<p>Användningen av datorer ökar allt mer i samhället. Allt fler verksamhetsområden använder datorer och kräver att många i yrkeslivet behärskar tekniken. Detta ställer nya krav på skolan i att ge elever en bra grund och baskunskap i datoranvändning. Det ökade behovet av datorutbildning medför att skolorna måste kunna erbjuda en god och inspirerande fysisk arbetsmiljö med god ergonomi där eleverna lär sig om ergonomins betydelse för hälsan. </p><p>Syftet med detta arbete var att genom kvalitativa intervjuer med rektorer och lärare på tre grundskolor ta reda på deras uppfattning och tankar kring den fysiska miljön i skolan, både vad gäller den fysiska klassrumsmiljön samt den fysiska miljön kring datorarbetsplatser. Hur de tänker kring utformning av en god fysisk arbetsmiljö samt dess betydelse för lärande och inspiration. </p><p>Det finns flera olika sätt att se på den fysiska miljön i skolan. Vissa anser att den fysiska miljön har stor betydelse för inspiration och lärande både i klassrummet samt kring en datorarbetsplats, medan andra hävdar att den fysiska miljön kring en datorarbetsplats inte har någon större betydelse för inspiration och lärande, men klassrumsmiljön är av stor vikt. Lärares och rektorers förhållningssätt till datorstött lärande påverkar den fysiska miljöns utformning. Elever spenderar i regel inte så mycket tid vid datorerna och detta gör att datorarbetsplatsernas fysiska utformning inte har så stor betydelse för elevernas lärande och inspiration.</p>

Användningen av datorer ökar allt mer i samhället. Allt fler verksamhetsområden använder datorer och kräver att många i yrkeslivet behärskar tekniken. Detta ställer nya krav på skolan i att ge elever en bra grund och baskunskap i datoranvändning. Det ökade behovet av datorutbildning medför att skolorna måste kunna erbjuda en god och inspirerande fysisk arbetsmiljö med god ergonomi där eleverna lär sig om ergonomins betydelse för hälsan. Syftet med detta arbete var att genom kvalitativa intervjuer med rektorer och lärare på tre grundskolor ta reda på deras uppfattning och tankar kring den fysiska miljön i skolan, både vad gäller den fysiska klassrumsmiljön samt den fysiska miljön kring datorarbetsplatser. Hur de tänker kring utformning av en god fysisk arbetsmiljö samt dess betydelse för lärande och inspiration. Det finns flera olika sätt att se på den fysiska miljön i skolan. Vissa anser att den fysiska miljön har stor betydelse för inspiration och lärande både i klassrummet samt kring en datorarbetsplats, medan andra hävdar att den fysiska miljön kring en datorarbetsplats inte har någon större betydelse för inspiration och lärande, men klassrumsmiljön är av stor vikt. Lärares och rektorers förhållningssätt till datorstött lärande påverkar den fysiska miljöns utformning. Elever spenderar i regel inte så mycket tid vid datorerna och detta gör att datorarbetsplatsernas fysiska utformning inte har så stor betydelse för elevernas lärande och inspiration.

The general purpose of this thesis is to understand how participation in the activity of education relates to communication and tools. This purpose unfolds by drawing on possible conceivable consequences. In the fulfilment of this purpose communication, education, participation, and tools are analytically linked by a common denominator: human action. The commentary text expounds on these links, while the four included papers illustrate how these links operate in educational settings. The general purpose serves to frame a narrower purpose: a discussion of participation through computer-mediated communication in online settings of Swedish higher education. The theoretical departure derives from a transactional approach that embraces human action as an inseparable aspect of a dynamic whole, here defined as the activity of education. This activity is discussed in terms of its cultural, ecological, historical, and social aspects. This theoretical departure embraces ideas largely taken from ecological, pragmatic and sociocultural perspectives of human action. The papers include analyses of, variously, empirical material taken from interviews with students, online exchanges of utterances, syllabuses, and study-guides. Two of the papers are literature reviews. The findings indicate that participation in education is a complex boundless phenomenon that is best understood as a dynamic whole. In this whole, participation in education is culturally, ecologically, historically, and socially transformed by actions, agents, communication, tools, and the setting. In this thesis, concepts such as computermediated communication, communicative genres, dialogical intersections, and educational settings are utilised to reach a dynamic understanding. The dynamics of these findings, therefore, are a challenge to all dualistic conceptualisations of education, such as those building on the idea of learners operating in learning environments. Particularly, these findings challenge operationalisations of education that rely on computer-mediated communication and which build on the idea of so-called online learning environments. A more coherent understanding of participation in education is possible if educational research and design builds on a non-dualistic conceptualisation that includes the idea of participation being performed in a boundless activity.

Ship formed monuments from the Late Bronze Age on the island of Öland, southeast Sweden, have never been thoroughly dealt with in previous research, despite the fact that the region is suggested to have had a key-role in maritime trade networks. This thesis aims to address the ship formed monuments on Öland in relationship to the monuments in northern Småland and the island of Gotland. My goal is to discuss how the ship symbolism was practised during the Late Bronze Age in Scandinavia from a new perspective. I also aim to shed new light on the Bronze Age culture on Öland. I show that the ship formed monuments on Öland mark important maritime routes in the landscape leading to the core areas in the Late Bronze Age. These routes are not only linked to the trade which took place, but also to the landscape it self. I argue that the maritime movement in the landscape has helped to create and re-create the cosmology. Thus, the symbolic and practical function of the ship is tied together. Furthermore, I show that the memory connected to a mythological past has played a crucial role in the rituals leading up to the building of the monument. By integrating a circular view of time while interpreting the rituals instead of a linear one, I argue that this can be understood as a way of transforming the soul for rebirth.

For the appropriate operation and correct short term planning, daily demand curve (DDC) of municipal water distribution networks should be forecasted beforehand. For that purpose, artificial neural networks (ANN) is used as a new method. The proposed approach employs already recorded DDCs extracted from the database of ASKI (Ankara Water Authority) SCADA center and related independent parameters such as temperature and relative humidity obtained from DMI (State Meteorological Institute). In this study, a computer model was developed in order to forecast hourly DDCs using Matlab and related modules. Parameters that affect the consumption of the water were determined as temperature, relative humidity, human behavior (weekend or workday) and season. Randomly selected days were taken into account for performance of the ANN model. Forecasted DDC values were compared with recorded data and consequently the model gives relatively satisfactory results, an average of 75% match according to R2 values for Ankara N8-3 network. Same architecture was applied for Antalya network give better results, average of 85%. For planning purposes / total volume and peak water consumption values for the selected recorded days, the day before recorded days, ANN forecasted days and seasonal average was compared and seasonal average gave relatively better results. Using the forecasted DDC, (i) performance analysis of the pressure zone and (ii) optimum valve setting evaluation for pressure management were realized. The results of the study may help water utilities for short term planning of a water distribution network, rehabilitation of elements, taking counter measures and setting the valve openings for minimizing leakage and optimizing customer conformity of the distribution network.

For the appropriate operation and correct short term planning, daily demand curve (DDC) of municipal water distribution networks should be forecasted beforehand. For that purpose, artificial neural networks (ANN) is used as a new method. The proposed approach employs already recorded DDCs extracted from the database of ASKI (Ankara Water Authority) SCADA center and related independent parameters such as temperature and relative humidity obtained from DMI (State Meteorological Institute). In this study, a computer model was developed in order to forecast hourly DDCs using Matlab and related modules. Parameters that affect the consumption of the water were determined as temperature, relative humidity, human behavior (weekend or workday) and season. Randomly selected days were taken into account for performance of the ANN model. Forecasted DDC values were compared with recorded data and consequently the model gives relatively satisfactory results, an average of 75% match according to R2 values for Ankara N8-3 network. Same architecture was applied for Antalya network give better results, average of 85%. For planning purposes / total volume and peak water consumption values for the selected recorded days, the day before recorded days, ANN forecasted days and seasonal average was compared and seasonal average gave relatively better results. Using the forecasted DDC, (i) performance analysis of the pressure zone and (ii) optimum valve setting evaluation for pressure management were realized. The results of the study may help water utilities for short term planning of a water distribution network, rehabilitation of elements, taking counter measures and setting the valve openings for minimizing leakage and optimizing customer conformity of the distribution network.

Previous research has shown how home and parental characteristics support or hinder the development of children’s self-regulation in the family context. There have only been limited attempts to understand these mechanisms in early childhood education settings. This study used the NICHD Study of Early Child Care (when participating children were 36-months old) to examine the relations among various aspects of the early childhood education setting, the interactions in the setting, and children’s self-regulation in center-based and home-based settings. Structural equation modeling was used to test a model proposing the deconstruction of early childhood education quality into structural (i.e., environmental and caregiver characteristics) and process quality components (i.e., positive and negative interactions) and to examine these as predictors of three-years old children’s self-regulation abilities. A meditational model was tested in which positive and negative interactions in the classroom mediated the relations between the structural characteristics and self-regulation. There were three important findings. First, although there were no consistent patterns of associations between structural features and self-regulation across the two types of care, there were more significant relationships in home-based care compared to center-based care. These findings showed that the home-based caregiver characteristics were more closely tied to the processes in the classroom than those characteristics of caregivers in center care. Second, both positive and negative caregiving were associated with children’s compliance, which suggested that compliance may have been influenced differently by process quality compared to other self-regulation measures, such as self-control and emotion-, behavior-, and attention-regulation. It may be that high rates of compliance may be markers of highly restrictive caregiving rather than the result of good quality caregiving. Third, there were very few significant relationships between process quality measures and children’s self-regulation measures, which suggested that commonly used process quality measures may not be capturing the processes that are most important for the development of self-regulation. / text

No description available.

The scores here collected represent all the music heard in the recital of 3 April, 1995 (programme on p. iii), save "Shimmering Reflections on a Dark Carrall Street Night." This is an electroacoustic piece which does, however, appear on the accompanying recording.

Tourniquet Mirage, a piece for orchestra and processed sound, is based on the recitation of a poem of the same name. Recitations are recorded and altered electronically through granulation and phase vocoding. Granular synthesis cuts audio up into "short sound grains" and combines them into a sequence of grains to form a longer final output. Phase vocoding uses Fourier analysis to analyze audio and represent it as a series of amplitudes, phases, and frequencies. The phase vocoder then uses this information to manipulate the audio without altering the overall structure of the waveform. / The processed sound part is closely linked to the music in the orchestra. This is as a result of developing the pitch-material of the orchestra by spectrally analyzing the processed audio. At certain times, the relationship between the electronics part and the sound of the orchestra is blurred. To accomplish this, the related formal sections of the orchestra are situated in a canonic relationship with respect to the processed-sound part. The thesis is in two parts: an analysis and an orchestral score.