The city of Johannesburg has battled with the condition of homelessness for years, identifying a problem even before our emancipation from the ruthless apartheid construct (Beavon, 2004). Political measures have subsequently been implemented in order to combat its harsh effects, introducing various short-term housing policies and theoretical solutions for the homeless in the city. The temporary housing institution as a body is therefore representative, for many people, of the first step in the process toward a legitimate and permanent housing solution. However, the institution as it exists today, does so in both a social and political vacuum. The great divide between the temporary solution and the initial rungs of the social housing ladder give the user little to no option for situational improvement (Olufemi, 1998). These collective spaces for the ostracised community, through their layered autonomous nature, divorce the user even further from the community aimed to be reunited with. The institution as a typology requires investigation, interrogation and reintegration within existing and enforced political structures. The immediate accommodation answer needs to be seen both as an independent entity as well as only part of a greater strategy for a permanent, integrated and holistic housing solution. The contestation of the institution is not the argument, but rather a proposal for its deconstruction and ultimate innovative reconnection through a strategy of layered inversion. If we choose to view the city and many of its microcosmic constructs through a post-structuralist or deconstructivist lens, we begin to understand the prevalence of the disjointed other within the urban whole: The homeless woman is the city’s marginalised user. The alleyway; the silent ‘other’ to the prominent street. The vacant space is the forgotten site. And if the physicality of structure is the prominent former, the network and connections existing between built forms must be the secondary within the realm of architecture. If we connect the city’s marginalised elements, through the vessel of temporary accommodation as the initial part of an integrated housing model, the role of the institution is inverted rather than its function or programme. Therefore, the ‘exo-stution’ is the folding out and reconnection of the existing ‘in-stitution’ is an answer to the city’s detached collection of limited - where marginalised user, space and structure collectively connect street, suburb and city.

Este texto pretende investigar quais paradigmas pautaram as políticas de acolhimento de crianças e adolescentes no Brasil, no século XX e início do XXI, através do conceito de paradigma de dois autores; Roberto da Silva e Sylvia Constant Vergara, analisando um serviço de acolhimento específico: a Casa Crescer e Brilhar de São Vicente - SP e se o serviço de acolhimento analisado, está conseguindo implementar as mudanças introduzidas pela doutrina de proteção integral e pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente - ECA. Para isso, buscamos a história da Casa Crescer e Brilhar, uma instituição fundada em 1974 para abrigar crianças e adolescentes em situação irregular, conforme a legislação vigente na época. Utilizamos atas das reuniões de diretoria da instituição, através da metodologia da análise de conteúdo. Encontramos situações que apontam graduais conquistas no atendimento da entidade, cumprindo com o que determina a legislação, principalmente no contato e reaproximação com as famílias, no exercício do direito ao lazer e preparação para o mundo do trabalho. A instabilidade dos convênios com o município e os editais de fomento que propiciam recursos financeiros, desgastam a equipe técnica e a diretoria, mas foram responsáveis por boa parte das conquistas. A falta de políticas públicas no município para a saúde, educação e habitação, alimentam ciclos de acolhimento institucional de crianças e adolescentes de famílias pobres / This text intends to investigate which paradigms guided the policies for the reception of children and adolescents in Brazil, in the twentieth century and the beginning of the XXI, through the paradigm concept of two authors; Roberto da Silva and Sylvia Constant Vergara, analyzing a specific reception service: Casa Crescer e Shine of São Vicente - SP and if the host service analyzed, is managing to implement the changes introduced by the doctrine of integral protection and by the Statute of the Child and of Adolescents - ECA. For this, we look for the history of Casa Crescer e Shine, an institution founded in 1974 to house children and adolescents in an irregular situation, according to the legislation in force at the time. We use minutes of the board meetings of the institution, through the methodology of content analysis. We find situations that indicate gradual achievements in the care of the entity, complying with what determines the legislation, mainly in the contact and rapprochement with the families, in the exercise of the right to leisure and preparation for the world of work. The instability of the agreements with the municipality and the funding announcements that provide financial resources, wear out the technical team and the board, but were responsible for most of the achievements. The lack of public policies in the municipality for health, education and housing, feed institutional cycles of children and adolescents from poor families

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline Angelo da Cruz.pdf: 533959 bytes, checksum: 5b7556b335bb0291d8c0611f6c181886 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-26 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / This research broaches the question about adolescent s evasion in situations of shelter house, supported by the Winnicott s comprehension about the affective development process. The adolescents who are conduct for the shelter houses are subject to various type of vulnerability, such as poverty, family disorder (many times with psychiatric problems and parents addition in drugs), the exploration and sexual abuse, physics and moral violence, in sum up conjunctures what can describe a lack of support of familiar and social care. The shelter house s situations provide objectives environmental situation better than theirs original environments, however, it s common the evasion and the voluntary return of the adolescents to more precarious environmental situations. The question which we approached was: What are the psycho-affectives dynamics which can clarify the causes of that choice. The evasion situation these shelter houses, is deeply concerned with the completion of antisocial attitudes which leads us to look for in Winnicott also an explanation of this phenomenon. For him (1946b), antisocial attitude derives fundamentally from environmental failures which deprive the individual, in other words remove abruptly something he has (in terms of environmental support), considering the antisocial attitude as a help to led to the environment. In the case of evasions, we consider that Winnicot can explaining the role of environmental support in its early stages of emotional development, to show that situations of deprivation performed by the environment, could become the basis of the attitude of evasion, in other words the evasion occurs because of the need for a very specific holding refers to the tendency antisocial, which is the need to survive the environment to attack made against it. / Esta pesquisa aborda a quest?o da evas?o de adolescentes nas situa??es de abrigo, apoiando-se na compreens?o de Winnicott sobre o processo de desenvolvimento afetivo. Os adolescentes que s?o encaminhados para os abrigos estiveram sujeitos a diversos tipos de vulnerabilidade, tais como a pobreza, a desorganiza??o familiar (por vezes com a presen?a de problemas psiqui?tricos e de drogradi??o nos pais), a explora??o e o abuso sexual, a viol?ncia tanto f?sica como moral, enfim, conjunturas que caracterizam uma falta de sustenta??o e acolhimento familiar e social. As situa??es de abrigo fornecem condi??es ambientais objetivas melhores que as de seus ambientes de origem, no entanto, ? comum a evas?o e o retorno volunt?rio do adolescente a situa??es ambientais mais prec?rias. O questionamento abordado foi o de saber quais s?o as din?micas psicoafetivas que poderiam esclarecer os motivos dessa escolha. A situa??o de evas?o, nesses abrigos, est? profundamente relacionada com a realiza??o de atitudes antissociais, o que nos leva tamb?m a procurar em Winnicott uma explica??o sobre esse fen?meno. Para ele (1946b), a atitude antissocial deriva, fundamentalmente, das falhas ambientais que deprivam o indiv?duo, ou seja, retiram abruptamente algo que ele tem (em termos de suporte ambiental), considerando a atitude antissocial como um SOS dirigido ao ambiente. No caso das evas?es, consideramos que Winnicot pode, explicitando a fun??o da sustenta??o ambiental nas suas fases iniciais do processo de desenvolvimento afetivo mostrar que as situa??es de depriva??o realizadas pelo ambiente, poderiam estar na base da atitude de evas?o; ou seja, a evas?o ocorre devido ? necessidade de um holding referente ? tend?ncia antissocial, que ? da necessidade que o ambiente sobreviva aos ataques efetuados contra ele.

O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar o desenvolvimento da política pública de acolhimento institucional no Brasil atual. Para isso, inicialmente, apresenta-se um breve histórico das políticas dirigidas à infância e juventude em situação de vulnerabilidade, tendo como foco a questão da internação de crianças e adolescentes. Em seguida, abordam-se as mudanças trazidas pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) referentes às ações e aos projetos de atendimento dirigidos a esse público. Por fim, por meio da análise de três grandes pesquisas quantitativas a respeito do tema, propõe-se um exercício de comparação entre o que está determinado em lei e nos documentos oficiais de orientação e normatização da política pública e a realidade concreta das instituições de abrigamento, tal como apontada pelas referidas pesquisas. / The aim of this study is to analyze the development of the public policies of institutional care in Brazil in the present day. To do so, initially, this work presents a brief history of the policies directed to the childhood and youth under situation of vulnerability, focusing the matter of institutionalized children and adolescents. After that, the changes brought by the Children and Adolescents Code regarding the actions and projects directed to institutionalized children and adolescents are brought to discussion. Finally, analyzing three great quantitative researches regarding the subject, this work presents a comparison between what is determined by the law and the public policies official orientation documents and the reality of the residential care institutions that is shown by the above mentioned researches.

Este texto pretende investigar quais paradigmas pautaram as políticas de acolhimento de crianças e adolescentes no Brasil, no século XX e início do XXI, através do conceito de paradigma de dois autores; Roberto da Silva e Sylvia Constant Vergara, analisando um serviço de acolhimento específico: a Casa Crescer e Brilhar de São Vicente - SP e se o serviço de acolhimento analisado, está conseguindo implementar as mudanças introduzidas pela doutrina de proteção integral e pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente - ECA. Para isso, buscamos a história da Casa Crescer e Brilhar, uma instituição fundada em 1974 para abrigar crianças e adolescentes em situação irregular, conforme a legislação vigente na época. Utilizamos atas das reuniões de diretoria da instituição, através da metodologia da análise de conteúdo. Encontramos situações que apontam graduais conquistas no atendimento da entidade, cumprindo com o que determina a legislação, principalmente no contato e reaproximação com as famílias, no exercício do direito ao lazer e preparação para o mundo do trabalho. A instabilidade dos convênios com o município e os editais de fomento que propiciam recursos financeiros, desgastam a equipe técnica e a diretoria, mas foram responsáveis por boa parte das conquistas. A falta de políticas públicas no município para a saúde, educação e habitação, alimentam ciclos de acolhimento institucional de crianças e adolescentes de famílias pobres / This text intends to investigate which paradigms guided the policies for the reception of children and adolescents in Brazil, in the twentieth century and the beginning of the XXI, through the paradigm concept of two authors; Roberto da Silva and Sylvia Constant Vergara, analyzing a specific reception service: Casa Crescer e Shine of São Vicente - SP and if the host service analyzed, is managing to implement the changes introduced by the doctrine of integral protection and by the Statute of the Child and of Adolescents - ECA. For this, we look for the history of Casa Crescer e Shine, an institution founded in 1974 to house children and adolescents in an irregular situation, according to the legislation in force at the time. We use minutes of the board meetings of the institution, through the methodology of content analysis. We find situations that indicate gradual achievements in the care of the entity, complying with what determines the legislation, mainly in the contact and rapprochement with the families, in the exercise of the right to leisure and preparation for the world of work. The instability of the agreements with the municipality and the funding announcements that provide financial resources, wear out the technical team and the board, but were responsible for most of the achievements. The lack of public policies in the municipality for health, education and housing, feed institutional cycles of children and adolescents from poor families

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Pinhassi Santos.pdf: 528835 bytes, checksum: bf75831fd40d9594a6dcc447ac1e5084 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This essay object is to ponder over the sheltered housing for adolescents in São Paulo city based on psychoanalytic theory references. To institutionalize adolescents has been a common and repeated practice since Brazil was a colony. During our history that kind of attendance was changed many times because of new laws and public policies. The teenagers that live in that kind of housing come from the poorest part of population in our society. Nowadays, there is a significant number of shelters which aim to attend this part of the population, and a great number of sheltered children as well. This essay aim to listen to individuals who live or have lived under those conditions during their adolescences. What they say, based on psychoanalytic theory, will enable us to understand how they felt the experience, which links they built up, whit consequences were brought to their subjective perception and how their personal growth was affected. Having analyzed that material we could reflect on the way sheltered-housing works and its importance in our society / Esta dissertação tem como proposta a reflexão sobre o abrigamento de adolescentes na cidade de São Paulo, tendo como referência teórica a psicanálise. A institucionalização de adolescentes é prática recorrente desde o Brasil Colônia; no decorrer da nossa história, este atendimento sofreu inúmeras alterações aliadas às implementações de leis e de políticas públicas. A população adolescente abrigada corresponde a uma parcela da nossa sociedade pobre de recursos econômicos. Existe, na atualidade, um número significativo de casas-abrigo destinadas ao atendimento desta população, conseqüentemente, um número alto de crianças abrigadas. Este trabalho se propôs a escutar sujeitos que vivem, ou viveram, institucionalizados nestas casas, no período correspondente às suas adolescências. O discurso desses sujeitos, no cotejamento com a teoria psicanalítica, propiciou a compreensão de como vivenciaram esta experiência, quais laços foram estabelecidos, quais as conseqüências do abrigamento em seus processos subjetivos e, de que modo esta experiência contribuiu e/ou dificultou a sustentação no processo do adolescer. As análises destes discursos nos permitiram, inclusive, refletir sobre aspectos relacionados ao funcionamento oferecido pelas casas-abrigo e do lugar que ocupam na nossa sociedade

O estudo da ocupação do espaço, bem como o modo de utilização dos itens de enriquecimento ambiental são ferramentas fundamentais para medir a adequação do ambiente e dos níveis de bem-estar de gatos domésticos (Felis silvestris catus) mantidos em cativeiro. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o padrão de ocupação dos animais no recinto, antes do enriquecimento, na condição Controle e após a introdução de itens de enriquecimento ambientais físicos: Permanente de uso Coletivo, Temporário de uso Coletivo e Temporário de uso Restrito, que atuaram subdividindo as áreas do ambiente e renovando os locais já conhecidos pelos animais. Foram utilizados 31 gatos domésticos, que passaram pelos testes comportamentais, registrando-se, por meio de filmagens, ao longo dos 10 dias de observações/por teste: o local de ocupaçaao (área de piso ou elevada) e os comportamentos realizados pelos animais. Os resultados mostraram que o padrão de ocupaçãao dos animais no recinto se deu com uma maior utilização das áreas elevadas em relação às áreas de piso, tanto na condiçãao Controle, como após a introdução dos itens de enriquecimento ambiental. Dentre os itens utilizados, e suas diferentes formas de aplicação, houve uma maior frequência de interação por parte dos indivíduos com o item temporário de uso coletivo, que atuou como barreira visual, promovendo a subdivisão das áreas do recinto e uma ocupação mais homogênea dos animais no espaço disponível. O tempo de permanência dos animais na área interna ao item temporário de uso restrito, foi significativamente maior em relação à permanência dos mesmos na área externa ao item, que além de enriquecer o ambiente, foi utilizado como refúgio pelos indivíduos. Os dados também revelaram que a colônia estudada possui uma organização social para a interação, bem como para a realização de compartilhamentos dos itens de enriquecimento com os outros animais. Concluímos que por meio de observações da ocupação do espaço, assim como, através do modo de utilização dos itens de enriquecimento ambiental pelos indivíduos, podemos acessar informações sobre as preferências e as necessidades biológicas dos animais, adequando o seu habitat e aumentando os níveis de bem-estar da espécie em questão. / The study of space occupation, as well as how to use the items of environmental enrichment are fundamental tools to measure the suitability of the environment and the level of welfare of domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) kept in captivity. This study aimed to evaluate the pattern of occupation of the animals in the enclosure, before enrichment, in control condition and after the introduction of physical environmental enrichment items: Permanent Collective use, Temporary Collective use and Temporary Restricted use who acted subdividing areas environment and renewing the places already known by the animals. We used 31 domestic cats, which passed by behavioral tests, registering through filming, over the 10 days of observations / per test: the place of occupation (floor or elevated areas) and behaviors performed by animals. The results showed that the pattern of occupation of the animals in the enclosure occurred with greater use of elevated areas in relation to floor areas, both in the control condition, and after the introduction of environmental enrichment items. Among the items used, and different forms of application, there was a higher frequency of interaction by individuals with temporary collective use item, which acted as a visual barrier, promoting the breakdown of the areas of the enclosure and a more homogeneous occupation of animals the available space. The time spent in the inner area of the animals to temporary restricted use item, was significantly higher in relation to the permanence in the outdoor area of the same item, which besides enriching the environment, was used as a refuge by individuals. The data also show that colony has a social interaction, as well as to perform the enrichment items shares with the other animals. We conclude that through observations of space occupation, as well as, through the mode of use of environmental enrichment items by individuals can access information about the preferences and biological needs of the animals, adapting their habitat and increasing levels of welfare the species in question.

Reclamation of surface mined lands is required under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977. Reforestation of mined lands is challenging due to harsh conditions such as soil compaction, herbaceous competition, and animal browse. We investigated the field performance of black walnut (<i>Juglans nigra</i>), northern red oak (<i>Quercus rubra</i>), and swamp white oak (<i>Quercus bicolor</i>) planted on two mine reclamation sites and evaluated the interactions of nursery stocktypes (container and bareroot), herbicide application, and tree shelters. Survival averaged 80% across all species and stocktypes after two years. Container stocktype had greater relative height and diameter growth, whereas bareroot had greater total height and diameter growth likely due to initial stocktype differences. Shelter use increased height growth and reduced diameter growth across both stocktypes. Swamp white oak (<i>Q. rubra</i>) had high survival and field performance regardless of silvicultural treatment, whereas the two other species showed strong early regeneration responses to silvicultural treatments. Container seedlings showed promise as an alternative to bareroot seedlings to promote survival and early growth on mine reclamation sites. Future research should be on continued development of container stocktypes to provide an economically feasible mine reclamation option for land managers.

This study sought to understand the culture-sharing group of people working within the shelter area of a Pacific Northwest animal shelter through the Ethnography of Communication. About 63% of households in the United States live with a companion animal (Risley-Curtis et al., 2006). Recently, there has been a shift toward closer examination into the ways in which humans interact with animals, particularly companion animals. The guiding questions of this study were: RQ1: What are the cultural communication forms performed in the context of the humane society? RQ2: How do shelter workers communicate about companion animals? RQ3: What cultural meanings are instantiated through communication in this context? This qualitative research approach included 40 hours of participant observation, individual interviews and an analysis of a set of documents and artifacts. Utilizing the Ethnography of Communication components, thematic and pattern analysis, findings revealed use of three main communication forms within the shelter: verbal, written and nonverbal communication and the overarching key theme of relational bonding occurring within an animal-centric organization among 4 relational categories: A. Shelter animals and shelter animals, B. Shelter animals and shelter workers, C. Shelter workers and shelter workers and D. Shelter workers and the public. Processes leading to relational bonding are delineated including detailed speech as well as aspects of "broken bonds" and euthanasia and it's effects within a "no-kill" organization.

Research on how homeless individuals perceive shelters, housing programs, and their agents has been limited, especially in relation to the reasons for engaging in or avoiding programs. This phenomenological study explored the perspectives of chronically homeless individuals in Wake County, North Carolina, regarding shelters and housing programs, examining their reasons for using or not using shelters or public housing. Using Glidden's structuration theory as the framework, the research questions for this study were based on exploring the perceptions of homeless individuals use of public resources related to housing and shelters to better understand why some use, and perhaps more importantly, why some choose to not use these resources. Purposeful sampling was used to identify 12 chronically homeless men and women and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data were both deductively and inductively coded and analyzed using a thematic analysis procedure. This study found that the persistence of homelessness is a result of a combination of homeless individuals' perceptions of housing programs' structural failures including long waiting periods for access to housing, unnecessary bureaucratic entanglements, and what they perceived as inaction or apathy on the part of program staff in response to requests for assistance. These findings are consistent with structuration theory. The implications for positive social change include recommendations to policy makers to consider the views and perceptions of homeless people in designing programs, including ways to improve access to public resources that may ultimately lead to permanent housing for homeless individuals.