The aim of this study was to examine to what extent patients remained silent to the health care system after they experienced abusive or wrongful incidents in health care. Female patients visiting a women’s clinic in Sweden (n = 530) answered the Transgressions of Ethical Principles in Health Care Questionnaire (TEP), which was constructed to measure patients’ abusive experiences in the form of staff’s transgressions of ethical principles in health care. Of all the patients, 63.6% had, at some point, experienced staff’s transgressions of ethical principles, and many perceived these events as abusive and wrongful. Of these patients, 70.3% had remained silent to the health care system about at least one transgression. This silence is a loss of essential feedback for the health care system and should not automatically be interpreted as though patients are satisfied. / <p>funding agencies|Nordic Council of Ministers||Swedish Research Council|2009-2380|</p>

The news media serve as the Canadian public’s main source of information about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This thesis examines the ways in which the Canadian media portray the conflict, through a lens of Habermas’ (1962) public sphere theory, Foucault’s (1926 – 1984) ideas on discourse, and Rawls’ (1921 – 2002) conceptions of equality and justice. Building on these theories, Noelle-Neumann’s Spiral of Silence theory (1974), Said’s Orientalism (1978), and d’Arcy’s (1913 – 1983) conception of the right to communicate are examined to arrive at a framework for analyzing Canadian news. Looking at ideological representations, power manifestations, issue framing, and social responsibility within the media, this thesis explores whether the Canadian media portray the conflict in such a way that fosters a downward spiral of opinions within the Canadian public. A Critical Discourse Analysis of coverage in two national English Canadian newspapers, The Globe and Mail and the National Post, during three separate timeframes of increased violence in Israel and Palestine between 2000 and 2009 reveals that newspaper representations of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict are often entrenched in predefined ways of portraying the Other, fostering an Israeli-Palestinian spiral of silence in Canadian media.

An individual’s bad news reporting behavior has been studied from a number of perspectives and has resulted in a variety of research streams including the MUM effect (or reluctance to transmit bad news), whistle-blowing, and organizational silence. While many scholars in different areas have studied reporting behavior, it has not been widely discussed in the information systems literature. This dissertation research addresses an individual’s bad news reporting behavior (and its antecedents) in the troubled IT project context. Many social phenomena are multi-causal (Hollander 1971). The silence phenomenon involved in an individual’s bad news reporting behavior is multi-causal too. While prior research has identified many antecedents to the bad news reporting behavior, it has not provided any systematic approach for categorizing them. In this dissertation, the antecedents are categorized into three different levels: personal factors (i.e., individual-level factors), situational factors (i.e., project-level factors), and organizational factors. This research empirically investigates how the antecedents at different levels affect (i.e., encourage or discourage) an individual’s decision to report or not report bad news in the IT project context. The dissertation follows a multi-paper model, and includes three independent, empirical studies, each with its own research model focusing on personal, situational, and organizational factors.

The scarcity of speech in George Meredith’s Modern Love creates a deeply psychological narrative, reflecting a distrust of speech and the effectiveness of language in general. The narrator of the poem exists in a space of ambiguity, both blaming and yearning for speech; in his confusion, he remains largely silent. His silence does not only emphasize the distance between husband and wife but also between language and meaning. Furthermore, the narrator’s distrust of language ultimately exposes a breakdown in his certainty of self and truth.

The aim of this study was to visualize in a pluralistic perspective how mothers of breastfed preschool children experience being treated by preschool teachers. Method: Qualitative interviews with 10 mothers and qualitative content analysis. The mothers experienced breastfeeding was surrounded by slience at preschool. The mothers were met with silence, felt vulnerable and did not want to be subject to criticizm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation on this subject.

The news media serve as the Canadian public’s main source of information about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This thesis examines the ways in which the Canadian media portray the conflict, through a lens of Habermas’ (1962) public sphere theory, Foucault’s (1926 – 1984) ideas on discourse, and Rawls’ (1921 – 2002) conceptions of equality and justice. Building on these theories, Noelle-Neumann’s Spiral of Silence theory (1974), Said’s Orientalism (1978), and d’Arcy’s (1913 – 1983) conception of the right to communicate are examined to arrive at a framework for analyzing Canadian news. Looking at ideological representations, power manifestations, issue framing, and social responsibility within the media, this thesis explores whether the Canadian media portray the conflict in such a way that fosters a downward spiral of opinions within the Canadian public. A Critical Discourse Analysis of coverage in two national English Canadian newspapers, The Globe and Mail and the National Post, during three separate timeframes of increased violence in Israel and Palestine between 2000 and 2009 reveals that newspaper representations of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict are often entrenched in predefined ways of portraying the Other, fostering an Israeli-Palestinian spiral of silence in Canadian media.

This study examines the significance of sounds and silence in Joseph Conrad’s novella Heart of Darkness (1902). The importance of visual effects has repeatedly been analyzed and therefore, it is high time to explore the text from an auditory perspective. By comparing and contrasting Victorian city sounds to sounds in the wilderness, I show that the urban and rural worlds have a great deal in common. Furthermore, by deconstructing the seemingly stable binary opposition of sound and silence as well as that of civilization and wilderness, it becomes evident that they are related and depend on one another. This paper also examines noise and how it is used as a means of power. Moreover, it deals with Thomas Edison’s invention, the phonograph, as an implicit discursive device in the text. In conclusion, it is argued that the sonic environment is of high significance and should therefore not be ignored and readers must try to close their eyes in order to hear what is said.

Sonatines est un recueil thématique composé d'une douzaine de nouvelles qui ont le son comme thème central. Il a été pensé comme l'exploration d'un sens, l'ouïe, à travers différents contextes de fiction. Cette volonté d'approfondir l'ouïe ne se prétend pas scientifique. Elle reflète plutôt un désir de confronter des personnages à différentes réalités sonores du quotidien. Bien que le thème du son soit généralisé à l'ensemble du recueil, d'autres thèmes, tel celui de la rupture, font parfois irruption. La forme de Sonatines imite la construction d'une sonate (divisée en trois mouvements), développant une thématique générale dans le but de confronter les différents personnages à leurs propres limites et ce, à partir d'un simple évènement (voire d'un non-évènement) sonore. L'appareil réflexif accompagnant le recueil est divisé en trois parties. La première prend forme de prolégomènes et aborde divers aspects du sonore (la musique, la parole, le silence, le bruit), son impact sur l'humain et sa capacité de déclencher chez lui des émotions et des souvenirs et ce, parfois, tout à fait inconsciemment. L'objectif de cet essai n'est pas de couvrir l'ensemble des connaissances répertoriées sur le son, mais de démontrer le rapport hautement sensible qu'il entretient avec l'humain (et, potentiellement, avec le personnage), que ce dernier en soit conscient ou non. La deuxième partie de cet essai pose une réflexion sur les différents enjeux reliés à l'écriture d'un recueil thématique. Elle cherche à approfondir les diverses composantes qui sont affectées par le principe de variation du thème (le genre de la nouvelle, le personnage, la narration et la structure du récit). La dernière section aborde l'agencement des nouvelles dans le recueil. Il y est également question de la forme des nouvelles et du recueil en rapport avec celle de la sonate, ce qui explique non seulement la construction formelle des nouvelles, mais aussi celle du recueil en entier. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Son, Thème, Nouvelle littéraire, Rupture, Sonate.

The co-existence of bursting activity and silence is a common property of various neuronal models. We describe a novel mechanism explaining the co-existence of and the transition between these two regimes. It is based on the specific homoclinic and Andronov-Hopf bifurcations of the hyper- and depolarized steady states that determine the co-existence domain in the parameter space of the leech heart interneuron models: canonical and simplified. We found that a sub-critical Andronov-Hopf bifurcation of the hyperpolarized steady state gives rise to small amplitude sub-threshold oscillations terminating through the secondary homoclinic bifurcation. Near the corresponding boundary the system can exhibit long transition from bursting oscillations into silence, as well as the bi-stability where the observed regime is determined by the initial state of the neuron. The mechanism found is shown to be generic for the simplified 4D and the original 14D leech heart interneuron models.

Studiens syfte är att studera vilka erfarenheter individer har som blivit utsatta för brott. Detta för att erhålla en ökad förståelse för brottsoffers situation. Utifrån syftet har frågeställningen Erfarenheter av att vara brottsoffer utvecklats. För att söka svar på frågeställningen har intervjuer valts som datainsamlingsmetod. Intervjuerna har spelats in, transkriberats och analyserats genom IPA-modellen. I resultatet framträdde några centrala kluster. Dessa var försvarsmekanismer, tystnad som följd av stigmatisering, ambivalens och maktaspekter. Utifrån den insamlade datan drogs slutsatserna att brottsoffer utsätts för en emotionell påfrestning som de försöker hantera genom försvarsmekanismer, att brottsoffer tenderar att ha en låg känsla av sammanhang samt ett litet handlingsutrymme och en begränsad makt. Vidare drogs slutsatsen att det finns stereotyper om brottsoffer som kan leda till att brottsoffer stigmatiseras. Risken för stigmatisering leder till att brottsoffer tenderar att inte tala om brottet. Vidare kan brottet komma att ha negativa konsekvenser på brottsoffrets jag. / The purpose with the study is to examine peoples experiences of crimes to gain a greater understanding for crime victims situations. From the purpose has a question arised which is Experiences from being a crime victim. To seek an answer on the question has interviews been chosen as data collection method. The interviews have been taped, transcribed and analyzed through the IPA–model. Some central clusters did emerge from the result. These were defense mechanisms, silence as a result of stigma, ambivalence and aspects of power. From the collected data were the conclusions drawn that crime victims are exposed to an emotional strain that they are trying to control by defense mechanisms, that crime victims tend to have a low sense of coherence and a little discretion and a limited amount of power. The conclusion were also drawn that there are existing stereotypes about crime victim, which can result in that the crime victim gets stigmatized. The risk for the crime victim to become stigmatized leads to the fact that the crime victims don´t want to mention the crime. The crime can also result in negative consequences for the crime victims self.