People use language to communicate their needs and intentions, to express emotions, and to form relationships. It seems likely that a disruption in children's language development would have a negative impact on their social development. There is extensive research that shows that school age children with delayed language are "at risk" for increased maladaptive behaviors (Cantwell and Baker, 1977). Whether this is also true for children in the earliest stages of language development is not yet known. The questions this study sought to answer were: 1) Is there a significant difference in the severity and frequency of maladaptive behaviors seen in language delayed children, children who were "late talkers," or children with normal language? and 2) Is there a significant difference among the three subject groups in terms of which behaviors parents are the most concerned about·?

This investigation compared maternal remarks to language delayed offspring and maternal remarks to normal language developing offspring in an attempt to determine if and where differences occurred. The following questions were asked: 1) Do mothers of language delayed children present their children with a significantly different percentage of verbal constraints (commands and question) than do mothers of normal language developing children in a play situation? 2) Do mothers of language delayed children present their children with an equal number of utterances as mothers of normal language developing children in a play situation? 3) Is the maternal mean length of response equal? 4) Do mothers of language delayed children present their children with a significantly different percentage of types of remarks than mothers of normal language developing children?

The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency and range of communication intentions in normally developing toddlers and ELD toddlers. Data were gathered from ten minute video tapes of low structured parent/child interaction by coding twelve communication intentions commonly acquired in the first two years of life and expressed with five modes of communication.

Enligt min erfarenhet pratas det sällan i skolan om begåvning generellt och absolut inte om svag teoretisk begåvning. Det kan vara en bidragande orsak till att många elever inte får det stöd de behöver. Syftet med denna studie är undersöka vad för kunskaper pedagoger har om svag teoretisk begåvning, vad för stöd pedagoger beskriver att elever får under skoldagen, vilket stöd pedagogerna själva anser sig behöva och hur pedagoger samtalar om de med svag teoretisk begåvning i kollegiet, med elever och vårdnadshavare. Via ett frågeformulär har 13 pedagoger besvarat öppna frågor om deras arbetssätt och samtalskultur. Resultatet visar med hjälp av en tematisk innehållsanalys och utifrån Nilholms specialpedagogiska perspektiv att det stöd som ges är av kompensatoriska slag men vid samtalen så har pedagogerna ett kritiskt synsätt där relationer betonas. Behov av mer kunskap finns både gällande vad svag teoretisk begåvning innebär, hur stöd ges på bästa sätt och hur pedagoger kan stärkas i att samtala om begåvning i stort men i synnerhet svag teoretisk begåvning. Vidare forskning behövs om vilka samtalsmetoder som kan hjälpa pedagoger att ha givande samtal med kollegor, elever och vårdnadshavare.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20235号 / 医博第4194号 / 新制||医||1019(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 別所 和久, 教授 鈴木 茂彦, 教授 渡邊 直樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20755号 / 医博第4285号 / 新制||医||1024(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 伊佐 正, 教授 宮本 享, 教授 井上 治久 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Elders usually experience high levels of loneliness in the society as they have retired from work and less of a center within the family. There are many interaction design work that target elder’s loneliness and aim to solve the problem by connecting elders with other people through distance. Digitalization’s connectedness is a helpful factor that can combat elder’s communication issues. At the same time, there are many already existing digital services that embed communication functions such as email, texting, and video call. Still, elders find themselves have difficulties using existing technology. The thesis focuses on why current digital technologies cannot help elders connect and communicate efficiently and how to re-design to help elders feel their willingness to communicate by current technologies. Empirical research in the thesis project has shown that elders lack trust towards digital systems due to lack of transparency and findings of specialized contexts. The project is in two parts: qualitative research and prototyping. Through qualitative research, the thesis shows that there is a lack of transparency and control from digital applications that elders experience. Prototyping outcomes suggests enabling personalization within digital services for elders by implementing slow user interactions and simple graphic elements.