to the Putnamian model: Schwartz’s descriptivism and Thomasson’s hybrid theory of reference. And I raise different objections against these theories. But the decisive criticism against descriptivism consists of presenting an ignorance or error argument concerning the relevant nature of an artifact, its function. In the fourth chapter, I expose the externalist ignorance and error arguments by Kornblith and Nelson, respectively, concerning the function of an artifact. However, those arguments have a limited scope. But I think that the required externalist arguments are available; I propose some of them and defend those arguments from possible objections. However, those arguments are not extensible to any type of artifact, but just to artifacts under certain conditions. So, although externalism cannot be ruled out for artifactual words, perhaps it is not adequate for all artifactual kind terms.

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Orientador : Zeljko Loparic / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T17:37:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Piza_SuzedeOliveira_D.pdf: 2637096 bytes, checksum: ec9c73ebbc52574506ccd7cf9b022feb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esse texto se insere no debate contemporâneo sobre as aproximações entre Kant e Foucault. A relação entre essas duas Filosofias é, ao mesmo tempo, de ruptura e continuidade. Por um lado, o método arqueologia-genealogia levará a resultados que se opõem a muitas teses de Kant sobre o ser humano, o conhecimento e a história. Por outro lado, Foucault não abandona em nenhum momento as fôrmas kantianas de fazer Filosofia e seu método está mergulhado no modelo kantiano e na atitude crítica. Foucault nega o a priori formal, mas afirma um a priori histórico; nega o sujeito transcendental e, consequentemente o idealismo transcendental, mas afirma analogamente um transcendental histórico; inverte categorias kantianas fundamentais e produz algumas de suas principais teses acerca do sujeito moderno. Foucault inverte categorias kantianas, assim como ao longo da história da Filosofia, grandes pensadores subverteram seus mestres criativamente. Foucault assume a atitude crítica, adota o modelo da Filosofia transcendental, usando, portanto, as fôrmas de Kant, contudo, troca o seu conteúdo. Nossa tese caracteriza o que o próprio Michel Foucault indicou como sendo sua filiação kantiana; isto é, se este se inscreve de alguma forma na tradição filosófica, o é na tradição crítica de Kant. Procuramos examinar que tipo de filiação é essa em uma perspectiva de compreensão do como e com o quê essa Filosofia foi produzida. Trabalhamos durante todo o tempo com a hipótese de que o kantismo de Foucault é um exemplo digno de nota de uma relação criativa (e não subserviente) de um filósofo com sua tradição. A elaboração de nossa hipótese e a chegada aos resultados só foi possível podendo considerar toda a obra foucaultiana a partir de uma dada leitura da obra de Kant feita por Z. Loparic. A tese de Loparic é de que a Filosofia de Kant é uma semântica transcendental. À luz dessa interpretação de Kant - especialmente, de uma releitura das teorias do conceito e da verdade, em que aparece o conceito de domínio de interpretação - é que se tornou possível uma leitura adequada da extensão e do tipo de kantismo de Foucault, especialmente no que tange ao conceito de epistémê. A tese percorre o caminho que vai da leitura que Foucault faz de Kant, da maneira como Foucault usa Kant e da indicação do método e alguns de seus operadores conceituais, sempre em relação a Kant. Defendemos que ambas as Filosofias (kantiana e foucaultiana) são filosofias críticas e são semânticas transcendentais, carecendo a segunda, para ser mais bem definida, de um adjetivo: uma semântica transcendental histórica. Como pano de fundo das ideias aqui apresentadas está nosso tema de maior interesse: a produção de Filosofia e as possíveis relações do filósofo com a tradição de pensamento filosófico ocidental. Foucault com Kant é um exemplo elucidativo para se compreender tal produção e uma das maneiras de sua efetivação / Abstract: This text is applicable to the contemporary debate on the similarities between Kant and Foucault. The relationship between these two philosophies is one of both rupture and continuity. On one hand, the archaeological-genealogical approach produces results that contradict many of Kant¿s studies on the human being, knowledge and history. On the other hand, Foucault by no means abandons the Kantian models to produce Philosophy, and his method dives into the Kantian model and the critical attitude. Foucault denies the formal a priori, but affirms the historical a priori; in other words, he denies the transcendental subject and, as a consequence, the transcendental idealism, but analogically affirms a "transcendental-historical". He inverts Kantian ideas and produces some of his principal works on the modern subject. Foucault changes the Kantian categories, just as throughout the history of Philosophy, great thinkers creatively overturned their masters. Foucault is critical in his attitude, adopting the transcendental philosophy model. He does, however, use Kant¿s molds, although with altered content. Our thesis characterizes what Michel Foucault himself indicated as being his Kantian affiliation; namely, if in some way it applies to the philosophical tradition, it will apply to Kant¿s critical tradition. The objective here is to examine what type of affiliation this is, from a perspective of understanding how and with what this philosophy was produced. The hypothesis adopted in this study gives that Foucault¿s Kantianism is a noteworthy example of a creative relationship (and one that is not subservient) between a philosopher and his tradition. It was only possible to elaborate this hypothesis and reach the achieved results by considering the complete work of Foucaultian, by studying Z. Loparic¿s interpretation of Kant¿s work. According to Loparic¿s thesis, Kant¿s philosophy is a transcendental semantic. In light of Kant¿s interpretation ¿ particularly from the re-creation of the theories of concept and truth, in which appears the concept of the domain of interpretation - it was possible to thoroughly study the extension and type of Foucault¿s Kantianism, particularly in terms of the episteme concept. The thesis follows the theory that emerges from Foucault¿s interpretation of Kant, in the way that Foucault uses Kant, the indication of the method and some of its conceptual operators, always in relation to Kant. The present study defends the argument that both Philosophies (Kantian and Foucaultian) are critical and transcendental semantics; the second, in order to be better defined, requires an adjective: a transcendental-historical semantic. The backdrop to the ideas presented in this study is the subject of greatest interest: the production of philosophy and the possible relationships between the philosopher and the tradition of western philosophical thinking. Foucault together with Kant is a clear example that can be used to understand this production and one of the ways that it can be effective / Doutorado / Filosofia / Doutora em Filosofia

Orientador: Arley Ramos Moreno / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T11:30:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco_AntonioMarcos_M.pdf: 1498266 bytes, checksum: d034937dfd7ddf91412ce63d596737d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O intuito do presente trabalho é expor e associar dois momentos do pensamento de Gottlob Frege - um situado na obra Conceitografia, publicada em 1879, e outro presente a partir da distinção entre sentido e referência articulada, principalmente, no artigo Sobre o Sentido e a Referência, publicado em 1892. O objetivo é explicitar que apesar de existirem significativas diferenças entre as duas épocas é possível perceber uma profunda continuidade no desenvolvimento de um projeto único, e também uma clara conexão entre as duas obras, apesar de o léxico filosófico fregeano ter passado por expressivas alterações após a concepção da distinção entre sentido e referência. Este trabalho está dividido em quatro partes: a primeira apresenta o que motivou o matemático Gottlob Frege a dedicar-se à análise da linguagem e elaborar uma "conceitografia" para representar o que é fundamental na proposição - o conteúdo conceitual; o momento seguinte, capítulo II, expõe como o problema da identidade de conteúdo culminou com um esboço de uma teoria semântica na obra de 1879; a parte três expõe a conexão entre a teoria semântica de 1879 e de 1892; a parte final, capítulo IV, é uma tentativa de expor como os temas do artigo de 1892 estão intimamente associados com as questões apresentadas na obra Conceitografia / Abstract: The purpose of this work is to describe and to connect the two moments of thought of Gottlob Frege - one found in the work Conceptual Notation published in 1879 and the other one in the article On Sense and Reference published in 1892, which presents the distinction between sense and reference. The goal is to explain that although there are significant differences between the two moments it is possible to perceive a deep continuity in the development of a single project. There is also a clear connection between the two works despite of the Fregean technical terms having gone through major changes after taking into consideration the conception of the distinction between sense and reference. This work is divided into four parts: the first one introduces what motivated the mathematician Gottlob Frege to devote himself to the analysis of language and develop a formula language to represent what is fundamental in the proposition - the conceptual content; the second in the Chapter II exposes how the problem of identity content culminated with a sketch of a semantic theory in the work of 1879, the third one explains the connection between theory and semantics from 1879 and from 1892, and finally, Chapter IV , is an attempt to expose how the themes of the article of 1892 are closely associated with the work Conceitografia affairs / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestre em Filosofia

This study investigates six theoretical approaches offered as solutions to the paradox of the heap (sorites paradox), a logic puzzle dating back to the ancient Greek philosopher Eubulides. Those considered are: Incoherence Theory, Epistemic Theory, Supervaluation Theory, Many-Valued Logic, Fuzzy Logic, and Non-Classical Semantics. After critically examining all of these, it is concluded that none of the attempts to explain the sorites are fully adequate, and the paradox remains unresolved. / Philosophy / M.A. (Philosophy)

Thesis submitted in: Dec. 1998. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-[105]). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- Signifying: An African American Speech Act --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Brief Background of Robert Johnson and Blind Lemon Jefferson --- p.4 / Chapter 3. --- Blues Craze --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Blues Genre --- p.8 / Chapter 1. --- Defining' the Blues --- p.8 / Chapter 2. --- Interpretations of the Blues Genre --- p.12 / Chapter 3. --- Three Downhome Blues Singer's Interpretations of the Blues --- p.15 / Chapter 4. --- """You wanta signifyin' like" --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Signifying and the Blues --- p.20 / Chapter 1. --- Signifying --- p.21 / Chapter 2. --- Implicature --- p.24 / Chapter 3. --- Face Threatening Acts --- p.34 / Chapter 4. --- Off Record FTAs --- p.35 / Chapter 5. --- Off Record FTAs and Signifying --- p.36 / Chapter 6. --- Off record FTA and Signifying in Blues --- p.39 / Chapter 7. --- Signifying and Call-and-Response --- p.42 / Chapter 8. --- Signifying and the Guitar --- p.47 / Chapter 9. --- Signifying and T in Blues Recordings --- p.51 / Chapter 10. --- Signifying and Spirituals --- p.54 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Robert Johnson and Blind Lemon Jefferson --- p.60 / Chapter 1. --- Robert Jonhson (1911-1938) --- p.60 / Chapter 2. --- Blind Lemon Jefferson (1897-1929) --- p.81 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Conclusion --- p.98 / Bibliography --- p.103

The literature of the fin de siáecle challenged established societal norms through its use of avant-garde literary forms and controversial subject matter. This study will examine the use of landscape metaphors in two major works of fin de siáecle literature, Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Olive Schreiner's The Story of an African Farm, in order to reveal how these texts critique and re-vision the social dualities of gender. A wide range of literary theories-including, feminist theory, semiotics, and ecocriticism-are used to interpret these authors' influential narratives. This thesis will also apply Julia Kristeva's theory of the abjects-representing the permeability of the physical and social bodies-to critically examine the literal and metaphorical landscapes of Stevenson's city and Schreiner's farm. Thus, these visionary texts embody an organic and feminist understanding of the self as a permeable social construct that exists free of borders. / by Janine McAdams. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Cheung Po-yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 278-285). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Page / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- The Problem --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Rationale for the Study --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of the Study --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Inferencing and Its Relationship to Learning Strategy and Reading / Chapter 2.1 --- Overview of Learning Strategies --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Definitions of a Strategy --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Classification of Learning Strategies --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Use of Strategies by 'Good' and 'Poor' Language Learners --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Importance of Learning Strategy Training for L2 Learner --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- General Theories Related to Reading --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Definitions of Reading --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Conventional Models in Reading --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Bottom-up Processing --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Top-down Processing --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Interactive Processing --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Schema Theory --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Relationship between Connection of Ideas in a Text and The Theories --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3 --- Inferencing --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Definitions of Inferencing --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Inferencing Strategies of 'Skilled' and 'Less Skilled' Language Learners --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Challenges for Second Language (L2) Students --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Approaches to Investigate Inferencing --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Experimental Approach --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Case Study Approach --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Further Investigation of Inferencing Strategy Training Program --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.4.1 --- Areas Recommended for Future Research --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodology / Chapter 3.1 --- Design Characteristics --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2 --- Construction of Instruments --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Training Passages --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Reading Ability Test --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Pre and Posttest --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Background Questionnaire --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Reading Behavior Questionnaire --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Response Questionnaire --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Observation Form --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Guessing Game --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Self-monitoring Checklist --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3 --- Pilot-testing of Materials --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Subjects --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Procedures --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Modifications --- p.46 / Chapter 3.4 --- Study --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Subjects --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Observer --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Experimental Procedures --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4.3.1 --- Overview of Procedure --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4.3.1.1 --- Administering of Pretest --- p.51 / Chapter 3.4.3.1.2 --- Treatment of Two Groups --- p.52 / Chapter 3.4.3.1.3 --- Lecture --- p.52 / Chapter 3.4.3.1.3.1 --- Pre-reading Activity --- p.53 / Chapter 3.4.3.1.3.2 --- Guessing Game --- p.53 / Chapter 3.4.3.1.3.3 --- Summary of Exercise --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.3.1.3.4 --- Discussion of Answers --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.3.1.3.5 --- Response Questionnaire --- p.55 / Chapter 3.4.3.1.4 --- Administering of Posttest --- p.55 / Chapter 3.4.3.1.5 --- Interviews --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4.3.1.6 --- Diary --- p.56 / Chapter 3.5 --- Data Analysis --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Research Findings / Chapter 4.1 --- General Picture --- p.58 / Chapter 4.2 --- Hypotheses Tested --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Hypothesis1 --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Hypothesis2 --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3 --- Subjects' Responses --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Background Questionnaire --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Response Questionnaire --- p.71 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Reading Behavior Questionnaire --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Interviews --- p.78 / Chapter 4.3.4.1 --- Attitudes Towards The Cloze Exercises --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3.4.2 --- Usefulness of The Training --- p.86 / Chapter 4.3.4.3 --- Applicability of The Inferencing Skills --- p.87 / Chapter 4.3.4.4 --- Time --- p.91 / Chapter 4.3.4.5 --- Attention Level --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.4.6 --- Instructor's Performance --- p.99 / Chapter 4.3.4.7 --- Subjects' Suggestions for Improving The Course --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3.4.7.1 --- Use of Words in the Passages --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3.4.7.2 --- Medium of Instruction --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3.4.7.3 --- Classroom Atmosphere --- p.104 / Chapter 4.3.4.7.4 --- Others --- p.105 / Chapter 4.4 --- Observer's Responses --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Observation Forms --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- Structure of The Training Lesson --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- Instructor's Performance --- p.107 / Chapter 4.4.1.3 --- Classroom Atmosphere --- p.108 / Chapter 4.4.1.4 --- Overall Comments --- p.110 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Interviews --- p.111 / Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- Pre-training --- p.111 / Chapter 4.4.2.1.1 --- Difficult Area for Students in Learning English --- p.111 / Chapter 4.4.2.1.2 --- Strategies for Reading --- p.112 / Chapter 4.4.2.1.3 --- Difficulties --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.2.2 --- Post-training --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.2.2.1 --- Observer's Perception on Subject's Interest --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.2.2.2 --- Introduction of More Strategies --- p.114 / Chapter 4.4.2.2.3 --- Subjects' Improvement --- p.116 / Chapter 4.4.2.2.4 --- Overall Comments on The Training --- p.116 / Chapter 4.5 --- Instructor's Diary --- p.117 / Chapter 4.6 --- Summary --- p.124 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion on Research Findings / Chapter 5.1 --- Hypothesis1 --- p.125 / Chapter 5.2 --- Hypothesis2 --- p.128 / Chapter 5.3 --- Problems Revealed from The Study --- p.130 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Levei of Difficulty of Words Used in The Passages --- p.130 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Subjects' Reaction to The Structure of The Lesson --- p.132 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Lack of Motivation of the Subjects --- p.134 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Lack of Teaching Experience of The Instructor (Researcher) --- p.135 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Misleading Responses to The Response Questionnaires (RQs) --- p.136 / Chapter 5.4 --- Summary --- p.137 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion / Chapter 6.1 --- Major Findings --- p.138 / Chapter 6.2 --- Limitations of The Study --- p.140 / Chapter 6.3 --- Pedagogical Implications --- p.142 / Chapter 6.4 --- Recommendations for Future Research --- p.144 / Chapter 6.5 --- Summary --- p.145 / Appendices --- p.146 / References --- p.278

This study investigates six theoretical approaches offered as solutions to the paradox of the heap (sorites paradox), a logic puzzle dating back to the ancient Greek philosopher Eubulides. Those considered are: Incoherence Theory, Epistemic Theory, Supervaluation Theory, Many-Valued Logic, Fuzzy Logic, and Non-Classical Semantics. After critically examining all of these, it is concluded that none of the attempts to explain the sorites are fully adequate, and the paradox remains unresolved. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.A. (Philosophy)

Text in German, summaries in German and English / Diese Masterarbeit handelt von Transzendenzmomenten angesichts des Anderen und nimmt damit Bezug auf einen der einflussreichsten Philosophen der Gegenwart, Emmanuel Levinas. Philosophiegeschichtlich bildet der linguistic turn den Kontext dieses Diskurses. So wird der Wandel im Denken, der mit dem linguistic turn einhergeht, anhand verschiedener philosophischer und theologischer Essays reflektiert und auf das Problem der Gewalt im Prozess des Erkennens hin zugespitzt. In Diskussion mit den Schriften Dietrich Bonhoeffers leistet diese Arbeit hinfort einen Beitrag zum systematisch-theologischen Diskurs über Gottesoffenbarung in zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen und über Ethik. In Auseinandersetzung mit Levinas und Bonhoeffer baut diese Arbeit eine Brücke zwischen postmodernem, dekonstruktivistischem Denken und der fortwährenden theologischen Aufgabe, Gottes Sein mittels menschlicher Sprache Ausdruck zu verleihen. / This master thesis is about moments of transcendence in face of the other by means of one of the most important philosophers in our days, Emmanuel Levinas. The philosophically based historical context is represented by the term linguistic turn which marks a change of thinking within the 20th century. To outline this change the thesis brings several philosophical and theological essays up for discussion which leads to the problem of power in the process of recognition. Bringing up Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s writings, this research will make a contribution to the systematic-theological discourse about God revealing himself within relationships and about ethics. Furthermore it builds a bridge between postmodern anti-constructivist thinking and the continual theological task of using human language to explore God’s being. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Systematic Theology)