The thesis is a study about the usage of BIM in construction projects in relation to how the software can support the site manager in the building production. The goal is to analyze the barriers and drivers to integrate BIM into the site manager’s work. The compositions of questions which are the basis for the thesis are “What obstacles does the site manager experience in his daily work routine and how can BIM be an option?” And “What mechanisms and factors is needed for BIM to be applied in the activities of site managers in construction projects?” For the answer to the first question, the daily work routine of a site manager has been studied in relation to today’s obstacle that is the basis for the production stoppages and how BIM can be an option. With information from the first matter as basis the study analyzes external and internal forces against the introduction of BIM. The study also clarifies the implementation problem and how it can be eliminated to thereby give rise to a change of the software in a conservative industry. In order to answer the question two scientific methods have been used; literature study and interviews. The Literature study reports the facts that may lead to the development of the construction process in its entirety. The interviews have given a reality perspective on the facts linked to the literature study. The results show that good planning with good coordination between the various disciplines t is the fundamentals for a successful production. The study demonstrates current shortcomings due to the disciplines inadequate coordination and information loss in an industry with high growth potential. With software that allows synchronization between different disciplines at the same time stands as the source for storing relevant information about a project would solve many of the daily obstacles in the production. The conclusion of this work is to BIM as new software minimizes the current barriers in relations to the site manager and production where information storage and synchronization of disciplines is a great advantage towards the elimination of obstacles in the production. To eliminate barriers that lead to minimization of production downtime and good balance in the daily operations there is a demand for change in the view towards new technology and work routines in the industry.

The thesis focuses to define the concept of selected activities in construction and further entities which are allowed to conduct the activities in construction and what qualification is needed for them and what is their range of responsibility. The thesis is divided on two parts. The theoretical part deals to define the basic concepts, which origins in law. The practical part contains exact example on which are, used activities of authorized persons, their duties during the activities in construction and their responsibility. The essential part of the thesis are the proposals and recommendations, which could open the discussion for some future changes leading to more effective achievement in selected activities in construction.

Despite the construction industry making up a large portion of the global economy, it struggles withlow productivity and limited growth, notably marked by a lack of digitization and automation.Research in construction has highlighted artificial intelligence (AI) as a potential solution, butimplementation is complicated by the need for extensive data collection and challenges associatedwith construction sites. Several studies have explored various aspects of AI in the construction industry, but not with a focuson the needs of site management. This thesis aims to study site management's decision-making toidentify their data and information needs in their daily operations. A case study was conducted attwo construction companies, one smaller and one larger, focusing on site management's decisionmaking during the implementation phase. Semi-structured interviews and observations were used tocollect data, which was then contextualized within the literature to understand site management'sdecision-making and thereby identify the needs for data and information. The results show that site management regularly faces situations in their daily operations wherethey need to make decisions for the project's progress, often quick decisions. In these decisionmaking situations, site management primarily relies on experience and intuition but also considersthe experiences of colleagues/stakeholders. In their daily operations, site management expressesuncertainty in their decision-making and shows a need for more real-time information to supporttheir decision-making processes. The conclusions from the study indicate that the data and information needs of site managementare broad, varying for different decision-making situations. These needs span several areas, includingthe management of deviations, technical and financial considerations, safety, planning, scheduling,communication, coordination, resource allocation, and construction sequencing. Information isrequested to support decision-making, including rules and regulations, previous experiences,visualization of project status, deviations and specifications, schedules and the sequence ofactivities, safety conditions, and access to information systems.

Syftet med rapporten är att kartlägga en platschefs arbetsdag samt att se vilka faktorer som påverkar detta. Undersökningens mål är att se hur mycket tid som en platschef spenderar på uppgifter som inte ingår i dennes arbetsbeskrivning.  För att undersöka detta användes två olika metoder. Den första var observationer i form av skuggning, där forskarna går jämte en platschef under en arbetsdag och antecknar vilka uppgifter som utförs och hur lång tid dessa tar. Den andra metoden är i form av en intervju som hölls med den observerade platschefen i slutet av dagen.  I resultatet redogörs empirin som har samlats in i undersökningen och presenteras i form av olika faktorer som är tagna från den sammansatta arbetsbeskrivningen och intervjufrågor som gav relevanta svar.  I slutsatsen redogörs det att en betydande del av platschefens arbetsdag ägnas åt uppgifter som inte ingår i dennes formella arbetsbeskrivning. Därutöver presenteras de faktorer som har en påtaglig inverkan på hur mycket tid som faktiskt läggs på dessa uppgifter. / The purpose of this report is to map out a site manager's workday and to identify factors that influence it. The aim of the investigation is to determine how much time a site manager spends on tasks that are not included in their job description. To examine this, observations in the form of shadowing are used, where the researchers accompany a site manager during a workday and takes notes of the preformed tasks along with the needed time. The second method is in the form of an interview which is held with the observed site manager at the end of the day.  The report presents the empirical evidence collected during the investigation and identifies various factors from the compiled job description and the interview questions that yielded relevant answers. To conclude the report, it is noted that a significant portion of the site manager's workday is devoted to tasks that are not formally included in their job description. Additionally, the factors that have a significant impact on how much time is spent on these tasks are presented.

studier visar en låg produktivitet jämfört med andra branscher men också komplexiteten av produktivitetsmätningar. Syftet med rapporten är att undersöka platschefens roll och vilka faktorer som påverkar förmågan att få ut produktiviteten på en byggarbetsplats. Fallstudien genomfördes på fyra av Peabs projekt och frågeställningen besvarades med hjälp av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder i form av intervjuer och enkätundersökningar. Vidare undersöks produktivitetspåverkande faktorer såsom kommunikation, motivation, kompetens och samarbete. Vid jämförelse används en incitamentkvot som ställs i relation till enkätundersökningarna och intervjuerna. Resultatet visar tydliga skillnader mellan platschefernas förmågor, arbetssätt och egenskaper som leder till en skillnad i produktivitet på arbetsplatserna. Slutsatsen visar vilka egenskaper och arbetssätt som tenderar i att ge en hög produktivitet. / The construction industry has been criticised for lacking productivity. Previous reports and studies show a low productivity compared to other industries but also the complexity of productivity measurement. The report aims to examine the site manager's role and the factors that affect the ability to get out productivity on a construction site. The case study was conducted on four of Peab's projects and the issues were answered using qualitative and quantitative methods such as interviews and surveys. Factors that affect productivity such as communication, motivation, competence and cooperation are further investigated. As comparison, an incentive quota imposed in relation to the questionnaires and interviews, are applied. The results show clear differences between site managers' abilities, methods and qualities that lead to a difference in productivity in the workplace. The conclusion shows what qualities and methods that tend to give a high productivity.

Problemformulering:  Hur påverkas platschefen i sitt arbete i ett byggprojekt utifrån entreprenadformerna total- och generalentreprenad? Hur kan platschefens arbete utformas och avgränsas för att förbättra ledningen av ett byggprojekt utifrån aktuell entreprenadform?   Syfte:                            Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur platschefens arbete påverkas av total- och generalentreprenad och sedan presentera förslag på hur det kan utformas utifrån aktuella entreprenadformer.   Metod:                          Metoden är en kvalitativ analys. Intervjuer är huvudsakliga tillvägagångssättet och sju platschefer och en affärsområdeschef har intervjuats. Litteraturstudier av tidigare examensarbeten och forskningsrapporter samt skrifter och artiklar från branschen har studerats.   Slutsatser:                    Det finns viktigare faktorer för platschefens arbete än själva entreprenadformen i sig. Dessa är bl.a. kvaliteten på handlingarna, projektets storlek, arbetslagets erfarenheter och sammansvetsning, den egna organisationen och tillgängliga stödresurser samt platschefens egna erfarenheter och kunskaper. Entreprenadformen är dock inte utan betydelse. I en totalentreprenad bör platschefen ges möjlighet till att delta i projekteringen för att kunna bidra med sina praktiska byggkunskaper och styra handlingarna mot att bli produktionsvänligare. I en generalentreprenad bör en organisation för hantering av ÄTA-arbeten finnas då det tar mycket tid från platschefen och entreprenören tappar pengar på ÄTA eftersom dem generellt är dåliga på att ta betalt för ÄTA. / Problem:                      How is the job of the site manager effected by the contract forms turnkey and general contract? How can the work of the site manager be designed and defined based on the contract form?   Purpose:                       The purpose of this essay is to study how the site managers’ work is effected by turnkey and general contract and to present suggestions on how the site managers’ work can be designed based on the contract form.   Method:                       The method is qualitative analysis. Interviews are the main approach and seven managers and a business area manager were interviewed. Literature studies of previous theses and research papers as well as publications and articles from the construction industry have been studied.   Conclusion:                  There are more important factors for site managers’ work than the contract form itself. These include the quality of the drawings and documents, the size of the project, the work teams’ experience and how well they function as a team, the organization and the available support resources and the site managers’ own experience and knowledge. The contract form is however not without significance. In a turnkey, the site managers should be given the opportunity to participate in the project design and planning in order to contribute with their practical building skills and guiding documents to be more construction-friendly. In a general contract there should be an organization for the management of CAW because it takes a lot of time from the site manager and entrepreneurs lose money on CAW because contractors generally are bad at charging for CAW.

Största utmaningen byggindustrierna har i dagens läge är att reducera onödiga kostnader och onödigt arbete samt att effektivisera arbetet i form av tid och pengar. Detta är en fråga och en undersökning som gjorts ett flertal gånger under de senaste åren eftersom att det är ett stort problem inom de flesta byggbranscher. Denna rapport är skriven i uppdrag av Peab i syfte att identifiera slöserierna och kritiska störningar, för att sedan ta fram åtgärdsförslag för att reducera slöseriet av tiden och kostnaderna för framtida projekt Fyra olika, slutförda anläggningsprojekt har undersökts i uppdrag av Peab belägna i Stockholm. Dessa projekt omfattar ombyggnad av en vägkorsning samt nybyggnad av gång- och cykelbanor. Dessa fyra projekt varierar i omfattning och ger en mer varierad resultat i jämförelse med fyra stycken liknande projekt. Faktainsamlingen för detta arbete har mestadels omfattat lean construction med de olika sorters slöseri som finns i byggbranschen samt de olika principerna och metoderna lean construction omfattar, så som Just-In-Time. Andra studier gällande byggprocessen har även gjorts, mer specifikt produktions skedet. Skillnaden mellan värdeskapande och icke värdeskapande tid har behandlats, samt angående riskhanteringen och hur en riskhantering genomförs. Intervjuer har även genomförts i syfte att identifiera de mest kritiska slöserierna och störningar. Fakta framtagen från intervjuerna har redovisats i resultatet. Där framkom det att de fyra mest kritiska slöserierna var fel- och omarbeten, väntetider, onödiga transporter och onödiga arbeten. Sammanfattningsvis har åtgärdsförslag med hjälp av lean construction, intervjuer samt kunskap från denna rapport framtagits för att minska på dessa störningar och slöseri med hjälp av t.ex. Jidoka och PDCA för att öka tids- och kostnadseffektiviteten i produktionen. Kortfattat kan begreppet slöseri och störning definieras på olika sätt. Där slöseri är en aktivitet som inte bidrar med något till verksamheten, och en störning är ett moment som stör arbetet. / The biggest challenge construction companies are facing at the moment is reducing the unnecessary costs and labor as well as to streamline the work. This is a matter and an investigation that has been done multiple times in recent years because this is a major problem in most construction companies. This report is commissioned by Peab for the purpose of identifying wastes and critical disorders, then drafting action proposals to reduce waste of time and costs. Four different, completed construction projects have been investigated, commissioned by Peab, and are located in Stockholm. These projects include the reconstruction of a roadway intersection and new construction of pedestrian and cycle tracks. These four projects vary in scale, giving a more varied result compared to four very similar projects The gathering of information for this work has mostly included lean construction with the various waste in the work industry, as well as the different principles and methods of lean construction, such as Just-In-Time. Other studies on the construction process have also been made, more specifically the production phase, the planning of the work. The difference between value creation time and non-value creation time has been dealt with, as well as risk management and how to conduct a risk analysis. Interviews have also been conducted with the aim of identifying the most critical wastes and interferences. The gathering of facts from the interviews has been reported in the results. It emerged that the four most critical wastes were defects/rework, waiting, transportation and extra processing. In summary, action proposals using lean construction, interviews and the knowledge from this report have been developed to reduce these disturbances and wastages with help of for example Jidoka and PDCA to increase time and cost efficiency in the production process. In short, the concept of waste and disturbance can be defined differently. Waste is an activity that does not contribute anything to the business, and a disturbance is a matter of disturbing the work.