En la presente tesis se abordó el desarrollo de la metodología Six Sigma a fin de establecer un conjunto de lineamientos y recomendaciones para el mejoramiento de la calidad en una determinada institución pública. Por ello, se tomó como base, los datos encontrados en una entidad denominada: Archivo Regional de Lambayeque, la misma que en adelante será llamada bajo el acrónimo ARL, basándose tanto en sus documentos de gestión técnico - administrativa así como del uso de varias herramientas y técnicas de recolección de datos como cuestionarios, entrevistas, encuestas y la observación detallada de los procesos existentes. En cada uno de los pasos definidos en el proceso DMAIC de la metodología, se detallaron los métodos y herramientas estadísticas utilizadas con el fin de lograr un mayor entendimiento de cada uno de los procesos del ARL y llegar así al ideal Six Sigma, reduciendo considerablemente el número de DPMO (defectos por millón de oportunidades). Finalmente, y luego de analizar minuciosamente la información recabada, se verificó la validez de la misma haciendo uso de un simulador predictivo previamente seleccionado y diseñado para trabajar bajo el entorno licenciado de Microsoft.

Globalisation of markets has brought about enormous challenges and opportunities for business organisations. The prevailing business environment propels organisations to improve and create value in order to remain competitive. Improvement and value creation begin internally and get reflected externally in the form of value added propositions to the market. Six Sigma is a methodology known for creating value within organisations, in all industries, through process improvement which translates into enormous savings for the organisation. Six Sigma is widely used globally and it has been in existence for many years, yet it is not so prevalent in the South African business environment. This research explores the principles and approach adopted, which distinguish the Six Sigma methodology from other improvement programs. In the manufacturing industry, operational efficiencies are essential to enhance value creation and profitability. The study begins by discussing the origin, history and evolvement of Six Sigma into a methodology recognisable and espoused by leading world class organisations. The technique used to effect Six Sigma is entrenched and enforced by adherence to stipulated basic principles, breakthrough strategy and Six Sigma tools in identification and elimination of variation. The study later models some of Six Sigma tools by application on the operational entity in verification and testing of theoretical knowledge into practical knowledge that can be exploited for process improvement consequently enhancing operational efficiencies. The impact of Six Sigma on operational efficiencies underlie on the ability to positively change process effectiveness and capability to near perfection as expressed by defect rate of not more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

In this thesis, low-power charge-pump (CP) based switched-capacitor (SC) circuits are proposed. The approach is validated in SC integrators and gain stages, and is shown to achieve power savings compared to conventional SC circuits. For the same thermal noise and settling performance, a CP based integrator with N sampling capacitors ideally consumes N^2 times lower OTA power compared to a conventional integrator. Practical effects such as the OTA partial slew-rate limitation and the CP parasitics reduce the power savings. In the case of a SC gain stage, reduction in power savings also occurs due to the load capacitance from the next stage. A prototype delta-sigma modulator employing a CP integrator at the front-end is fabricated. Experimental results demonstrate that the CP based ADC achieves the same performance as a conventional ADC while consuming three times lower OTA power in the front-end integrator. The CP ADC achieves 87.8 dB SNDR 89.2 dB SNR and 90 dB DR over a 10 kHz bandwidth while consuming 148 uW from a 1.2 V power supply. The conventional ADC has similar performance but dissipates 241 uW. The CP ADC figure-of-merit (FOM) is 0.369 pJ/conv-step, which is almost 40% lower than that of the conventional ADC.

In this thesis, low-power charge-pump (CP) based switched-capacitor (SC) circuits are proposed. The approach is validated in SC integrators and gain stages, and is shown to achieve power savings compared to conventional SC circuits. For the same thermal noise and settling performance, a CP based integrator with N sampling capacitors ideally consumes N^2 times lower OTA power compared to a conventional integrator. Practical effects such as the OTA partial slew-rate limitation and the CP parasitics reduce the power savings. In the case of a SC gain stage, reduction in power savings also occurs due to the load capacitance from the next stage. A prototype delta-sigma modulator employing a CP integrator at the front-end is fabricated. Experimental results demonstrate that the CP based ADC achieves the same performance as a conventional ADC while consuming three times lower OTA power in the front-end integrator. The CP ADC achieves 87.8 dB SNDR 89.2 dB SNR and 90 dB DR over a 10 kHz bandwidth while consuming 148 uW from a 1.2 V power supply. The conventional ADC has similar performance but dissipates 241 uW. The CP ADC figure-of-merit (FOM) is 0.369 pJ/conv-step, which is almost 40% lower than that of the conventional ADC.

This dissertation explores methods of reducing the oversampling ratio (OSR) of both delta-sigma modulators and incremental data converters. The first reduced-OSR architecture is the high-order cascaded delta-sigma modulator. These delta-sigma modulators are shown to reduce the in-band noise sufficiently at OSRs as low as 3 while providing power savings. The second low OSR architecture is the high-order cascaded incremental data converter which possesses signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) advantages over equivalent delta-sigma modulators at low OSRs. The final architecture is the time-interleaved incremental data converter where two designs are identified as potential methods of increasing the throughput of low OSR incremental data converters. A prototype chip is designed in 0.18um CMOS technology which can operate in three modes by simply changing the resetting clock phases. It can operate as an 8-stage pipeline analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, an 8th-order cascaded delta-sigma modulator, and an 8th-order cascaded incremental data converter with an OSR of 3.

The aim of this paper is to study the “key success factors in implementing Six-Sigma in different cultures”. A literature review is used for the research methodology. The review of literature revealed that Six-Sigma was originally initiated by Motorola, an American company, and after recognizing the effect this could have on the organization and to the bottom line, many other leading American companies then followed. It could be claimed that the success of Six-Sigma in the American firms is due to the fact that the methodology of Six-Sigma is an excellent match with American management characteristics or the American business culture. This research also found that cultural awareness issues are likely to play a role in how effective implementation of Six-Sigma methodology is in American companies. / Findings in this study indicate that Thai and American cultures are vastly different in many dimensions. The question came up that if Six-Sigma were to be introduced in a Thai manufacturing environment what implications the Thai culture would have on implementation. The resultant finding of this study is summarised as “what are the Thai culture implications of Six-Sigma implementation”. / Thai culture will have an impact on the key success factors in implementing Six-Sigma and could be concluded as follows: Can Breakthrough methodology and Result orientation in Six-Sigma methodology be used with Thai people or Thai Manufacturing?; Can “Out Box” thinking concept and “Changing” environment be implemented in Thai culture?; How did those companies build “Team work” to support Six-Sigma implementation?; Are performance based promotion and individual recognition systems being used with Thai people or Thai manufacturing?. / Thesis (DBA(DoctorateofBusinessAdministration))--University of South Australia, 2005.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on February 26, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Universiẗat, Diss.--Passau, 2007.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2008. / Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillments of the requirements for The Master of Science in Industrial Engineering." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 69-70.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 148 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.