Introdução: Estudos relatam uma maior prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular desfavoráveis em indivíduos com migrânea, mas os resultados são conflitantes. Objetivos: Investigar a presença de fatores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres adultas portadoras de migrânea e comparar com controles sadios. Métodos: Cinquenta e nove mulheres participaram deste estudo caso-controle. Sujeitos do estudo foram divididos em grupos de pacientes eutróficas e obesas e comparadas a grupos controle pareados por idade e índice de massa corporal. Níveis séricos de lipídios, glicemia de jejum, insulinemia, resistência à insulina, pressão arterial, tabagismo, atividade física, escore de Framingham, proteína creativa, história familiar de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV), distúrbios do sono, depressão e ângulo de fase por bioimpedância elétrica foram investigados. Resultados: As pacientes obesas com migrânea apresentaram menores valores de HDL-c do que pacientes e controles eutróficas; a resistência à insulina e a insulinemia foram relacionadas à obesidade; todas as pacientes com migrânea eram sedentárias, independentemente de seu estado nutricional; o escore de Framingham foi mais elevado em pacientes obesas com migrânea; pacientes com migrânea tiveram maiores escores de depressão; assim como curta duração do sono, especialmente as obesas. Conclusão: Resultados preliminares apontam nitidamente para sedentarismo e depressão e possíveis distúrbios do sono em pacientes com migrânea, além de plausível sobreposição de efeito da obesidade e da migrânea sobre os níveis séricos de HDL-c e escore de risco de Framingham. / Background: Studies have reported a higher prevalence of unfavorable cardiovascular risk factors amongst migraineurs, but results have been conflicting. Objective: To investigate cardiovascular risk factors in adult women with migraine and compare with health controls. Design and Methods: Fifty nine adult female probands participated in this case-control study. The study group was divided into normal weight and obese migraineurs and control groups matched by age and body mass index. Serum levels of lipids, fasting glucose, insulinemia, insulin resistance, blood pressure, smoking, physical inactivity, Framingham risk, C-reactive protein, family history of cardiovascular disease, sleep disturbances, depression and bioelectrical impedance phase angle were investigated. Results: Obese migraineurs had lower HDL-c than eutrophic controls and migraineurs, insulin resistance and insulinemia were obese-related, all migraineurs were sedentary irrespective of nutritional status, Framingham risk score was higher in obese migraineurs, migraineurs had higher depression scores and shorter sleep duration, obese migraineurs and also migraineurs taken together had worst sleep quality scores. Conclusion: Preliminary results points to marked inactivity, depression and some sleep disturbance in migraine patients, and also probably overlapped effects of obesity and migraine in HDL-c levels and 10-year Framingham general cardiovascular disease risk.

Introdução: Estudos relatam uma maior prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular desfavoráveis em indivíduos com migrânea, mas os resultados são conflitantes. Objetivos: Investigar a presença de fatores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres adultas portadoras de migrânea e comparar com controles sadios. Métodos: Cinquenta e nove mulheres participaram deste estudo caso-controle. Sujeitos do estudo foram divididos em grupos de pacientes eutróficas e obesas e comparadas a grupos controle pareados por idade e índice de massa corporal. Níveis séricos de lipídios, glicemia de jejum, insulinemia, resistência à insulina, pressão arterial, tabagismo, atividade física, escore de Framingham, proteína creativa, história familiar de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV), distúrbios do sono, depressão e ângulo de fase por bioimpedância elétrica foram investigados. Resultados: As pacientes obesas com migrânea apresentaram menores valores de HDL-c do que pacientes e controles eutróficas; a resistência à insulina e a insulinemia foram relacionadas à obesidade; todas as pacientes com migrânea eram sedentárias, independentemente de seu estado nutricional; o escore de Framingham foi mais elevado em pacientes obesas com migrânea; pacientes com migrânea tiveram maiores escores de depressão; assim como curta duração do sono, especialmente as obesas. Conclusão: Resultados preliminares apontam nitidamente para sedentarismo e depressão e possíveis distúrbios do sono em pacientes com migrânea, além de plausível sobreposição de efeito da obesidade e da migrânea sobre os níveis séricos de HDL-c e escore de risco de Framingham. / Background: Studies have reported a higher prevalence of unfavorable cardiovascular risk factors amongst migraineurs, but results have been conflicting. Objective: To investigate cardiovascular risk factors in adult women with migraine and compare with health controls. Design and Methods: Fifty nine adult female probands participated in this case-control study. The study group was divided into normal weight and obese migraineurs and control groups matched by age and body mass index. Serum levels of lipids, fasting glucose, insulinemia, insulin resistance, blood pressure, smoking, physical inactivity, Framingham risk, C-reactive protein, family history of cardiovascular disease, sleep disturbances, depression and bioelectrical impedance phase angle were investigated. Results: Obese migraineurs had lower HDL-c than eutrophic controls and migraineurs, insulin resistance and insulinemia were obese-related, all migraineurs were sedentary irrespective of nutritional status, Framingham risk score was higher in obese migraineurs, migraineurs had higher depression scores and shorter sleep duration, obese migraineurs and also migraineurs taken together had worst sleep quality scores. Conclusion: Preliminary results points to marked inactivity, depression and some sleep disturbance in migraine patients, and also probably overlapped effects of obesity and migraine in HDL-c levels and 10-year Framingham general cardiovascular disease risk.

Introdução: As preocupações referentes aos níveis de ruído no mundo moderno têm se agravado em função dos processos de urbanização e industrialização, que têm comprometido a qualidade acústica urbana devido às múltiplas fontes de ruído existentes. O impacto da exposição ao ruído na saúde da população ainda não está claramente estabelecido. Estratégias para a padronização de medidas de avaliação do ruído urbano, assim como a relação causal entre exposição ambiental e desfechos em saúde tem sido objeto de pesquisa. Objetivo: avaliar a situação acústica do distrito de Pinheiros, São Paulo e o impacto da exposição ao ruído na saúde da população residente no distrito. Metodologia: O estudo foi conduzido em duas etapas: (1) avaliação do ruído no distrito em estudo e elaboração de mapas de ruído, usando o software Predictor 8.11, em áreas selecionadas como expostas e não expostas ao ruído do tráfego rodoviário; (2) avaliação dos efeitos na saúde da população residente no distrito, por meio de um inquérito domiciliar com a população residente no distrito. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas usando o Teste Qui-quadrado e a Regressão Logística Múltipla. Resultados: Foram avaliados 75 pontos, contabilizando 20h de medição. Em todos os pontos, os níveis de ruído ultrapassaram os limites estabelecidos pela legislação. Nas áreas expostas, a situação acústica caracteriza a existência de poluição sonora. Foram conduzidas 225 entrevistas. Observou-se associação entre morar em área exposta e: perceber o ruído do tráfego e considerar o local da residência um ambiente ruidoso; relatar incômodo em função deste ruído e quando da realização de atividades como assistir televisão, descansar, conversar e se concentrar na realização de tarefas. Foi identificada relação dose-resposta entre aumento do grau de incômodo com o ruído do tráfego rodoviário e aumento dos níveis de ruído. Os fatores associados a morar nas áreas não expostas ao ruído do tráfego foram: incômodo com o ruído de vizinhança e qualidade do sono regular/ruim. Conclusão: Este estudo representa um avanço metodológico na mensuração do ruído urbano, que buscou produzir dados confiáveis e comparáveis em nível local e global. Os resultados referentes aos efeitos na saúde da população mostram a importância de se reformular as políticas públicas brasileiras visando a realização de ações direcionadas à prevenção, gestão e monitoramento do ruído no espaço urbano. / Introduction: Concerns regarding noise levels in the modern world have worsened due to the urbanization and industrialization processes, that have committed to urban acoustic quality because of the multiple noise sources. The impact of noise exposure on population health is still not clearly established. Strategies for standardizing measures for assessing urban noise, as well as the causal relationship between environmental exposure and health endpoints have been subjects of research. Objective: to evaluate the acoustical situation in the district of Pinheiros, São Paulo, and the impact of noise exposure on health in the resident population in the district. Methods: The study was conducted in two steps: (1) noise assessment in the district under study and noise mapping, using the software Predictor 8.11, in areas selected as exposed and non-exposed to road traffic noise; (2) assessment of the health effects of the resident population in the district, through a household survey. Statistical analyses using Chi Square Test and Multiple Logistic Regression were performed. Results: 75 points were evaluated, accounting for 20h of measurement. At all points, the noise levels exceeded the limits established by law. In exposed areas, the noise situation characterizes the existence of noise pollution. 225 interviews were conducted. We observed an association between living in exposed area and: perceiving the traffic noise and consider the place of residence a noisy environment; report annoyance due to this noise and when performing activities such as watching television, resting, talking and concentrate on performing tasks. A dose-response relationship between increasing degree of annoyance with road traffic noise and increased noise levels was observed. The factors associated with living in areas not exposed to traffic noise were annoyance with neighborhood noise and fair / poor sleep quality. Conclusion: This study represents a methodological advance in the measurement of urban noise, as it sought to produce reliable and comparable data on local and global level. The results regarding the effects on health of the population show the importance of reformulating the Brazilian public policies aiming to carry out actions towards the prevention, management and monitoring of noise in the urban space.

<b>Study 1:</b><div><b>Background:</b> Insomnia may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in HIV (HIV-CVD); however, mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. <b>Methods:</b> We examined cross-sectional associations of insomnia symptoms with biological mechanisms of HIV-CVD (immune activation, systemic inflammation, and coagulation) among 1,542 people living with HIV from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Biomarker Cohort. Past-month insomnia symptoms were assessed by the item, “Difficulty falling or staying asleep?,” with the following response options: “I do not have this symptom” or “I have this symptom and…” “it doesn’t bother me,” “it bothers me a little,” “it bothers me,” “it bothers me a lot.” Circulating levels of the monocyte activation marker soluble CD14 (sCD14), inflammatory marker interleukin-6 (IL-6), and coagulation marker D-dimer were determined from blood specimens. Demographic- and fully-adjusted (CVD risk factors, potential confounders, HIV-related factors) regression models were constructed, with log-transformed biomarker variables as the outcomes. We present the exponentiated regression coefficient (exp[b]) and its 95% confidence interval (<i>CI</i>). <b>Results:</b> For sCD14 and D-dimer, we observed no significant associations. For IL-6, veterans in the “bothers a lot” group had 15% higher IL-6 than veterans in the “I do not have this symptom” group in the demographic-adjusted model (exp[b]=1.15, 95%<i>CI</i>=1.02-1.29, <i>p</i>=.03). This association was nonsignificant in the fully-adjusted model (exp[b]=1.07, 95%<i>CI</i>=0.95-1.19, <i>p</i>=.25). <b>Conclusion:</b> We observed little evidence of relationships between insomnia symptoms and markers of biological mechanisms of HIV-CVD. Other mechanisms may be responsible for the insomnia-CVD relationship in HIV; however, future studies with comprehensive assessments of insomnia symptoms are warranted.</div><div><p><b>Study 2:</b></p><p><b>Background:</b> While insomnia has been identified as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease in HIV (HIV-CVD), research on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is scarce. <b>Methods:</b> We examined associations between 0-to-12-week changes in sleep disturbance and the concurrent 0-to-12-week changes and the subsequent 12-to-24-week changes in markers of systemic inflammation, coagulation, and endothelial dysfunction among people living with HIV (<i>n</i> = 33-38) enrolled in a depression clinical trial. Sleep disturbance was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and coagulation marker D-dimer were determined from blood specimens; endothelial dysfunction marker brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was determined by ultrasound. 0-to-12-week variables were calculated as 12-week visit minus baseline, and 12-to-24-week variables were calculated as 24-week minus 12-week. We constructed multivariate linear regression models for each outcome adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, Framingham risk score, and baseline depressive symptoms. <b>Results:</b> We did not observe statistically significant associations between 0-to-12-week changes in sleep disturbance and 0-to-12-week or 12-to-24-week changes in IL-6, CRP, D-dimer, or FMD. However, we did observe potentially meaningful associations, likely undetected due to low power. For 0-to-12-weeks, every 1-standard deviation (<i>SD</i>) increase, or worsening, in the sleep disturbance change score was associated with a 0.41 pg/mL and 80 ng/mL decease in IL-6 and D-dimer, respectively. For 12-to-24-weeks, every 1-<i>SD</i> increase in sleep disturbance change score was associated with a 0.63 mg/L, 111 ng/mL, and 0.82% increase in CRP, D-dimer, and FMD, respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> We observed potentially meaningful, though not statistically significant, associations between changes in sleep disturbance and changes in biological mechanisms underlying HIV-CVD over time. Some associations were in the expected direction, but others were not. Additional studies are needed that utilize larger samples and validated, comprehensive assessments of insomnia.</p></div>

No description available.

Problématique : La littérature scientifique ne contient actuellement aucune étude épidémiologique portant sur la relation entre l’exposition à une infestation de punaises de lit (Cimex lectularis) et la santé mentale. L’objectif de cette étude est d’explorer la relation entre le statut d’exposition aux punaises de lit et des mesures de dépression, anxiété et perturbation du sommeil. Méthodes : Cette recherche est une étude transversale basée sur une analyse secondaire des données provenant de N=91 adultes locataires de logements insalubres qui ont répondu à un questionnaire de santé au moment d’interventions médico-environnementales menées par la direction de santé publique de Montréal entre janvier et juin 2010. Le questionnaire de santé inclut le « Questionnaire de santé du patient (QSP-9) », qui est un outil mesurant les symptômes associés à la dépression, l’outil de dépistage d’anxiété généralisée (GAD-7) et les items 1-18 de l’indice de la qualité du sommeil de Pittsburgh (PSQI). L’association entre une exposition autorapportée à une infestation de punaises de lit et le niveau de perturbation du sommeil selon la sous-échelle correspondante du PSQI, les symptômes dépressifs selon le QSP-9 et les symptômes anxieux selon le GAD-7, a été évaluée en utilisant une analyse de régression linéaire multivariée. Des données descriptives relatives aux troubles de sommeil autodéclarés et à des comportements reliés à un isolement social, dus à une exposition aux punaises de lit, sont aussi présentées. Résultats : L’échantillon comprenait 38 hommes et 53 femmes. Parmi les 91 participants, 49 adultes ont signalé une exposition aux punaises de lit et de ce nombre, 53,06% (26/49) ont déclaré des troubles de sommeil et 46,94% (23/49) des comportements d’isolement social, en raison de l’exposition. Les adultes exposés à des punaises de lit ont obtenu des résultats significativement plus élevés sur le QSP-9 (p=0,025), le GAD-7 (p=0,026) et sur la sous-échelle mesurant la perturbation du sommeil (p=0,003) comparativement à ceux qui n’étaient pas exposés. Conclusions : Cette première étude exploratoire met en évidence une association significative entre l’état d’exposition aux punaises de lit et des troubles de sommeil, ainsi que des symptômes anxieux et dépressifs, indiquant que ceux qui sont exposés aux punaises de lit représentent un groupe possiblement à risque de développer des problèmes de santé mentale. Ces résultats viennent en appui aux initiatives des décideurs pour organiser des efforts coordonnés d’éradication au niveau des villes et des provinces. / Background : The peer-reviewed literature currently contains no epidemiologic study examining the relationship between exposure to bed bug (Cimex lectularius) infestation and mental health. The objective of this research study is to explore the relationship between bed bug exposure status and measures of depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance. Methods : This is a cross-sectional study based on a secondary analysis of data from N=91 adult tenants of unfit dwellings who responded to a health questionnaire at the time of medico-environmental interventions led by the Montreal Public Health department between January and June 2010. The health questionnaire included the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire Mood Scale (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) and items 1-18 of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The relationship between self reported bed bug exposure and level of sleep disturbance as per the PSQI’s 5th subscale, depressive and anxious symptoms according to the PHQ-9 and the GAD-7 respectively, was evaluated using multivariate linear regression analysis. Descriptive data pertaining to self-reported sleep difficulties and social isolation behaviours due to bed bugs in the exposed subset are also presented. Results : The study sample included 38 men and 53 women. Out of the 91 participants, 49 adults reported bed bug exposure and of these, 53.06% (26/49) reported sleep difficulties and 46.94% (23/49) social isolation behaviours, due to exposure. Adults exposed to bed bugs scored significantly higher on the PHQ-9 (p=0.025), the GAD-7(p=0.026) and on the sleep disturbance subscale, PSQI(5) (p=0.003) compared to those unexposed. Conclusions : This first exploratory study highlights a significant association between bed bug exposure status and sleep disturbance as well as anxious and depressive symptoms, delineating individuals exposed as a possible group at risk for mental health problems. These findings support policy-makers’ initiatives to organize coordinated eradication efforts at the city and state levels.

Problématique : La littérature scientifique ne contient actuellement aucune étude épidémiologique portant sur la relation entre l’exposition à une infestation de punaises de lit (Cimex lectularis) et la santé mentale. L’objectif de cette étude est d’explorer la relation entre le statut d’exposition aux punaises de lit et des mesures de dépression, anxiété et perturbation du sommeil. Méthodes : Cette recherche est une étude transversale basée sur une analyse secondaire des données provenant de N=91 adultes locataires de logements insalubres qui ont répondu à un questionnaire de santé au moment d’interventions médico-environnementales menées par la direction de santé publique de Montréal entre janvier et juin 2010. Le questionnaire de santé inclut le « Questionnaire de santé du patient (QSP-9) », qui est un outil mesurant les symptômes associés à la dépression, l’outil de dépistage d’anxiété généralisée (GAD-7) et les items 1-18 de l’indice de la qualité du sommeil de Pittsburgh (PSQI). L’association entre une exposition autorapportée à une infestation de punaises de lit et le niveau de perturbation du sommeil selon la sous-échelle correspondante du PSQI, les symptômes dépressifs selon le QSP-9 et les symptômes anxieux selon le GAD-7, a été évaluée en utilisant une analyse de régression linéaire multivariée. Des données descriptives relatives aux troubles de sommeil autodéclarés et à des comportements reliés à un isolement social, dus à une exposition aux punaises de lit, sont aussi présentées. Résultats : L’échantillon comprenait 38 hommes et 53 femmes. Parmi les 91 participants, 49 adultes ont signalé une exposition aux punaises de lit et de ce nombre, 53,06% (26/49) ont déclaré des troubles de sommeil et 46,94% (23/49) des comportements d’isolement social, en raison de l’exposition. Les adultes exposés à des punaises de lit ont obtenu des résultats significativement plus élevés sur le QSP-9 (p=0,025), le GAD-7 (p=0,026) et sur la sous-échelle mesurant la perturbation du sommeil (p=0,003) comparativement à ceux qui n’étaient pas exposés. Conclusions : Cette première étude exploratoire met en évidence une association significative entre l’état d’exposition aux punaises de lit et des troubles de sommeil, ainsi que des symptômes anxieux et dépressifs, indiquant que ceux qui sont exposés aux punaises de lit représentent un groupe possiblement à risque de développer des problèmes de santé mentale. Ces résultats viennent en appui aux initiatives des décideurs pour organiser des efforts coordonnés d’éradication au niveau des villes et des provinces. / Background : The peer-reviewed literature currently contains no epidemiologic study examining the relationship between exposure to bed bug (Cimex lectularius) infestation and mental health. The objective of this research study is to explore the relationship between bed bug exposure status and measures of depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance. Methods : This is a cross-sectional study based on a secondary analysis of data from N=91 adult tenants of unfit dwellings who responded to a health questionnaire at the time of medico-environmental interventions led by the Montreal Public Health department between January and June 2010. The health questionnaire included the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire Mood Scale (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) and items 1-18 of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The relationship between self reported bed bug exposure and level of sleep disturbance as per the PSQI’s 5th subscale, depressive and anxious symptoms according to the PHQ-9 and the GAD-7 respectively, was evaluated using multivariate linear regression analysis. Descriptive data pertaining to self-reported sleep difficulties and social isolation behaviours due to bed bugs in the exposed subset are also presented. Results : The study sample included 38 men and 53 women. Out of the 91 participants, 49 adults reported bed bug exposure and of these, 53.06% (26/49) reported sleep difficulties and 46.94% (23/49) social isolation behaviours, due to exposure. Adults exposed to bed bugs scored significantly higher on the PHQ-9 (p=0.025), the GAD-7(p=0.026) and on the sleep disturbance subscale, PSQI(5) (p=0.003) compared to those unexposed. Conclusions : This first exploratory study highlights a significant association between bed bug exposure status and sleep disturbance as well as anxious and depressive symptoms, delineating individuals exposed as a possible group at risk for mental health problems. These findings support policy-makers’ initiatives to organize coordinated eradication efforts at the city and state levels.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:16:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelaP.pdf: 554087 bytes, checksum: 7d7c8a0a2087e44b60ffd98a4157a3cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-31 / The restriction of physical fitness is directly related with hypertension and sleep disorders, while the respiratory muscle strength is associated with hypertension, but the literature is scarce regarding its relationship with sleep disorders and particularly with excessive daytime sleepiness. Objectives: To compare physical fitness and strength of respiratory muscles between people with hypertension with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and non EDS people, those who do not feel excessive daytime sleepiness, in addition to relate aerobics resistance and functional mobility of patients. Methods: An observational, analytical and transversal study, evaluated 32 elderly with hypertension, divided into two groups (EDS and non EDS), in which the following topics were measured; respiratory muscular strength, functional fitness, level of physical activity, level of excessive daytime sleepiness, quality of sleep and intensity of the patients snoring. Results: There was a significant difference in the level of EDS (P=0,00) and quality of sleep (p=0,03), however, the data related to snoring intensity (p=0,18), maximum inspiratory pressure PImax (p=0,39) and maximum expiratory pressure PEmax (p=0,98) did not show any difference. Also, no significant difference was observed concerning physical fitness, presenting p=0,08 for the sitting and getting up test on the chair in 30 ; p=0,54 for the extension and flexing of the elbow test in 30 ; p=0,38 for the walking test 6 ; p=0,38 for the parking gear test 2 , p=0,08 for the sitting and reaching test; p=0,42 for the scratching the back test; p=0,49 for the getting up and walking test; and p=0,62 for the global rate of activity limitation. There was moderate positive correlation between 6MWT and 2MST, r=0,54 (p=0,01) and negative moderate correlation between 6MWT and TUG, r=-0,61 (p=0,000) and between 2MST and TUG, r=-0,60 (p=0,000). Conclusion: The presence of EDS in the hypertension people studied, showed a bad quality of sleep, however this sleepiness did not influence the strength of the respiratory muscles. The physical fitness came out diminished in all hypertension people, regardless of the presence or non presence of sleep disturbance; and there is a close relationship between cardiovascular resistance and physical mobility, since when there is less cardiovascular resistance, there is precarious physical mobility and vice-versa / A limita??o na capacidade funcional relaciona-se diretamente com a hipertens?o e com os dist?rbios do sono, j? a for?a dos m?sculos respirat?rios est? associada com a hipertens?o, mas a literatura ? escassa quanto sua rela??o com os dist?rbios do sono e, principalmente, com a sonol?ncia diurna excessiva. Objetivos: Comparar capacidade funcional e for?a dos m?sculos respirat?rios entre hipertensas com sonol?ncia diurna excessiva (SDE) e hipertensas sem SDE, al?m de relacionar resist?ncia aer?bica e mobilidade funcional das pacientes. M?todos: Estudo observacional, anal?tico e transversal, avaliou 32 idosas hipertensas, divididas em dois grupos (com SDE e sem SDE), nos quais foram mensurados for?a muscular respirat?ria, capacidade funcional, n?vel de atividade f?sica, grau de sonol?ncia diurna excessiva, qualidade do sono e intensidade do ronco. Resultados: Houve diferen?a significativa no grau de SDE (p=0,00) e qualidade do sono (p=0,03), por?m os dados relativos ? intensidade do ronco (p=0,18), press?o inspirat?ria m?xima - PIm?x (p=0,39), e press?o expirat?ria m?xima - PEm?x (p=0,98) n?o apresentaram diferen?as significativas. Tamb?m n?o foi observada diferen?a significativa quanto ? capacidade funcional, apresentando p=0,08 para o teste sentar e levantar da cadeira em 30 ; p=0,54 para o teste extens?o e flex?o do cotovelo em 30 ; p=0,38 para o teste da caminhada de 6 (TC6 ); p=0,38 para o teste da marcha estacion?ria dos 2 (TME2 ); p=0,08 para o teste sentar e alcan?ar; p=0,42 para o teste co?ar as costas; p=0,49 para o teste levantar e caminhar (TUG); e p=0,62 para o ?ndice global de limita??o das atividades. Houve correla??o positiva moderada entre TC6 e TME2 , r=0,36 (p=0,04) e correla??o negativa moderada entre TC6 e TUG, r=-0,59 (p=0,000) e entre TME2 e TUG, r=-0,66 (p=0,000). Conclus?o: A presen?a de SDE, nas hipertensas estudadas, demonstrou uma qualidade de sono ruim, entretanto essa sonol?ncia n?o influenciou a for?a dos m?sculos respirat?rios. A capacidade funcional apresentou-se diminu?da em todas as hipertensas, independentemente da presen?a ou n?o de dist?rbios do sono; e, foi ainda demonstrada a rela??o entre resist?ncia cardiovascular e mobilidade funcional, de modo que havendo menor resist?ncia cardiovascular, h? mobilidade funcional prec?ria e vice-versa

This study investigated the relationship among anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances and the treatment of these three disorders through neurotherapy. Research suggests that these conditions commonly co-occur in the general population and that central nervous system (CNS) arousal may play a primary role in the development and maintenance of these disorders. Several recent studies suggested that neurotherapy, a biofeedback-based treatment for CNS dysregulation, might be an effective treatment for comorbid conditions, particularly the ones of interest here, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. This investigation used a clinical case-series design to assess pre/post neurotherapy changes on objective measures of anxiety, depression, and sleep and to determine whether changes in anxiety and depression then predict improvements in sleep quality. Data for 23 participants (10 males) were obtained from files of adults (Mage = 40.22 years, SD = 16.20) who received at least 15 neurotherapy sessions (M = 47.83 sessions, SD = 22.23) the University of North Texas Neurotherapy Lab. Matched pair t-tests revealed that symptoms of sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety showed significant improvements following neurotherapy. Neurotherapy treatment effect sizes generally ranged from moderate to large (d = .414 - .849). Multiple regression analysis found that changes in self-reported anxiety symptoms, but not depressive symptoms, predicted observed improvements in sleep quality (adjusted R2 = .26). Last, the implications and limitations were discussed in relation to neurotherapy practice and the associated research.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) prevalence is 47 million in the world, 160,000 in Sweden. AD will increase by 70% in 50 years. AD cost is $7.9 trillion dollars in medicine and healthcare costs annually. Modifiable risk factors need to be mapped. Objective: Explore the relationship between sleep disorders and AD. Method: Searching PubMed and ScienceDirect for a literature review with 20 articles that were quality-reviewed. Result: Sleep-related factors that increase the risk of AD 1) Sleep disorders, sleep disturbed breathing, sleep apnea and insomnia. 2) The influence on cognitive ability, learning and memory showed correlation with sleep parameters. Sleep longer than 9 hours or less than 7 hours, daily naps longer than one hour were associated with increased AD risk 3) Other diseases and interfering factors, depression, cognitive impairment. Carriers of the APOE4-e4 gene with depression or cognitive impairment. IL-1b, a marker for inflammation, increases the risk of sleep disorders. People with clinician-verified depression and APOE-e4 were associated with a very high risk of AD, people with APOE-e4 and sleep disorders were associated with a high risk of AD. Symptoms of poor sleep that may be a sign of mechanisms are inflammation and tau / Ab accumulation as a sign of neurodegeneration. Conclusion: Sleep disorders, sleep parameters, disturbed REM sleep and genes are important for AD incidence. Programs to improve health literacy, control and treatment of sleep disorders and depression, limitation of risk factors, training in risk factors and sleep interventions. Interdisciplinary AD research needs to address the problem through transdisciplinary collaboration. / Prevalensen för Alzheimers sjukdom (AD) är 47 miljoner i världen varav 160 000 i Sverige. Antalet personer med AD kommer att öka med 70 % om 50 år. Kostnaderna för AD är 7900 miljarder dollar i medicin och vårdkostnader årligen. Påverkbara riskfaktorer kan därför behöva kartläggas. Syfte: Att kartlägga kunskapsläget kring och samband mellan sömnstörningar och AD. Metod: Sökning i PubMed och ScienceDirekt för en litteraturöversikt med 20 artiklar som kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades. Resultat: Sömnrelaterade faktorer som ökar risken för AD 1) Sömnsjukdomar, sömnrelaterad andningsstörning, sömnapné och insomni 2) Sömnpåverkan, fragmenterad sömn, otillräcklig sömnkvalitet, otillräcklig REM sömnslängd och ”REM latency”. Påverkan på kognitiv förmåga, inlärning och minne visade samband med sömnparametrar. Sömn längre än 9 timmar eller kortare än 7 timmar, dagliga tupplurar längre än en timme var associerat med ökad AD risk 3) Andra sjukdomar och samverkande faktorer, depression, kognitiv påverkan. Bärare av APOE4-e4 genen som hade depression eller kognitiv nedsättning. IL-1b, en markör för inflammation ger större risk för sömnstörningar. Personer med kliniskt etablerad depression och APOE-e4 associerades med mycket hög risk för AD, personer med APOE-e4 och sömnstörningar associerades hög risk för AD. Symptom vid sämre sömn som kan vara tecken på mekanismer är inflammation samt tau/Ab ansamling som tecken på neurodegeneration. Slutsats: Sömnstörningar, störd REM sömn och gener har betydelse för AD incidens. Program med hälsoinformation för att öka hälsolitteracitet behövs samt kontroll och behandling av sömnstörningar, depression och begränsning av riskfaktorer, utbildning i riskfaktorer och sömninterventioner. Tvärvetenskaplig AD forskning behöver hantera problemet genom ämnesövergripande samverkan.