This master thesis focuses on the worldwide optical connection situation.Within the respective regions of Asia-Pacific,the Americas and Europe, it identifies the main countries and focuses on the situation and share of FTTx subscribers in them.It tries to answer the question of what technologies are represented the most on particular markets. Within each country,two service providers are chosen and their offer analyzed.For an overview,the price offer for an Internet connection with the highest transmission rate and the price for VoIP service are provided. The analytical part uses the obtained data from individual countries and regions for a price comparison and market forecast.The price comparison deals with the price level of a standard connection in relation to GDP per capita in PPS.This comparison enables the discovery of how expensive the Internet connection via FTTx is in a particular country.Furthermore, the analytical part, in relevant countries, focuses on the calculation of the ratio of costs for the yearly use of a FTTx subscription in relation to the disposable family income. The highest ratio-8.37%-was recorded in India. The thesis also includes a market forecast in the horizon of the end of 2009 and 2010 for the most important countries.For each country,the main growth factor is identified and subsequently the development for the entire year 2009 and 2010 is forecast.The worldwide forecast is 61.37 million (as of the end of 2009) and 72.67 million (as of the end of 2010) FTTx subscriptions.The contribution of this master thesis is the analysis of in what state of development the market of Internet optical connection is in the most important countries, with price comparisons and a market forecast constituting further contributions.

This graduation theses provides on the basis of an analysis fundamental and technical investment recommendation regarding shares of ČEZ. In determining the internal value of shares are used dividend discount models, profit models and FCFE model. By comparing this value with the current share price is determined whether the stock is profitable investment or not. Technical analysis with utilization graphical methods and technical indicators are able to predict when the market occurs a situation in which an advantageous sale or purchase of share is.

The objective of the thesis is to characterize the importance of information and consequently also of knowledge as the bases for active dealing in the stock market. The fundamental terms of information credibility, disinformation and information asymmetry, which have a cardinal effect on behaviour of particular participants of the market, are mentioned in the thesis. The theory of effective markets and the factors due to which it is not able to explain the development and the real state of the contemporary stock markets, are analysed in more detail in the thesis. A considerable part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis and the definition of information need as a basic requirement for making successful investment decisions of an individual, whereas ways to its fulfilment are implied -- including a description and a division of available information sources. The description and the analysis of several dealing strategies which are directly based on usage of various kinds of information are not missing in the thesis. A part of the work is a presentation and an analysis of the results of a research made among real investors.

The master's thesis deals with the characteristics of a limited liability company in the Czech Republic and Germany. It focuses primarily on the issues of establishment and incorporation of the company and looks for and comments the possible differences in the legislation of the both countries. The thesis is divided into thematic units to be synoptic, where within each unit characterizes in the first instance the Czech legislation, thereafter German legislation and then subsequently are the both legislations compared. The aim of the thesis is to familiarize the readers with the basic differences in the both legislations.

This thesis deals with the tax systems and tax competitiveness of the European Union countries. Aim is to analyze the influence of competitiveness on the growth of tax revenues for selected taxes. The analysis is applied to a personal income tax, corporate income tax and value added tax. The method of constant tax shares divides the total tax revenues growth in the monitored period between two effects -- the influence of competitiveness and the influence of growth in total tax revenues. The thesis also contains characteristics of tax systems and tax mixes. Tax systems are characterized by individual taxes focusing on the importance of each tax in the tax system. Tax mixes are described by the main factors that affect them, by their historical development and current trends.

In the first chapter of my diploma thesis, I try to show some general patterns concerning the securities and I also deal with the classification of securities and with the question of emitting the securities. In the second chapter, I pay my attention to the theme of shares as basic participant securities and I also try to clarify some other terms such as joint-stock companies, negotiable papers or rights of minority shareholders. In the following part of my thesis, I deal with the theme of interim certificates and I also try to explain the process of their exchanging for shares. In the next chapter, I pay my attention to the theme of additional securities (stock warrants, time warrants). In the semi-final chapter of my thesis, I deal with the theme of bonds (priority bonds, exchangeable bonds, mortgage debenture bonds). In the last part of my thesis, I try to compare the current legal form (concerning the securities) to that which shall come into force by 1. 1. 2014.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-16T18:42:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Talmo Curto de Oliveira.pdf: 979878 bytes, checksum: 6dbec20483e36e99efec62c64fefdd09 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-16T18:42:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Talmo Curto de Oliveira.pdf: 979878 bytes, checksum: 6dbec20483e36e99efec62c64fefdd09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / Sport is a phenomenon that is growing worldwide. It is used by various social actors in different ways and goals. This study aims to verify the existence of social capital and intra-organizational strategic alignment are mechanisms that influence the isomorphism of Example pedagogy among practitioners student-athletes Program Athlete of the Future SESI / SP. The theoretical framework was based on the fundamental concepts of social capital, strategic alignment, and isomorphism intraorganizational networks, rescuing the history of the sport phenomenon. For this purpose, it is planned research into two phases. At first, there was a collection of primary data through semi-structured interview with a director and a sports specialist SESI/SP, along with documentary secondary data. Basis of these results, a quantitative research tool, a questionnaire was developed and applied to student-athletes SESI/SP in order to understand what their perceptions of the initiatives of the SESI/SP managers. It was noticed that the isomorphic behavior, critical to the implementation of programs that seek to spread and repeat morally accepted behavior, has a greater chance of acceptance and absorption in student-athletes sports organizations when there is social capital. In particular, when there is the feeling of belonging, community and sense of community. They are therefore social networking elements and non-structural mechanisms of strategic alignment that allow this type of program in sports organizations. Visa point of substantive domain, it has to be the sports organizations managers who want to implement this type of program or strengthen what already exists should invest in better relationships between individuals, especially in teacher relations and student-athletes to that this type of program has greater chances of success. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar se a existência de capital social e o alinhamento estratégico intraorganizacional são mecanismos que influenciam o isomorfismo da Pedagogia do Exemplo dentre os alunos-atletas praticantes de Programa Atleta do Futuro do SESI/SP. O referencial teórico foi baseado nos conceitos fundamentais de capital social, alinhamento estratégico, isomorfismo, pedagogia do exemplo e redes intraorganizacionais, resgatando a história do fenômeno esporte. Para tal, planeja-se uma pesquisa em duas fases. Na primeira, realizou-se uma coleta de dados primários por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com um diretor e uma especialista de esportes do SESI/SP, juntamente com dados secundários documentais. De base desses resultados, um instrumento de pesquisa quantitativo, um questionário, foi elaborado e aplicado aos alunos-atletas do SESI/SP a fim de se compreender quais as percepções deles em relação às iniciativas dos gestores do SESI/SP. Percebeu-se que o comportamento isomórfico, fundamental para a implementação de programas que buscam a propagação e a repetição de comportamentos moralmente aceitos, tem maiores chances de aceitação e absorção em alunos-atletas de organizações esportivas quando existe capital social. Em especial, quando existe o sentimento de pertencimento, coletividade e senso de comunidade. São, portanto, elementos de relacionamento social e não mecanismos estruturais de alinhamento estratégico que possibilitam esse tipo de programa em organizações esportivas. Do ponto de vista do domínio substantivo, tem-se que os gestores de organizações esportivas que pretendem implementar esse tipo de programa ou fortalecer o que já existe devem investir em melhores relacionamentos entre os indivíduos, principalmente, nas relações professor e alunos-atletas, para que esse tipo de programa tenha maiores chances de sucesso.

Majoriteten av Sveriges vägnät består av enskilda vägar. Dessa utgörs vanligtvis av en gemensamhetsanläggning som förvaltas av en samfällighetsförening och som är gemensam egendom för de fastigheter som ingår i gemensamhetsanläggningen. De ingående fastigheterna åsätts andelstal som anger den andel som varje fastighet ska betala för drift och underhåll av anläggningen. Det kan uppstå situationer där förhållandena för de ingående fastigheterna ändras. Exempelvis genom att en obebyggd fastighet bebyggs, en väg får en ny sträckning eller att en fastighet ändrar användningssätt. Detta ändrade förhållande medför att andelstalet som gäller för berörd fastighet kan komma att behöva justeras för att motsvara de nya förhållandena. Syftet med detta arbete är att ta reda på hur ändringar av andelstal hanteras av samfällighetsföreningar som förvaltar enskilda vägar samt om ändringarna sker inom ramen för reglerna i anläggningslagen. Målet med studien blir därmed att utforska i vilken utsträckning samfällighetsföreningarna kontaktat Lantmäteriet för att av dem få de nya andelstalen införda i fastighetsregistret. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar har en enkätundersökning genomförts. Enkäten skickades ut till registrerade medlemmar i intresseorganisationen Riksförbundet Enskilda Vägars medlemsregister i Uppsala län och Gävleborgs län. Resultatet av studien visar på att majoriteten av samfällighetsföreningarna som deltagit i enkäten erhåller bidrag, som tycks vara ett incitament till att föreningarna i viss utsträckning inte fastställer korrekta andelstal. Studien visar att de föreningar som får fastställa andelstalen med stöd av 24 a § anläggningslagen (styrelsebeslut) samt de som tillämpat 43 § anläggningslagen (överenskommelse), det vill säga på annat sätt än genom 35 § anläggningslagen (omprövningsförrättning) vid fastställande av nya andelstal, att 49,1 procent inte har anmält ändringen till Lantmäteriet för registrering i fastighetsregistret. 58,3 procent av de som tillämpat 43 § anläggningslagen har inte anmält beslutet till Lantmäteriet för prövning och godkännande. Detta ifrågasätter informationens tillförlitlighet gällande andelstalen som framgår i fastighetsregistret. Resultatet visar också att fastställandet av nya andelstal inte alltid sker med stöd av tillämpliga metoder enligt anläggningslagen samt att orsaken till varför omprövningsförrättning enligt huvudregeln i 35 § anläggningslagen inte tillämpats, ska i huvudsak bero på kostnaden det medför. Studien visar också på att det nuvarande systemet för fastställande av andelstal inte fungerar på ett tillfredsställande sätt. Majoriteten av respondenterna önskar att föreningen själv ska kunna ändra andelstalen, men uppfattningarna om hur fastställandet ska gå till skiljer sig åt bland föreningarna. / The majority of Sweden's road network consists of private roads. These are usually commons, a jointly held system called a joint facility which is managed by a joint property management association. The properties included in the facility are assigned a participatory share figure that specifies the proportion of which each property will pay for management and maintenance of the facility. There may be situations where the conditions for the including properties of the facility change. For example, by building an undeveloped property, a road gets a new stretch, or property changes its way of use. This changed situation means that the participatory share figure may need to be adjusted to correspond to the new conditions. The aim of this study is to find out how changes of participatory share figures are handled by the joint property management association that manages private roads as well as whether the changes are made within the framework of the rules of the Joint Property Act. The goal of the study is thus to explore the extent to which the joint property management association contacted Lantmäteriet (the Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority) to get the new figures registered in the real property register. To answer the questions of the study a web-based survey was conducted and sent to members of the Swedish Private Road Association. Members from Uppsala County and Gävleborg County were asked to participate. The study shows that the majority of the joint property management associations are receiving subsidies, which seems to be an incentive for the associations to a certain extent not to determine the correct participatory share figures. The study shows that the associations that are allowed to determine the participatory share figures based on 24 a § of the Joint Property Act and those who have applied 43 § of the Joint Property Act, namely another method than reconsider according to 35 § of the Joint Property Act, that 49,1 per cent have not contacted Lantmäteriet for registration of the new participatory share figures in the real property register. 58,3 per cent of those who applied 43 § of the Joint Property Act have not notified Lantmäteriet for a review and approval of the agreement, according to the law. This questions the reliability of the information regarding the participatory share figures in the real property register. The result also shows that the determination of new participatory share figures is not always based on applicable methods according to the law. A reason why the reconsider method was not used, was mainly due to the cost it entails. The study also shows that the current system for determining participatory share figures does not work satisfactorily. There is a wish among the associations that they would be able to change the share figures themselves, but how, that opinion differs among the associations.

Den 10 mars 2000 blev det lagligt för publika aktiebolag att köpa tillbaka sina egna aktier i Sverige. Företag har därefter tagit tillfället i akt och använt detta distributionssätt. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka huruvida det finns skillnader i olika branscher gällande aktieåterköp under tidsperioden 2011–2019. Branscherna som studerades var industri, läkemedel, fastigheter, dagligvaror och telekommunikation. Undersökningen utfördes för att se om branschtillhörighet hade en inverkan på företag som använder sig av aktieåterköp. Samtliga företag som ingår i undersökningen är noterade på Nasdaq OMX Stockholm, Large-Cap. Studien använde en kvantitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats. Ett hypotestest utfördes som sedan prövades med en regressionsanalys för att se om det fanns signifikanta skillnader på aktieåterköp i olika branscher. Resultatet påvisade att det inte fanns några signifikanta branschskillnader, och branschtillhörighet har därför ingen inverkan på huruvida ett företag använder sig av aktieåterköp. Resultatet i denna studie går i linje med Higgins (1972) studie The corporate dividend-saving decision som menade att valet av utdelningspolitik inte påverkas av branschen företaget befinner sig i. / On March 10, 2000, it became legal for public limited companies to buy back their own shares in Sweden. Companies have since taken the opportunity and used this method of distribution. This study aims to examine whether there are differences in different industries regarding share repurchases during the period 2011-2019. The industries studied were pharmaceuticals, real estate, industry, consumer goods and telecommunications. The survey was conducted to see if industry affiliation had an impact on companies that use share repurchases. All companies included in the survey are listed on Nasdaq OMX Stockholm, Large-Cap. The study used a quantitative method with a deductive approach. A hypothesis test was performed which was then tested with a regression analysis to see if there were significant differences in share repurchases in various industries. The results showed that there were no significant industry differences, and industry affiliation therefore has no effect on whether a company uses share repurchases. The results of this study are in line with Higgins' (1972) study the corporate dividend-saving decision, which stated that the choice of dividend policy is not affected by the industry the company operates in.

Legal means of protecting minority members of a limited liability company in case of increase of share capital by making additional contributions Abstract This Master Thesis deals with legal means of protecting minority members of a limited liability company in case of increase of share capital by making additional contributions. The main objective is to explore and analyze legal remedies that are embodied in the Business Corporations Act. Primarily whether these remedies, in accordance with their protective purpose, ensure protection of minority shareholders against deterioration, and also functioning and possibilities of achieving the purpose for which the company was established is taken into account. The main methods in the elaboration of this diploma thesis were bibliography research and research on case law, especially of the Czech courts, and the subsequent analytical method. With the help of abstraction and subsequent synthesis of the obtained information, the individual partial and main conclusions are generalized. Among the most used methods of interpretation are linguistic, systematic, logical, and teleological method. This thesis is divided into four main chapters. Each chapter is internally divided into subchapters, which are then in some cases structured into individual points. The first two...