No description available.

During his reign from 193-211, Septimius Severus was responsible for a significant building programme in the city of Rome. This involved both new buildings and the restoration of existing structures. Previous scholarship, however, has tended to consider specific buildings of the period in isolation instead of analysing Severus' building programme as a whole. The purpose of the present study is to redress this by examining the overall programme in the historical context of Severus' reign through archaeological investigations, studies of art and architectural history, epigraphy, numismatics, and the literary record. A framework for the motivation behind Severus' building programme may be established by relating the types of buildings constructed anew or restored to what is known of his reign through other sources. Severus wished to portray himself as the rightful heir of the Antonines who had been chosen by divine providence to establish a renewed period of peace and prosperity. Through his building activity he exploited important institutions to underline this position and to legitimize his rule. By his concern for the physical fabric of the capital he at the same time reinforced the message that he had restored the prestige of the Empire. The importance attached to this restoration is attested by the numerous inscriptions placed throughout the city on the restored buildings and other structures proudly announcing the attentions of the new emperor. Much of the Severan enhancement and restoration seems to have been geared toward the celebration of the Secular Games in the capital, an event that heralded a new age of renewal and restoration. Severus' intention of establishing a new dynasty was also implicit in the creation of an architectural presence within the heritage of the imperial city. The use of a building programme within the capital to reinforce the policies of the emperor originated with the first emperor, Augustus. While not on the same scale as the Augustan redevelopment of the city, Severus' building activity followed this imperial tradition with a deliberate and concerted building programme that reflected his propagandistic aims. / Arts, Faculty of / Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, Department of / Graduate

Dans son ouvrage de référence L'Empire romain en mutation des Sévères à Constantin (192-337 p.C.), Jean-Michel Carrié évoque les changements intervenus dans les armées au cours du IIIe et du début du IVe siècles. Selon lui, “les tâches de patrouille aux frontières, la nécessité d'intervenir rapidement dans les secteurs menacés, a imposé une plus grande mobilité”. En échos à l'historiographie du XXe siècle, il n'hésite pas à parler pour l'année 378 p.C. d'une “armée largement reconvertie à l'arme équestre” au moment de la bataille d'Andrinople. L'idée d'une montée en puissance de l'arme de cavalerie au sein de l'armée romaine entre les règnes de Septime Sévère et de Théodose n'est pas nouvelle. Tous les auteurs abordant le sujet de l'évolution de l'armée romaine tardive mettent en exergue le renouveau de la cavalerie. Leur argumentaire repose essentiellement sur une source, la Notice des Dignités, et sur le fait que Gallien aurait créé un commandement de cavalerie vers 256 p.C. Il convient donc de reprendre tous les éléments du dossier et de s'interroger sur la réalité de cette “armée largement convertie à l'arme équestre”. Y a-t-il des changements structurels majeurs et un renouvellement de la hiérarchie ? Les missions attribuées, tant militaires que civiles, sont-elles vraiment différentes par rapport à celles du Haut-Empire ? Dans un premier temps, nous favorisons une approche chronologique des métamorphoses intervenues au sein de l'arme de cavalerie. Cette dernière est composée à l'orée du IIIe siècle de trois types d'unités héritées de l'armée du Principat : les alae, les cohortes equitatae et les equites legionis. La première partie s'intéresse à leur transformation -ci au cours des IIIe et IVe siècles. La deuxième partie se penche sur les innovations intervenues entre les règnes de Gallien et de Dioclétien. La troisième partie se concentre sur les mutations du IVe siècle de Constantin à Théodose. Dans un deuxième temps, il convient de revenir sur le quotidien des unités de cavalerie lorsqu'elles sont stationnées dans les camps ou les forts de l'Empire. La quatrième partie, traite ainsi, en deux volets, la vie en garnison. Dans un troisième et dernier temps, nous cherchons à déterminer les éventuels perfectionnements de l'arme de cavalerie. La cinquième partie est centrée sur le couple du cavalier et du cheval. Enfin, dans une sixième partie, il nous faut comprendre la nouvelle place occupée par la cavalerie au sein de l'armée romaine tardive en étudiant la physionomie du combat de cavalerie. / In his reference book L'Empire romain en mutation des Sévères à Constantin (192-337 p.C.), Jean-Michel Carrié evokes changes in the late Roman army. He notes that “tasks of border patrols and the need of quick intervention in threatened areas imposed a better mobility”. Echoing to twentieth-century historiography, he argues that the Roman army appears “largely converted to the cavalry” at the Battle of Adrianople (378 A.D.) Several historians have already written about the rise of the weapon of cavalry in the Roman army during the reigns of Septimius Severus and Theodosius. All of them agree to highlight the revival of cavalry when dealing with the evolution of the Late Roman army. Considering that Gallienus would have created a command of cavalry in 256 A.D., theirs works are mainly based upon the analysis of a fourth-century document called the Notitia Dignitatum. We endeavour to reopen the case in order to question the reality of an army supposedly “largely converted to the cavalry”. Were there such things as great structural changes and a renewal of the hierarchy? Would assigned missions, both military and civilian, be very different in the Late Empire than they were in the Early Empire?

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-05-15T11:38:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_UtilizacaoEugenolAnestesico.pdf: 900733 bytes, checksum: 0ac0a48dc454331d5a4dbd02b57bf900 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-05-16T19:16:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_UtilizacaoEugenolAnestesico.pdf: 900733 bytes, checksum: 0ac0a48dc454331d5a4dbd02b57bf900 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T19:16:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_UtilizacaoEugenolAnestesico.pdf: 900733 bytes, checksum: 0ac0a48dc454331d5a4dbd02b57bf900 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Foram realizados dois diferentes trabalhos, utilizando o eugenol como anestésico para o acará severo Heros severus. Ambos realizados no Laboratório de Peixes Ornamentais da Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus de Bragança. No primeiro trabalho, objetivou-se analisar a eficiência do eugenol como anestésico para duas classes de tamanho, alevinos e adultos do acará severo e verificar qual a dose mais eficiente no tempo de indução e recuperação à anestesia. Foram utilizados 120 indivíduos de H. severus, alevinos (n=60) e adultos (n=60). Os alevinos foram selecionados em tamanhos homogêneos e transferidos aleatoriamente para seis aquários de 60 L, da mesma forma os adultos para seis aquários de 200L, ambos em densidade de estocagem de 10 exemplares por aquário. Realizou-se os experimentos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos, concentrações de eugenol (50; 75; 100; 125; 150 e 175 Mg L-1 ) e 10 repetições, sendo o peixe a unidade experimental. Com base nos resultados encontrados, recomenda-se para os alevinos a concentração de 50 mg L-1, para realização de manejos de curta e de longa duração. Para os adultos, recomenda-se a concentração de 50 mg L-1 para procedimentos de curta duração e 75 Mg L-1 para procedimentos de longa duração. Com o segundo trabalho objetivou-se avaliar as respostas fisiológicas de adultos de acará severo anestesiados com a concentração ideal do eugenol encontrada no experimento anterior. Para realização do ensaio foi utilizado um total de 60 adultos de acará severo. Os peixes foram dispostos de maneira individual em 60 aquários de 60L contendo 45L de água. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, com cinco repetições, sendo o peixe a unidade experimental. Para verificar a ocorrência da influência do eugenol sobre os parâmetros fisiológicos e hematológicos do acará severo, coletou-se sangue dos peixes submetidos a três diferentes protocolos de procedimentos: anestesiado (peixes expostos a 75 mgL-1 de eugenol durante 133s); anestesia simulada (peixes submetidos a uma simulação do banho anestésico, também por 133 s, sem adição do anestésico); e controle (peixes mantidos no aquário sem manuseio e exposição ao anestésico). Para cada procedimento foram realizadas quatro amostragens de sangue em diferentes tempos: 0 (imediatamente após o procedimento), 6, 12 e 24h. A retirada da amostra sanguínea foi feita por punção do vaso caudal. Em seguida procedeu-se com a realização das seguintes analises: glicose, hematócrito (Ht), proteína total (Pt), hemoglobina (Hb), número de eritrócitos (Er), volume corpuscular médio (VCM), hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM), concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM), triglicerídeos (TGR) e colesterol (COL). A exposição de adultos de acará severo a anestesia com eugenol na concentração ideal de 75 mgL-1 por 133 segundos, causou alterações nos valores das variáveis, glicose, Ht, Pt, Hb, Er, VCM, HCM, CHCM, COL e TRI. Os resultados obtidos com os dois trabalhos mostram que o eugenol foi eficiente em induzir alevinos e adultos de acará severo ao estágio de anestesia e a concentração considerada ideal para anestesia dos adultos foi suficiente para causar alterações nas variáveis analisadas, desencadeando respostas fisiológicas características do estresse. / Thus, two different studies were conducted using eugenol as an anesthetic for severe discus Heros severus. Both studies were conducted in Tropical Fish Laboratory of the School of Coastal Studies Institute of Fisheries Engineering, Federal University of Pará, Campus de Bragança. In the first study aimed to analyze the efficiency of eugenol as an anesthetic for two size classes, fingerlings and adult severe discus and find what the most effective dose in time of induction and recovery of anesthesia. Were used 120 individuals of H. severus, fingerlings (n=60) and adults (n=60). The fingerlings were selected randomly in homogeneous sizes and transferred to six tanks of 60 L, as adults for six aquariums 200L, both at 10 copies per aquarium stocking density. We conducted the experiments in a completely randomized design with six treatments, eugenol concentrations (50; 75; 100; 125; 150 and 175 Mg L-1) and 10 repetitions, and the fish the experimental unit. Based on the findings is recommended for fry concentration of 50 mg L-1 to perform handlings short or long term and for adults, it is recommended that the concentration of 50mg L-1 for short procedures duration and 75 mgL-1 for long procedures. In the second study aimed to evaluate the physiological responses of acará severo adults anesthetized with the ideal concentration of eugenol found in the previous experiment. To perform the assay was used a total of 60 adult severe discus. The fish were placed individually in 60 60L aquariums containing 45L of water. We used a completely randomized design in a factorial 3 x 4 with five repetitions, and the fish the experimental unit. To verify the occurrence of eugenol influence on the physiological and hematological parameters of banded cichlid, was collected the blood of fish subjected to three diferentes protocols procedures anaesthetized (fish exposed to 75 mg L-1 of eugenol during 133 s); simulated anesthesia (fish subjected to a sumulation of anesthetic bath, also for 133 s, with only water and without adding the anesthetic); and control (fish kept in the aquarium without handing and exposure to anesthetic). For each procedure, there were four blood samplings at different times: 0 (immediately after procedure), 6, 12 and 24 h. The withdrawal of the blood sample was taken by puncture from the flow vessel with the held of needles and syringes 1 ml pre-moistened with EDTA 10%. Then were proceeded to carry out folloying analyzes: glucose, hematocrit, (Ht), total protein (Tp), hemoglobin (Hb), number of erytrocytes (Er), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), triglycerides (TGR), and cholesterol (COL). The banded cichlid adult exposure to anesthesia with eugenol in the ideal concentration of 75 mg L-1 by 133 seconds was enough to cause changes in the values of variables, glucose, Ht, Pt, Hb, Er, MCV, MCH, MCHC, COL and TRI. The results from the two studies show that eugenol was effective in inducing fry and adult severe discus to deep anesthesia stage stage in all tested concentrations and the concentration considered ideal for anesthesia of adults was enough to cause changes in the variables analyzed, triggering physiological responses characteristics of stress.

Le règne de Septimius Severus (193-211 apr. J.-C.) se situa entre la période de béatitude des Antonins et la crise de l’Empire romain du IIIe siècle. Cet empereur fut acclamé Auguste par ses légions de la Pannonie Supérieure et il fut contraint de se battre pendant quatre ans afin de demeurer au pouvoir. En y incorporant son origine africaine, ces constats pourraient nous porter à voir dans le règne de Severus les prémices de l’évolution entre le Principat et le Dominat, qui se seraient manifestées entre autres à travers son idéologie impériale. Ce mémoire de maîtrise illustre comment cet empereur adhéra à la tradition iconographique établie depuis le règne d’Auguste, et détermine également l’ampleur de ses innovations sur le plan idéologique. Ainsi, avec l’appui des sources iconographiques, épigraphiques et littéraires, nous nous efforçons à démontrer que l’idéologie de Severus. s’intègre dans une continuité évolutive de la perception du pouvoir impérial. / Septimius Severus reigned from 193 to 211 A.D., between the Golden Age of the Antonine dynasty and the third century crisis of the Roman Empire. He was saluted emperor by his legions of Upper Pannonia but was compelled to fight two civil wars to retain power. From this, and his African origin, it could be interpreted that the imperial rule of Severus was the genesis of the evolution from the Principate to the Dominate, expressed through his imperial ideology. This Master’s thesis examines how an emperor of African origin adhered to the iconographic traditions inaugurated under the reign of Augustus, and establishes the degree and nature of his ideological innovations. Founded on literary, epigraphic and iconographical sources, this research will demonstrate that the ideology of Severus was part of the continued evolution of the Romans’ perception of imperial power.

Leptis Magna a joué un rôle essentiel dans l'histoire de l'Afrique du Nord. Ce rôle se base sur des données économiques de la ville et de la bonne gestion de ses élites, qui sont ouvertes à la politique de romanisation en adoptant les coutumes et les modèles de l'architecture romaine. Parmi les élites les plus célèbres, celle de la famille des Spetimii : Septime Sévère qui accéda au trône en 193 après J-.C, sous son règne Leptis Magna atteint son apogée et devient la Rome Africaine, en y édifiant les bâtiments sévériens qui font l’objet de cette étude. Le choix de ce sujet se justifie essentiellement par l’importance de l'urbanisme lepcitain et ses caractéristiques à l’époque sévérienne. Qui ont généré des travaux foisonnants en plusieurs langues. Un bilan est désormais nécessaire qui aura pour objectif de mettre en évidence l’importance et l’originalité de cette phase sévérienne: aussi bien pour la ville elle-même que pour l’idéologie impériale, qui s’est manifestée ici de manière éclatante. Nous essayerons ici de connaitre pour quelles raisons Septime Sévère accorda toute son attention à construire ces édifices somptueux pendant une courte période. Parce qu'elle était sa ville natale ? Où bien, présentait-elle un bénéfice avantageux pour Rome ? L'intérêt de ces monuments grandioses datés de l’époque romaine nécessite une recherche historico-scientifique au niveau du tissu urbain : connaitre leur fonctionnement et leur rôle dans la société romaine; étudier leurs composants esthétiques en essayant de trouver les points communs entre eux; également mesurer l’amplitude de la production artistique et sa relation avec le développement politique et économique de la ville. / Leptis Magna has played a vital role in the history of North Africa.This role is based on the economic data of the city and the good management of its elites who are opened the policy of Romanization by adopting the Roman customs and patterns of Roman architecture. Among elites, most famous are those of the family Septimii which allowed his child, Septimius Severus, came to the throne in 193 AD. Under the reign of this emperor, Leptis Magna reached its peak of prosperity and became the Rome of Africa by setting up a massive constructions program: “The Severan Buildings” are the subject of this study. The choice of this subject is essentially justified by the importance of planning lepcitain characteristics at the Severan period, which generated abundant work in multiple languages. Now an assessment is necessary to highlight the importance and originality of this Severan phase: both for the city itself as well as for imperial ideology, which is conveyed brilliantly. We will try here to know why Septimius Severus gave his full attention to build these magnificent buildings in a short period. Perhaps because it was his hometown? Or was the town an advantageous asset for Rome? The beauty of these great monuments dating from the Roman era requires a historical and scientific research in the urban fabric: To know their operation and their role in Roman society; to study their aesthetic components and to find the common points between them, also to measure the amplitude of the artistic production and its relationships with the political and economic development of the city.

Le règne de Septimius Severus (193-211 apr. J.-C.) se situa entre la période de béatitude des Antonins et la crise de l’Empire romain du IIIe siècle. Cet empereur fut acclamé Auguste par ses légions de la Pannonie Supérieure et il fut contraint de se battre pendant quatre ans afin de demeurer au pouvoir. En y incorporant son origine africaine, ces constats pourraient nous porter à voir dans le règne de Severus les prémices de l’évolution entre le Principat et le Dominat, qui se seraient manifestées entre autres à travers son idéologie impériale. Ce mémoire de maîtrise illustre comment cet empereur adhéra à la tradition iconographique établie depuis le règne d’Auguste, et détermine également l’ampleur de ses innovations sur le plan idéologique. Ainsi, avec l’appui des sources iconographiques, épigraphiques et littéraires, nous nous efforçons à démontrer que l’idéologie de Severus. s’intègre dans une continuité évolutive de la perception du pouvoir impérial. / Septimius Severus reigned from 193 to 211 A.D., between the Golden Age of the Antonine dynasty and the third century crisis of the Roman Empire. He was saluted emperor by his legions of Upper Pannonia but was compelled to fight two civil wars to retain power. From this, and his African origin, it could be interpreted that the imperial rule of Severus was the genesis of the evolution from the Principate to the Dominate, expressed through his imperial ideology. This Master’s thesis examines how an emperor of African origin adhered to the iconographic traditions inaugurated under the reign of Augustus, and establishes the degree and nature of his ideological innovations. Founded on literary, epigraphic and iconographical sources, this research will demonstrate that the ideology of Severus was part of the continued evolution of the Romans’ perception of imperial power.

How can a character from a children’s book become so divisive that he causes arguments amongst adults? This essay uses transactional reader response theory to explain the reason why the character Severus Snape from the Harry Potter book series by J.K. Rowling is so controversial. Applying notions from reader response theorists such as Rosenblatt and Iser together with earlier research on Snape will show how the reader’s opinion is affected by both the text itself and their own personal experience. A poll was created and posted on Facebook with over a thousand replies. This data is analysed and used to apply the theory on real examples. The conclusion of the essay is that Snape is both good and bad. He acts heroically but is also vindictive and petty. Snape is perhaps the most human of all Rowling’s characters and each reader recognises a little of themselves in him that they can relate to. Because of ongoing arguments regarding Snape readers have to constantly defend their opinion. As the opinion is re-evaluated it is also strengthened each time readers reconsider the story of Snape and, like Snape himself once asked Professor Quirrell to do, decide where their loyalties lie.

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-05-15T11:38:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_EfeitoSalinidadeFrequencia.pdf: 1118787 bytes, checksum: 690d004e7b2f4e8c76430666f4893b2f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-05-16T19:31:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_EfeitoSalinidadeFrequencia.pdf: 1118787 bytes, checksum: 690d004e7b2f4e8c76430666f4893b2f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T19:31:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_EfeitoSalinidadeFrequencia.pdf: 1118787 bytes, checksum: 690d004e7b2f4e8c76430666f4893b2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-21 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Com o estudo objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da salinidade e da frequência de alimentação no crescimento, uniformidade e sobrevivência de pós-larvas de acará bandeira Pterophyllum scalare e acará severo Heros severus. Foram realizados dois experimentos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com cinco diferentes concentrações de cloreto de sódio (0; 2; 4; 6 e 8 g L-1), duas frequências alimentares (2 e 4 vezes ao dia) e quatro repetições. Foi observado que a salinidade da água e a frequência alimentar influenciaram significativamente (p < 0,05) no comprimento do tronco e altura do corpo de larvas de acará bandeira. O diâmetro do olho foi influenciado (p < 0,05) apenas pela salinidade, enquanto que o comprimento padrão final, ganho de comprimento padrão, comprimento da cabeça, comprimento do tronco, comprimento pós-anal, altura da cabeça, altura do corpo, peso final, ganho de peso, taxa de crescimento específico e fator de condição alométrico diferiram significativamente (p < 0,05) pela frequência de alimentação. Na larvicultura do acará severo, houve diferença significativa (p < 0,05) no comprimento da cabeça, comprimento pós-anal, altura da cabeça e fator de condição alométrico pela salinidade e frequência alimentar. A salinidade da água influenciou significativamente (p < 0,05) o comprimento padrão final, ganho de comprimento padrão, comprimento do tronco, diâmetro do olho, altura do corpo, taxa de sobrevivência e uniformidade em peso. A frequência alimentar influenciou significativamente (p < 0,05) o peso final, ganho de peso e taxa de crescimento específico. Concluiu-se que as pós-larvas de acará bandeira podem ser cultivadas com salinidade de até 4 g L-1 sem problemas ao desenvolvimento e sobrevivência. Por outro lado, as pós-larvas de acará severo obtiveram melhor taxa de sobrevivência em água sem adição de sal. A frequência alimentar de quatro vezes ao dia com náuplios de Artemia é a mais recomendada para ambas as espécies. / With the study aimed to evaluate the effect of salinity and feeding frequency on growth, uniformity and survival of the angelfish Pterophyllum scalare and banded cichlid post-larvae. Were conducted two experiments in a completely randomized in a factorial 5 x 2, with five different sodium chloride concentrations (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8 g L-1) and two feed frequency (2 and 4 times per day). It was observed the water salinity and feeding frequency influenced significantly (p < 0,05) in torso length and body height in the angelfish larviculture. The eye diameter, was affected (p < 0,05) only by salinity, while the final standard length, standard length gain, head length, torso length, post-anal length, head height, body height, final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and allometric condition factor differed significantly (p < 0,05) only for the feeding frequency. In the banded cichlid larviculture, there was a significant difference (p < 0,05) in the head length, post-anal length, head height and allometric condition factor by salinity and feeding frequency. The water salinity influenced significantly (p < 0,05) the final standard length, standard length gain, torso length, eye diameter, body height, survival hate and uniformity in weight. The feeding frequency influenced significantly (p < 0,05) the final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate. It was concluded that angelfish post-larvae can be grown with salinity up to 4 g L-1 without problems for the development and survival. On the other hand, the banded cichlid post-larvae had better survival hate in water without salt add. The feeding frequency of four times a day with artemia nauplii is the most recommended for the both species.

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-05-15T16:16:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ExigenciaProteinaBruta.pdf: 1037225 bytes, checksum: b0ee7e8113a8ce415345116591811345 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-05-18T13:03:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ExigenciaProteinaBruta.pdf: 1037225 bytes, checksum: b0ee7e8113a8ce415345116591811345 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T13:03:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ExigenciaProteinaBruta.pdf: 1037225 bytes, checksum: b0ee7e8113a8ce415345116591811345 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-21 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A aquicultura é a prática de criar de forma controlada organismos aquáticos, dividindo-se em dois segmentos: alimentação humana e fins ornamentais. Dentre os organismos contribuintes para a diversidade da ictiofauna ornamental Amazônica, encontra-se o acará severo (Heros severus). Quando criado em cativeiro, aceita bem todo tipo de ração industrializada, no entanto, ainda são desconhecidas as exigências nutricionais para a espécie, inclusive quanto ao requerimento de proteína. Desta forma, realizaram-se dois experimentos com o objetivo de determinar a exigência de proteína bruta (PB) na dieta de alevinos e juvenis de H. severus. Em ambos os experimentos testaram-se cinco dietas isoenergéticas (3.200 kcal de ED/ kg) contendo cinco níveis de PB (28%, 32%, 36%, 40% e 44% de PB). No experimento com alevinos, 75 indivíduos (21,31 ± 1,48 mm e 0,16 ± 0,04 g) foram distribuídos em 15 aquários (30L), em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e três repetições. Durante 105 dias, os alevinos foram alimentados a uma taxa de 10% do seu peso vivo, três vezes ao dia. Não houve efeito significativo (P>0,05) dos níveis de PB da dieta sobre a sobrevivência, índice hepatossomático, viscerossomático e umidade corporal. Ocorreu efeito quadrático do ganho de peso e comprimento, taxa de crescimento específico, consumo de ração diário e conversão alimentar com o aumento dos níveis de PB da dieta, estimando-se valores de 41,86%; 40,42%; 41,29%; 39,60%; 43,54% de PB, respectivamente. Ocorreu efeito quadrático da proteína corporal, lipídeo corporal e cinzas, com o aumento dos níveis de PB da dieta, estimando-se valores de 40,64%; 37,77% e 37,50% de PB, respectivamente. No experimento com os juvenis, foram distribuídos 100 indivíduos com 50,03 ± 12,05 mm e 2,30 ± 0,55 g em 20 aquários (50L), em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Durante 105 dias os juvenis foram alimentados a uma taxa de 3% do seu peso vivo, duas vezes ao dia. Não houve efeito significativo (P>0,05) dos níveis de proteína da dieta sobre a sobrevivência de juvenis. Foi observado efeito quadrático do ganho de peso, taxa de crescimento específico, conversão alimentar, taxa de eficiência proteica e índice hepatossomático de juvenis, estimando-se valores de 37,03%; 37,20%; 35,13%; 35,85%; 38,78% de PB, respectivamente. A glicemia e o hematócrito apresentaram menores valores (P<0,05) nos peixes que receberam dieta com o menor teor de proteína. Com base no desempenho, eficiência de utilização dos nutrientes e índices de condição corporal de alevinos e juvenis de acará severo, estima-se os níveis de 37,77% a 43,54% e 34,74% a 38,78% de PB, respectivamente. / Aquaculture is the practice of create a controlled manner aquatic organisms and is divided into two segments: food and ornamental purposes. Among the contributing organisms to the diversity of Brazilian Amazon ornamental fish fauna, it is severum (Heros severus). When bred in captivity, accepts all kinds of feed industrialized, nevertheless, are still unknown the nutritional requirements for species, including the protein requirement. There were two experiments in order to evaluate the requirement of crude protein (CP) in the fingerlings diet and juvenile Heros severus. In both experiments was test five isocaloric diets (3,200 kcal DE / kg) with five levels of CP (28, 32, 36, 40 and 44% CP). In the experiments, 75 fingerlings and 100 juveniles were distributed in 15 and 20 aquariums with a volume of 30L and 50L, respectively, in a completely randomized design with five treatments and three and four replications, respectively, and the aquarium the experimental unit. During 105 days, the fingerlings and juveniles were fed at a rate of 10 and 3% of body weight three and twice daily, respectively. There wasn’t significant effect of CP levels in the diet on survival, hepatossomatic index, viscerossomatic and moisture body for fingerlings (P>0.05). There quadratic effect of weight gain, length, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion with increasing dietary crude protein levels (P<0.05), estimating values 41.86; 40.42, 41.29; 39.60; 43.54% CP, respectively. There was quadratic effect of body protein, lipid and ash body, with increasing levels of crude protein diet, estimating values 40.64; 37.77 and 37.50% CP, respectively. There was not significant effect of dietary protein levels on the survival of juveniles (P>0.05). It was observed quadratic effect of weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion, protein efficiency rate and hepatossomatic rate of juveniles (P<0.05), estimating values of 37.03; 37.20; 35.13; 35.85; 38.78% CP, respectively. The feed intake showed a linear increase (P<0.05) with increased levels of dietary protein. There was a linear decrease (P<0.05) viscerossomatic rate with increasing levels of dietary protein. Blood glucose and hematocrit showed lower values (P<0.05) in fish fed diet with lower content protein. Based on performance, efficient use of nutrients and body condition indices fingerlings and juveniles of severum, estimated levels from 37.77 to 43.54% and from 34.74 to 38.78% CP, respectively.