The aim of our work was to analyze training peculiarities of Lithuanian youth skiers. Trying to achieve the aim, we analyzed adaptation with physical load during one year training period of young skiers. We analyzed sportsmen training documents, sportsmen diaries, tests that have been taken in VPU Sports science institute laboratory. Performed work loads of Lithuanian young ski racers compared with model of characteristic for the same year skiers (Čepulėnas, 2001). Six 15-16 years skiers of Lithuanian youth combined team – 3 girls, 3 boys – took part in our researches. Sportsmen have been training according to plans that have been made by their trainers. They were proposal trained for the main competitions of the season – European youth winter festival. Extended examinations were performed 4 times a year in Vilnius pedagogical Sport science institute's laboratory. Sportsmen took tests for sportsmen endurance according to test programs. Cyclist work loads performed during yearly training cycle shows that girls performed load accordingly to represent in model of characteristic. Load performed of skiers girls was too little intensity. Performed cyclist work load of skiers boys during yearly training cycle exceeded indicated in model of characteristic. Load performed of skiers boys was too little intensity. They performed too much load of I intensity zone and very little load of III-IV intensity zones. Laboratory tests showed that functional abilities varied during year... [to full text]

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The purpose of this study was to determine if age, gender, level of participation, onset of disability and sport classification have an impact on participation incentives (ego, fitness, social affective, social integration and task) in skiers with a disability. / One hundred seventy-seven individuals between the ages of 4 and 66 years participated. The participants were described according to gender, time of onset of disability (congenital Vs acquired), level of sport involvement (recreation, local competition, provincial competition, national competition and international competition), and sport classification (LW1-LW9, LW10-LW12, blind, deaf and other [i.e. autistic, Down's Syndrome]). All the participants were active members of the Canadian Association of Disabled Skiing (CADS). / The reasons for participation were evaluated using the Participation Reasons Scale (Brasile, 1988). MANOVA analysis indicated that significant relationships existed between age and individual items within the social affective and social integration incentive factors; gender and individual items within the ego incentive factor; level of participation and individual items within the ego, social affective, social integration and task incentive factors; onset of disability and individual items within the ego, social affective and social integration incentive factors; and sport classification and individual items within the social affective incentive factor. These results indicate that reasons for participation do differ among skiers with a disability and knowledge of these reasons may be important to be better able to design attractive and successful programs for the individual with a disability. These results are consistent with the Personal Investment Theory (Maehr and Braskamp, 1986) in that individuals will invest time and effort into physical activities that appeal to them and will be motivated by different aspects of the sport.

Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo slidininkų rengimas yra nemažai tyrinėtas, tačiau mokslinių tyrimų duomenų apie jaunųjų slidininkių rengimą, fizinių ir funkcinių galių kaitą dar nepakanka. Didelio meistriškumo ir jaunimo grupių slidininkių rengimo ir jų varžybinės veiklos specifiškumas yra aktuali sportinio rengimo problema. Todėl tobulėjant technologijoms, treniruočių metodikai, didėjant sportininkų fizinėms ir funkcinėms galioms yra svarbu ir toliau tirti Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo slidininkių rengimą ir ypač aktualu yra tirti jaunųjų slidininkių rengimo ypatumus Lietuvos sąlygomis ir šių tyrimų rezultatus palyginti su ankstesnių kartų Lietuvos slidininkių tyrimų duomenimis. Iškyla mokslinė problema, ištirti įvairių kartų Lietuvos slidininkių rengimo turinį, priemones ir metodus ir palyginti tyrimų duomenis tarpusavyje. Tyrimo tikslas ir uždaviniai - išanalizuoti ir palyginti įvairių kartų Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo slidininkių rengimą ir fizinių bei funkcinių galių kaitą metiniu treniruočių ciklu. Išanalizuoti olimpinės čempionės, trijų olimpinių žaidynių dalyvės ir jaunosios slidininkės rengimąsi metiniu treniruočių ciklu. Išnagrinėti Lietuvos slidininkių fizinių ir funkcinių galių kaitą metiniu treniruočių ciklu. Atskleisti Lietuvos slidininkių rezultatų kaitą metiniu treniruočių ciklu. LEU Sporto mokslo instituto laboratorijoje ir Lietuvos sporto medicinos centre buvo atliktas trijų Lietuvos įvairių kartų ir skirtingo amžiaus didelio meistriškumo slidininkių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Preparation of Lithuanian elite skiers have been many analized, but there are not enough scientific data about physical and functional power alternation and preparation of young skiers. Elite and young skiers group specificity of preparation and competition activities is the actual sport's preparation problem. During modernization of technologies and training methodology, and also increasing sportsmen's physical and functional power, it is important to continue Lithuanian elite skiers preparation research and especially actual task is to analyse young skiers preparation features in condition of Lithuania and to compare research results with the previous generation skiers preparation characteristics. The problem of the research is to analyse Lithuanian different skiers generations training content, tools and methods of preparation, and to make the data comparison of different tasks. The aim and tasks of the research: to analyse and compare Lithuanian different generations elite skiers preparation and the dynamics of theirs physical and functional power at the annual training cycle. To analyse and compare the traning methods of threefold participant of Olympic Games and the young skier at the annual traning cycle. To analyse the changes of the Lithuanian skiers physical and functional power at the annual training cycle. To reveal the changes of Lithuanian skiers achievements at the annual training cycle. In LEU sports science institute laboratory and Lithuanian sports medical... [to full text]

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-122). Also available on the World Wide Web.

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Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti didelio meistriškumo jaunimo grupių ir elito slidininkių varžybų krūvio apimtį, struktūrinę sudėtį, specifiškumą iki pagrindinių sezono varžybų ir nustatyti varžybinės veiklos taktinius ypatumus, rezultatyvumą, amžiaus rodiklius ir jų sąsają su sportiniais rezultatais pasaulio slidinėjimo čempionate ir Pasaulio slidinėjimo taurės varžybose. Tyrimo objektas – didelio meistriškumo jaunimo grupių (iki 20 metų ir iki 23 metų grupės) slidininkių ir elito slidininkių (užimančių 1–10 vietas pasaulio čempionate, Pasaulio slidinėjimo taurės varžybose) dalyvavimo varžybose sistemos ypatumai, varžybinė veikla ir jos rezultatyvumas, veiksniai, turintys įtakos varžybinės veiklos rezultatyvumui. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti jaunimo grupės (iki 23 metų) slidininkių varžybinės veiklos apimtį, struktūrinę sudėtį ir specifiškumą per slidinėjimo sezoną iki startų pasaulio jaunimo čempionate. 2. Ištirti didelio meistriškumo slidininkių varžybinę veiklą per 2008/2009 m. sezoną iki pasaulio slidinėjimo čempionato Liberece. 3. Išnagrinėti didelio meistriškumo slidininkių nuotolių įveikimo taktiką pasaulio slidinėjimo čempionate. 4. Nustatyti didelio meistriškumo slidininkių sportinių rezultatų ir amžiaus sąsają. 5. Išnagrinėti Lietuvos rinktinės slidininkių varžybinės veiklos rodiklius pasaulio jaunimo ir suaugusiųjų čempionate. Tyrimo rezultatai. Tyrimo rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad jaunimo ir elito grupių slidininkių rengimas vyksta trimis kryptimis: rengimas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research aim was to establish the scope, structural components and specificity of the contest loads of high-mastery youth group and elite female skiers before the main contest of the season, and to reveal the tactical peculiarities of contest activities, resultativity, age indices and their links with sports results in the World skiing championship and World Cup Skiing Competition. Research object was the peculiarities of the system of participation in the contest activities of high-mastery youth group (up to 20 years and up to 23 years of age) female skiers and elite female skiers (having taken the 1st – 10th places in the World championship, World Cup Skiing Championship), their contest activities and resultativity, and factors influencing the resultativity of contest activities. Research objectives: 1. To establish the scope, structural components and specificity of contest activities of youth group (up to 23 years of age) female skiers during the skiing season before the starts in the World Youth Skiing Championship. 2. To study the contest activities of elite female skiers during the season of 2008/2009 before the World Ski Championship in Liberec. 3. To analyze the tactics of covering distances of elite female skiers in the World Skiing Championship. 4. To establish the links between the sports results of elite female skiers and their age. 5. To analyze the indices of contest activities of Lithuanian national team elite female skiers in the World Youth and Adult... [to full text]

Aim The overall aim of this study was to develop a broader understanding on how to optimize the organization of aerobic endurance training programs, and especially how to better organize high-intensity training (HIT) and low intensity training (LIT) to give an optimum endurance performance progress. Method This study compared the effects of two different training organization methods in trained cross-country (XC) skiers and biathletes. During a 5 week intervention period, one group of athletes (n = 10, 7 men and 3 women, age 23 ± 9 years) performed block periodization (BP) training with 5-1-3-1-1 HIT sessions in the respective weeks. The other group of athletes(n = 9, 7 men and 2 women, age 22 ± 5) followed a more traditional periodization (TRAD) method performing 2-2-3-2-2 HIT sessions. LIT was interspersed between the HIT sessions so that both groups performed similar total volumes of HIT and LIT during the intervention period. Results The BP group increased relative and absolute VO2max (2.6 ± 3.6% and 2.0 ± 2.5%, P < 0.05) and time to exhaustion (6.1 ± 6.4%, P < 0.01). No changes were seen in the TRAD group on relative or absolute VO2max (0.8 ± 3.5% and -0.1 ± 3.0%) or time to exhaustion (-2.0 ± 7.7%). Mean effects size (ES) of the relative and absolute improvement in VO2max and time to exhaustion revealed small to moderate effects of performing BP training vs. TRAD training (ES range from 0.51 to 1.14). Conclusions This study indicates that organizing endurance training in XC skiers with block periodization training give better adaptations compared to performing traditional periodization training during a 5 week training period when performing similar volumes of high-intensity and low intensity training.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether ski tourers in the Swedish mountains have enough knowledge and experience to perform the activity safely. Adventure oriented activities that demands equipment has over the last years increased among outdoor practitioners in Sweden. Because of the growth, ski touring equipment have had a rapid development and made the activity more accessible. In the northern parts of Sweden a survey- and a field study, were examine risk behavior, avalanche equipment and techbindings. The results shows that ski touring has increased over the last years and that the activity is mainly performed by young men that are experienced downhill skiers. According to the result men seems to have a higher risk acceptance and many off-piste skiers are prepared to take risks to get good skiing/ski touring. Nearly everyone from the study are carrying avalanche equipment, but it seems like some are not sufficiently prepared in case of an accident. The results also indicates that some ski tourers dis-trust the retention function of techbindings and some manually lock out the release mechanism of the binding exposing themselves to a high risk of lower leg injury.

Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka förekomsten av, samt faktorer som bidrar till work-family conflict (WFC) och burnout bland ideella och icke-ideella U16-tränare inom alpin skidåkning. För att besvara syftet ställdes frågeställningarna: “hur ser förekomsten av burnout och WFC ut hos ideella respektive heltidsanställda alpina U16-tränare?”, “finns det något samband mellan WFC och burnout för alpina U16-tränare?” och “finns det något samband mellan arbetade timmar, burnout och WFC hos alpina U16-tränare?”. Metod Studien var kvantitativ och bestod av en enkät, som besvarades av 11 svenska alpina U16-tränare, varav tio ideella med ett heltidsarbete vid sidan av, och en heltidsanställd tränare. Enkäten syftade till att ta reda på hur många timmar de arbetat de senaste sju dagarna, samt vilken typ av arbetsform; ideell eller heltid, de hade. Den syftar även till att mäta respektive tränares grad av burnout och WFC. För att ta reda på om det fanns något samband mellan WFC och burnout så analyserades data gällande WFC och burnout genom Spearmans korrelation för icke parametriska data. Samtliga beräkningar gjordes i Excel Version 2021.  Resultat Medelvärdet för burnout hos de ideella tränarna var 3,07 och 1,32 för den heltidsanställda tränaren. Medelvärdet för WFC hos de ideella tränarna var 15,64 och heltidsanställda tränarens värde var 7. Sambandet (R-värdet) mellan WFC och burnout för samtliga tränare var 0,31, men P-värdet var 0,35, vilket innebar avsaknad av signifikans och låg power. För de ideella tränarna så fanns två tendenser vid fler arbetade timmar; en ökning av burnoutvärden och en sänkning av WFC-värden. Slutsats För att få signifikanta resultat hade ett högre deltagarantal behövts men det finns ändå tendenser till ett samband mellan WFC och burnout för svenska alpina U16-tränare, även om detta samband var svagare än i tidigare studier. Det fanns även tendenser kring att ideella tränare upplever både en högre grad av burnout och en högre grad av WFC än heltidsanställda alpina U16-tränare, där dels typen arbetsform, och dels antalet arbetade timmar verkar vara två nyckelfaktorer. / <p>Ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott</p>