I digitala kretsar kan både bit-parallella och bit-seriella interface förekomma.T ex kan en integrerad digital krets (IC-krets) internt använda sig av bit-parallella aritmetiska kretsar medan dess kommunikation med andra integrerade kretsar sker bit-seriellt. Genom att använda seriell kommunikation mellan IC-kretsar kan antalet ben på kapslarna effektivt begränsas. Detta examensarbete gick ut på att göra en layoutgenerator för generering av en parametriserbar serie/parallellomvandlare och en parallell/serieomvandlare. När en krets använder sig av både bit-seriell och bit-parallell representation av data behövs dessa för att omvandla mellan formaten. / In digital circuits both bit-parallel and bit-serial interfaces can occur. For example, an integrated digital circuit can use bit-parallel arithmetic circuits internally while its communication with other integrated circuits is bit serial. By using serial communication between IC:s the number of pins on the packages can be effectively limited. The purpose of this final project work was to create a layout generator for generation of a parametrizable serial/parallel converter and a parallel/serial converter. If a circuit uses both bit-serial and bit-parallel representation of data these are needed to convert between the formats.

This study aims to analyse the use of performance, particularly dance, as a useful didactic tool for the development of linguistic and sociocultural competence in the learning field of Spanish as a foreign language. This professionalizing research is carried out through a comparative analysis of the application of a didactic proposal in two different Spanish learning contexts: an academic institute in the United States and a swedish secondary school.The data, gathered through the interpretative analysis of the responses provided in questionnaires given to the students and teachers at the end of the class and also through the observation process of the sessions, evidence that dance could support the development of linguistic competence since it creates a relaxed learning environment where learners assess their language skills and moreover, generates emotions that promote the specific use of linguistic elements when interaction occurs. Besides, the results demonstrate that the choice of the kind of dance (traditional-folk dance and ethnic dance) and the authenticity of the materials made possible to further the development of cultural competence. / En esta investigación se aborda el uso del performance, y en particular la danza, como un recurso didáctico útil para el desarrollo de la competencia lingüística y sociocultural, en el ámbito de aprendizaje del español como lengua extranjera (ELE). Se trata de un trabajo profesionalizador en el que se realiza un análisis comparativo de una propuesta didáctica puesta en práctica en dos entornos de aprendizaje ELE distintos: un contexto académico estadounidense y un instituto de secundaria sueco.Los datos, obtenidos a través del análisis de las respuestas proporcionadas en los cuestionarios entregados a los alumnos y a los docentes al finalizar el proyecto didáctico y también a través de la observación en el aula de las distintas sesiones, evidencian que la danza puede favorecer el desarrollo de la competencia lingüística puesto que establece entornos de aprendizaje relajados donde los aprendientes ponen a prueba sus destrezas lingüísticas y además provoca emociones que promueven el uso específico de elementos lingüísticos cuando ocurren interacciones. Además, los resultados demuestran que la elección de un tipo de danza (la tradicional-folclórica y la étnica) y la autenticidad de los materiales permitieron también el desarrollo de la competencia sociocultural.

This study examines the relations among information technology (IT), workplace organization and the demand for skilled labor. Recently, demand for skilled labor has relatively increased. One of the causes of this great increase is skill- biased technical change. Firms that are intensive users of IT tend to adopt a complementary set of organizational practices that include: decentralization of decision authority and a greater reliance on skill and human capital. I have explored the affects of IT on skill and organizational architecture of firm by using a detailed data which was collected from the aioecam Group of Company. I have tested that IT usage is complementary or substitutionary to a new workplace organization which includes broader job responsibilities, more decentralized decision-making and more self-managing teams together with IT and new organization are complements with worker skill measured in variety of ways.

Doctor of Philosophy(PhD) / PURPOSE:The aims of this study were to i) investigate the relationship between childhood motor skill proficiency and adolescent physical activity participation, cardiorespiratory endurance (fitness) and perceived sports competence, ii) assess the long-term impact of a one year primary school intervention to improve motor skills on physical activity and motor skill proficiency and iii) determine whether the observed relationships varied according to gender.METHODS: The Physical Activity and Skills Study (PASS) followed up participants of a primary school intervention (Move It Groove It - MIGI) to improve motor skill proficiency. Participants were initially assessed in 2000 as part of the intervention. In 2006/07, they were re-assessed for motor skill proficiency and also measured for physical activity level (Adolescent Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire), cardiorespiratory fitness (Multistage Fitness Test) and perceived sports competence (Physical Self-Perception Profile). Composite object control (kick, catch, throw) and locomotor (hop, side gallop, vertical jump) skill scores were constructed for analysis. Linear regressions examined relationships between childhood skill proficiency and adolescent: i) time in physical activity intensities and type, controlling for gender and school grade and ii) cardiorespiratory fitness, controlling for gender. Structural equation modelling was used to determine whether perceived sports competence mediated between childhood object control skill proficiency and subsequent adolescent physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. A general linear model examined the relationship between being an intervention/control student and time in physical activity adjusting for childhood skill and gender. RESULTS:From 928 original participants in 2000, 481 were located in 28 schools and 276 (57%) were assessed with at least one follow-up measure in 2006/07. Slightly more than half were female (52.4%) with a mean age of 16.4 years (range 14.2 to 18.3 yrs). Childhood object skill proficiency significantly impacted on later skill proficiency, physical activity and fitness, for both genders. Furthermore, perceived sports competence acted as a mediator between childhood object control skill proficiency and subsequent adolescent physical activity and fitness. Locomotor proficiency was not predictive of any outcome variable. Six years after the intervention, participants from the intervention schools still performed better than controls in one object control skill, but were no more active.CONCLUSION: Childhood proficiency in object control skills is an important influence on subsequent positive health-related behaviours and outcomes. Childhood interventions to improve object control skills may have a lasting impact. Results may inform intervention designs to promote physical activity and fitness in youth.

Doctor of Philosophy(PhD) / PURPOSE:The aims of this study were to i) investigate the relationship between childhood motor skill proficiency and adolescent physical activity participation, cardiorespiratory endurance (fitness) and perceived sports competence, ii) assess the long-term impact of a one year primary school intervention to improve motor skills on physical activity and motor skill proficiency and iii) determine whether the observed relationships varied according to gender.METHODS: The Physical Activity and Skills Study (PASS) followed up participants of a primary school intervention (Move It Groove It - MIGI) to improve motor skill proficiency. Participants were initially assessed in 2000 as part of the intervention. In 2006/07, they were re-assessed for motor skill proficiency and also measured for physical activity level (Adolescent Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire), cardiorespiratory fitness (Multistage Fitness Test) and perceived sports competence (Physical Self-Perception Profile). Composite object control (kick, catch, throw) and locomotor (hop, side gallop, vertical jump) skill scores were constructed for analysis. Linear regressions examined relationships between childhood skill proficiency and adolescent: i) time in physical activity intensities and type, controlling for gender and school grade and ii) cardiorespiratory fitness, controlling for gender. Structural equation modelling was used to determine whether perceived sports competence mediated between childhood object control skill proficiency and subsequent adolescent physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. A general linear model examined the relationship between being an intervention/control student and time in physical activity adjusting for childhood skill and gender. RESULTS:From 928 original participants in 2000, 481 were located in 28 schools and 276 (57%) were assessed with at least one follow-up measure in 2006/07. Slightly more than half were female (52.4%) with a mean age of 16.4 years (range 14.2 to 18.3 yrs). Childhood object skill proficiency significantly impacted on later skill proficiency, physical activity and fitness, for both genders. Furthermore, perceived sports competence acted as a mediator between childhood object control skill proficiency and subsequent adolescent physical activity and fitness. Locomotor proficiency was not predictive of any outcome variable. Six years after the intervention, participants from the intervention schools still performed better than controls in one object control skill, but were no more active.CONCLUSION: Childhood proficiency in object control skills is an important influence on subsequent positive health-related behaviours and outcomes. Childhood interventions to improve object control skills may have a lasting impact. Results may inform intervention designs to promote physical activity and fitness in youth.

Phenytoin is well-known antiepileptic drug with high anticonvulsant effect but also with proven side effects on motor activities associated with its long-term use. This thesis summarizes side effects of phenytoin on motor skills and coordination of rats after acute phenytoin treatment. Theoretical part includes proven effects of phenytoin on human and animal model. Knowledge about motor skills development of rats and comparison with human motor skills development is also included in the thesis. Apart from locomotion development, swimming development is also described. We compared three groups of rats in the experiment. Each group consisted of ten rats. We compared group with dosage 60 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, control group and vehicle group. Each group was tested before application for control. We tested animals on postnatal day 12, 18 and 25. Effects of phenytoin were evaluated by motor skills testing and swimming analyses. The results of this thesis have proved impaired motor skills and coordination after phenytoin treatment of 12 and 25 days old rats.

abstract: There is a growing necessity for learning opportunities that promote the development of soft skills among college students as they prepare to participate meaningfully in a global, knowledge-based world. Through conducting in-depth interviews with 9 peer-mentors with first, second, and third year levels of experience in Arizona State University’s LEAD mentoring program, this thesis seeks to understand the ways in which soft skill development is promoted through participation in a formal mentoring program. The LEAD mentoring program recruits mentors who have completed the LEAD program classes during their freshman year, are current ASU students in their sophomore year and above, and seek to support and guide other students. Findings reveal that peer-mentors gain a number of valuable soft skills through the mentoring experience: self-awareness, adaptability, teamwork and collaboration, and verbal communication. Additionally, students increased their self-efficacy and ability to seek support. Given these benefits, higher education institutions should seek to increase access to mentoring opportunities. Mentoring programs provide a powerful avenue by which to increase student success, improve inclusivity on campus, and advance justice and social transformation in an increasingly globalized world. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Social and Cultural Pedagogy 2020

Background: The number of patients per nursing staff and skill mix (the percentage of registered nurse) among nursing staff have an impact on the working environment, effects quality of care and patient safety. Aim: The aim of this study was to map the number of patients per nursing staff during a 24-hour period and to describe skill mix among nursing staff at emergency departments in medium-sized hospitals in Sweden. Method: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Thirty medium-sized Swedish emergency departments participated in this study. Result: The number of patients per registered nurse varied between 0,0-11,0 patients (mean=3,3) during a 24-hour period. The number of patients per licensed practical nurse varied between 0,0-17,2 (mean=4,7). The average skill mix was 58,1% registered nurses and 41,9% licensed practical nurses for 24 hours. Conclusion: The staffing of nurses does not follow the patient flow, which results in a higher number of patients per nursing staff between 11:00 am and 11:59 pm. Further studies are needed to optimize the staffing of nurses, which can lead to an improved working environment for nurses, an improved quality of care and an increased patient safety. / Bakgrund: Antal patienter per omvårdnadspersonal och skill mix (andel sjuksköterskor i procent) bland omvårdnadspersonal har en inverkan på arbetsmiljö, vårdkvalitet samt patientsäkerhet. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att kartlägga antalet patienter per omvårdnadspersonal under en 24-timmarsperiod samt att beskriva skill mix bland omvårdnadspersonalen vid akutmottagningar på mellanstora sjukhus i Sverige. Metod: Studien är en deskriptiv tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Trettio mellanstora svenska akutmottagningar deltog i studien. Resultat: Antalet patienter per sjuksköterska varierade mellan 0,0–11,0 patienter (medel= 3,3) under en 24-timmarsperiod. Antalet patienter per undersköterska varierade mellan 0,0–17,2 patienter (medel= 4,7). Skill mix var i genomsnitt 58,1% sjuksköterskor och 41,9% undersköterskor under 24 timmar. Slutsats: Bemanning av omvårdnadspersonal följer inte söktrycket/patientflödet, vilket resulterar i ett högre antal patienter per omvårdnadspersonal mellan klockan 11:00–23:59. Vidare studier behövs för att optimera bemanning av omvårdnadspersonal, vilket kan leda till förbättrad arbetsmiljö för omvårdnadspersonalen, en förbättrad vårdkvalité samt en ökad patientsäkerhet.

Today, a countless number of untrained and volunteer English as a second or foreign language teachers are working throughout the world to help meet the rising need for English teachers. Many of these volunteers have little or no training in teaching English. However, Basic Training and Resources for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (BTRTESOL) is a book and website that can be used as both a teacher-training program and a self-learning resource to help prepare these volunteer teachers. The idea for this program started with Dr. Lynn Henrichsen, who later invited a team of graduate students at Brigham Young University to work with him. This report documents the developmental process of two BTRTESOL units, namely, Unit 6A, "Developing English Language Learners' Listening Skills" and Unit 6B, "Developing English Language Learners' Speaking Skills." Both of these BTRTESOL units were designed to, first, familiarize novice and volunteer teachers with what it takes to listen and speak in a second language so that these teachers can identify the needs of their students successfully and plan and teach effectively. In addition, Unit 6A identifies several factors that make the second language listening process challenging. Unit 6B, on the other hand, describes four important characteristics of successful speaking activities. Finally, some of the most commonly used listening and speaking activities are recommended for novice and volunteer teachers to use with all levels of students. Additional resources, both print and electronic, are included at the end of each unit to help users learn more about each subject area and get additional teaching ideas.

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