Esta tese é um estudo etnográfico sobre como os Mbyá, grupo Guarani do leste do Rio Grande do Sul, concebem, usam e trocam seus bens materiais. O objetivo é analisar, à luz das abordagens contemporâneas sobre a teoria da dádiva e da antropologia do consumo, as relações sociais imbricadas na utilização e trocas de objetos, sua cultura material. Os objetos trocados pelos Mbyá podem ser classificados como objeto ritual, artesanato e mercadoria. Esses objetos circulam em uma série de transações, ora pautadas na troca do tipo dadivosa, ora na troca comercial. A partir da descrição e análise etnográficas, este trabalho procura entender como se manifestam essas trocas, explorando os conceitos nativos, como jopói (troca, trocar) e –vende (vender), comparando-os às noções clássicas de dádiva e mercadoria e identificando suas aproximações e distinções. Concomitantemente, buscou-se, na exploração desses conceitos, perceber as características das relações sociais imbricadas em cada modalidade de troca, e como elas participam da produção e reprodução social e do ethos Mbyá. Um dos principais valores morais que prescrevem as trocas entre os grupos locais é o mborayu (reciprocidade, generosidade). Através das trocas de objetos é possível compreender como o conceito de mborayu perpassa e se atualiza nos campos da identidade, estética, gênero, pessoa, vida social e ritual. As trocas de objetos evidenciam que a produção e reprodução local exigem a incorporação de elementos do Outro. A hipótese é que as distintas categorias de troca expressam diferenças na significação do que e de quem é incorporado. Por outro lado, há as categorias de troca que impelem a produção de si para fora. Há assim, uma via dupla que busca, ao mesmo tempo, produzir uma identidade para dentro com a incorporação de partes do Outro, e outra, que produz uma identidade para fora, elaborada com partes do Mesmo. / An ethnographic analysis is provided on the manner the Mbyá, a Guarani group of the eastern region of Rio Grande does Sul, Brazil, naturalize, employ and exchange material goods. Current research comprises an analysis on the social relationships underlying the exchange of goods, or rather, the group’s material culture, according to contemporary approaches on gifts and consumption anthropology. Items exchanged by the Mbyá may be classified as ritual, crafts and goods, which are transacted through a series of dealings either of the gift or of the commercial type. Research investigates how exchanges manifest themselves through descriptions and ethnographic analyses, explores native concepts such as jopói (exchange) and –vende (to sell), compares them to the classical concepts of gift and goods, and identifies similarities and differences. Exploring these items, research tried to perceive the characteristics of social relationships underlying each kind of exchange and how they participate in social production and reproduction and in their ethos. Mborayu (reciprocity, generosity) is one of the main moral values that prescribe exchange among local groups. Item exchange reveals how the mborayu concept is conveyed and updated in the identity, aesthetic, gender, personal, social and ritual fields. Item exchange evidences that local production and reproduction require the incorporation of the characteristics of the Other. Hypothesis suggests that the different exchange categories express the differences in the meaning of what is incorporated and whose item it is. On the other hand, there are exchange categories that provoke the outward production of the self. A double way exists that endeavors to produce an inner identity through the incorporation of sections of the Other and, at the same time, an other way that produces an outward identity elaborated by sections of the Same.

Esta tese é um estudo etnográfico sobre como os Mbyá, grupo Guarani do leste do Rio Grande do Sul, concebem, usam e trocam seus bens materiais. O objetivo é analisar, à luz das abordagens contemporâneas sobre a teoria da dádiva e da antropologia do consumo, as relações sociais imbricadas na utilização e trocas de objetos, sua cultura material. Os objetos trocados pelos Mbyá podem ser classificados como objeto ritual, artesanato e mercadoria. Esses objetos circulam em uma série de transações, ora pautadas na troca do tipo dadivosa, ora na troca comercial. A partir da descrição e análise etnográficas, este trabalho procura entender como se manifestam essas trocas, explorando os conceitos nativos, como jopói (troca, trocar) e –vende (vender), comparando-os às noções clássicas de dádiva e mercadoria e identificando suas aproximações e distinções. Concomitantemente, buscou-se, na exploração desses conceitos, perceber as características das relações sociais imbricadas em cada modalidade de troca, e como elas participam da produção e reprodução social e do ethos Mbyá. Um dos principais valores morais que prescrevem as trocas entre os grupos locais é o mborayu (reciprocidade, generosidade). Através das trocas de objetos é possível compreender como o conceito de mborayu perpassa e se atualiza nos campos da identidade, estética, gênero, pessoa, vida social e ritual. As trocas de objetos evidenciam que a produção e reprodução local exigem a incorporação de elementos do Outro. A hipótese é que as distintas categorias de troca expressam diferenças na significação do que e de quem é incorporado. Por outro lado, há as categorias de troca que impelem a produção de si para fora. Há assim, uma via dupla que busca, ao mesmo tempo, produzir uma identidade para dentro com a incorporação de partes do Outro, e outra, que produz uma identidade para fora, elaborada com partes do Mesmo. / An ethnographic analysis is provided on the manner the Mbyá, a Guarani group of the eastern region of Rio Grande does Sul, Brazil, naturalize, employ and exchange material goods. Current research comprises an analysis on the social relationships underlying the exchange of goods, or rather, the group’s material culture, according to contemporary approaches on gifts and consumption anthropology. Items exchanged by the Mbyá may be classified as ritual, crafts and goods, which are transacted through a series of dealings either of the gift or of the commercial type. Research investigates how exchanges manifest themselves through descriptions and ethnographic analyses, explores native concepts such as jopói (exchange) and –vende (to sell), compares them to the classical concepts of gift and goods, and identifies similarities and differences. Exploring these items, research tried to perceive the characteristics of social relationships underlying each kind of exchange and how they participate in social production and reproduction and in their ethos. Mborayu (reciprocity, generosity) is one of the main moral values that prescribe exchange among local groups. Item exchange reveals how the mborayu concept is conveyed and updated in the identity, aesthetic, gender, personal, social and ritual fields. Item exchange evidences that local production and reproduction require the incorporation of the characteristics of the Other. Hypothesis suggests that the different exchange categories express the differences in the meaning of what is incorporated and whose item it is. On the other hand, there are exchange categories that provoke the outward production of the self. A double way exists that endeavors to produce an inner identity through the incorporation of sections of the Other and, at the same time, an other way that produces an outward identity elaborated by sections of the Same.

Esta tese é um estudo etnográfico sobre como os Mbyá, grupo Guarani do leste do Rio Grande do Sul, concebem, usam e trocam seus bens materiais. O objetivo é analisar, à luz das abordagens contemporâneas sobre a teoria da dádiva e da antropologia do consumo, as relações sociais imbricadas na utilização e trocas de objetos, sua cultura material. Os objetos trocados pelos Mbyá podem ser classificados como objeto ritual, artesanato e mercadoria. Esses objetos circulam em uma série de transações, ora pautadas na troca do tipo dadivosa, ora na troca comercial. A partir da descrição e análise etnográficas, este trabalho procura entender como se manifestam essas trocas, explorando os conceitos nativos, como jopói (troca, trocar) e –vende (vender), comparando-os às noções clássicas de dádiva e mercadoria e identificando suas aproximações e distinções. Concomitantemente, buscou-se, na exploração desses conceitos, perceber as características das relações sociais imbricadas em cada modalidade de troca, e como elas participam da produção e reprodução social e do ethos Mbyá. Um dos principais valores morais que prescrevem as trocas entre os grupos locais é o mborayu (reciprocidade, generosidade). Através das trocas de objetos é possível compreender como o conceito de mborayu perpassa e se atualiza nos campos da identidade, estética, gênero, pessoa, vida social e ritual. As trocas de objetos evidenciam que a produção e reprodução local exigem a incorporação de elementos do Outro. A hipótese é que as distintas categorias de troca expressam diferenças na significação do que e de quem é incorporado. Por outro lado, há as categorias de troca que impelem a produção de si para fora. Há assim, uma via dupla que busca, ao mesmo tempo, produzir uma identidade para dentro com a incorporação de partes do Outro, e outra, que produz uma identidade para fora, elaborada com partes do Mesmo. / An ethnographic analysis is provided on the manner the Mbyá, a Guarani group of the eastern region of Rio Grande does Sul, Brazil, naturalize, employ and exchange material goods. Current research comprises an analysis on the social relationships underlying the exchange of goods, or rather, the group’s material culture, according to contemporary approaches on gifts and consumption anthropology. Items exchanged by the Mbyá may be classified as ritual, crafts and goods, which are transacted through a series of dealings either of the gift or of the commercial type. Research investigates how exchanges manifest themselves through descriptions and ethnographic analyses, explores native concepts such as jopói (exchange) and –vende (to sell), compares them to the classical concepts of gift and goods, and identifies similarities and differences. Exploring these items, research tried to perceive the characteristics of social relationships underlying each kind of exchange and how they participate in social production and reproduction and in their ethos. Mborayu (reciprocity, generosity) is one of the main moral values that prescribe exchange among local groups. Item exchange reveals how the mborayu concept is conveyed and updated in the identity, aesthetic, gender, personal, social and ritual fields. Item exchange evidences that local production and reproduction require the incorporation of the characteristics of the Other. Hypothesis suggests that the different exchange categories express the differences in the meaning of what is incorporated and whose item it is. On the other hand, there are exchange categories that provoke the outward production of the self. A double way exists that endeavors to produce an inner identity through the incorporation of sections of the Other and, at the same time, an other way that produces an outward identity elaborated by sections of the Same.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / This paper presents a reflection about the sociability carried out by peasant families as a form of resistance to the socio-economic model of rationality imposed by capital in the field and forms of family organization and collective present in various aspects of life of these subjects for the construction and affirmation of its territory For this, bring to the debate social settings and productive built by families, looking looking to give visibility to the social relations of association between the subjects in the field through the enhancement subjectivities solidarity culture working with the land relative to the nature and actions of living in rural settlement In this perspective work has dialectical and is a case study conducted with the families of Santa Eliza peasant settlement which is located between the towns of Magdalena and Quixeramobim in the Cearà backwood Central The study aimed to analyze the diversity of social relations built by the families of the Settlement Santa Eliza as a form of resistance and build another model of development that prioritizes their knowledge practices and collective actions and as specific identifying the diversity of social and productive activities carried out within the family and community in the Settlement investigate the participation of the community in the different forms of social interaction made in settlement See and understand how they structure social practices in the construction of the territory Accordingly I sought to show how sociability built by peasant families underpinning another paradigm of welfare and development considering their ways of being and living places in a dynamic subjective relationships of kinship neighborhood friendship respect and reciprocity embodied in its concrete reality of production and social organization / O presente trabalho traz uma reflexÃo acerca das sociabilidades realizadas pelas famÃlias camponesas como forma de resistÃncia ao modelo de racionalidade socioeconÃmica imposta pelo capital no campo e as formas de organizaÃÃo familiar e coletiva presentes nas diversas dimensÃes da vida desses sujeitos na construÃÃo e afirmaÃÃo de seu territÃrio Para isso trago para o debate as configuraÃÃes sociais e produtivas construÃdas pelas famÃlias procurando dar visibilidade as relaÃÃes de associaÃÃo entre os sujeitos no campo atravÃs da valorizaÃÃo das subjetividades, solidariedade, cultura, trabalho com a terra relaÃÃo com a natureza e aÃÃes de convivÃncia no assentamento rural. Nessa perspectiva, o trabalho possui carÃter dialÃtico e trata de um Estudo de Caso realizado junto Ãs famÃlias camponesas do Assentamento Santa Eliza que se localiza entre os municÃpios de Quixeramobim e Madalena no SertÃo Central do Cearà O estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar a diversidade de relaÃÃes sociais construÃdas pelas famÃlias do Assentamento Santa Eliza como forma de resistÃncia e construÃÃo de outro modelo de desenvolvimento que priorize seus saberes prÃticas e aÃÃes coletivas e, como especÃficos identificar a diversidade de atividades sociais e produtivas realizadas no Ãmbito familiar e comunitÃrio no Assentamento investigar a participaÃÃo dos assentados (as) nas diferentes formas de interaÃÃo social realizadas no Assentamento perceber como se estruturam as prÃticas sociais na construÃÃo do territÃrio Nesse sentido busquei mostrar como as sociabilidades, construÃdas pelas famÃlias camponesas alicerÃam um outro paradigma de bem estar e desenvolvimento considerando seus modos de ser e de viver locais numa dinÃmica de relaÃÃes subjetivas de parentesco vizinhanÃa amizade respeito e reciprocidade materializadas em sua realidade concreta de produÃÃo e organizaÃÃo social

Ramunės Bleizgienės disertacijoje „Moters tapatybės problema XIX a. pabaigos–XX a. pradžios moterų kūryboje“ tapatumas nagrinėjamas kaip abipusės asmens ir sociokultūrinio konteksto sąveikos rezultatas, klausiant, kaip vykęs modernios lietuviškos visuomenės kūrimasis veikė moters tapatumo formas. Remiantis keleriopa metodologine perspektyva, moterų tapatybės kaita pristatoma kaip neatsiejama moterų tapimo viešais asmenimis proceso dalis. Analizuojant Žemaitės, Gabrielės Petkevičaitės-Bitės, Šatrijos Raganos, Onos Pleirytės-Puidienės Vaidilutės ir Sofijos Kymantaitės-Čiurlionienės kūrybą siekiama išsiaiškinti, kaip rašydamos moterys įsteigia ir įtvirtina save kaip kalbantįjį viešumos subjektą. Nuodugniai nagrinėjant moterų kūrinius, daugiausia – pirminius variantus, dienoraščius, laiškus, atsiminimus, stebima, kaip rašančiosios patyrė savąjį socialumą, ryškinama, kaip moterų savivoka buvo veikiama sociokultūrinių asmens / moters apibrėžčių. Moters tapatybės struktūriniai pokyčiai tyrinėjami sutankintame sociokultūriniame kontekste, apžvelgiant ir pristatant daugybę viešojoje erdvėje cirkuliavusių moterų tekstų, padedančių įsivaizduoti vykusio proceso daugialypiškumą ir kompleksiškumą. Disertacijoje pristatoma nemažai XIX a. pabaigos–XX a. pradžios moterų publicistikos ir grožinės kūrybos tekstų, kurie iki šiol nebuvo patekę į tyrinėjimų akiratį. / Ramunė Bleizgienė‘s dissertaiton Female Identity Problem in Lithuanian Women’s Creative Writing in the Late 19th – Early 20th Century analyses identity as a result of an interaction between a person and his/her socio-cultural context, by raising a question how the development of modern Lithuanian society influenced the forms of female identity. A heterogeneous methodological perspective introduces a shift in female identity as an inseparable part of the process of women becoming public individuals. The exploration of creative texts by Žemaitė, Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė, Šatrijos Ragana, Ona Pleirytės-Puidienė Vaidilutė and Sofija Kymantaitė-Čiurlionienė reveals how the writing women bring up and establish themselves as a speaking public subject. A thorough analysis of women’s writing, their diaries, letters, and memoirs reveals the ways in which the writing women experience their sociability, and emphasizes the impact that socio-cultural definitions of an individual/woman made on women’s self-perception. Structural changes in female identity undergo analysis in a condensed socio-cultural context with a review and a presentation of many texts by female authors that were circulating in public space, which gives a view of the multiple nature and complexity of the process. The study presents a lot of journalistic and fiction texts that were written in the late 19th – early 20th century, but were not in the scope of analysis up to the present moment.

Between 1740 and 1770, a number of women writers choose to make explicit in their printed texts their collaboration with a ‘familiar’: a family member or close friend. In so doing, they strategically enact their personal relationships through the medium of print in order to claim for themselves a level of literary power and delineate the terms on which they entered the marketplace as authors. This thesis argues that familiar relations expressed along a horizontal axis – those of husband, wife, brother, sister and friend – offer a relatively flexible model of familiar relations in which women could acquire a level of agency in self-definition, supported by ideologies that valued women’s contribution to the polite sphere of sociable conversation. It demonstrates that Elizabeth Griffith, Sarah Fielding, Jane Collier, and Susannah and Margaret Minifie not only engage in collaborative literary production that is thoroughly inflected with the pressures of their historical context but that through familiar collaboration women writers display their professional authorial personae and generate social and literary criticism. Through close readings of carefully selected collaborative texts in the corpus of each writer, including the material history of the texts themselves, and the relationships expressed through those texts, this thesis highlights the complexity with which family relations interacted with print culture in the period. Far from using the familiar relation as a means of modestly retiring to the domestic sphere these women writers used their familiar relations as a basis from which to launch, describe and defend their authorial careers.

Thomas Coryate (1577?-1617), the writer, traveler and social climber, embraced various media in order to achieve social gains. This thesis surveys the content and materiality of writings by and about Coryate to investigate the nature of his sociability. The study begins by drawing on John Hoskyns’ (1566–1638) poem, “Convivium philosophicum,” to explore how Coryate used oral and social performance to create a unique form of sociability through which mockery is transmuted into praise. This thesis then addresses how Coryate’s sociability factored into the conflation of aspects of manuscript and print media in the production of the “Panegyricke Verses” that were published with Coryate’s travel narrative, Coryats Crudities (1611). Finally, it gauges the success of Coryate’s social maneuvering by analyzing Coryate’s follow up to his travel narrative, Coryats Crambe (1611) and an anonymously pirated version of the “Panegyricke Verses,” The Odcombian Banqvet (1611).

Nowadays, the impact of technological growth‏ ‏on people’s life and our society is remarkable, ‎inevitable and also worrying. The excessive influence of technology in ‎individuals’ lives has caused our community to change towards more privatisation and ‎secluded life. At this point, the role of urban public spaces in social life has become more ‎prominent and significant. Issues of social life in public spaces and the relations with creating a ‎vibrant and dynamic city has not been given too much attention in urban planning and design. ‎This thesis raises the question of considering public spaces and how urban public spaces ‎‎(especially squares) can encourage/persuade citizens ‎to increase social interaction‎. Initially, it describes a clear definition of public spaces and urban squares. Thereafter, the study addresses ‎effectual factors from the human perspective which can help to achieve the successful design of an ‎urban public square. The aim of the work is to comprehend how it might be possible to improve ‎social life and behaviour in public spaces (squares) and consequently to attain a framework in ‎order to design. Ultimately, a design is proposed for Fisktorget (Fish Square), which is one of most important public places in the Karlskrona city in Sweden. The proposed design is based on studies and analyses that have been done throughout this thesis.

Alors que la question du « vivre ensemble » demeure dans le débat public de la société française, cette thèse retrace la formation en région bordelaise des sociabilités corporelles et sportives des immigrés africains subsahariens en période post-coloniale. Ces dernières connaissent une dynamique effective au fil du temps. Si la décennie des années 1960 reste relativement atone en la matière, dès les années 1970, se constituent plusieurs types de sociabilités fondées sur une pluralité de frontières ethno-nationales, nationales, ethniques et générationnelles. Les différents projets migratoires relatifs aux diverses vagues et types d’immigrations, associés à l’influence des liens transnationaux entre les pays d’émigration et la France expliquent prioritairement cette configuration historique. Ce résultat de recherche vient enrichir l’historiographie française de l’objet étudié. Il montre que des logiques communautaires impriment leurs marques aux pratiques corporelles et sportives à l’exception de la descendance qui tend à s’en extraire et atteste que la relation « sport et immigration » n’est en rien linéaire, mais soumise à la complexité des flux migratoires contemporains et à l’implantation durable des populations en présence. / While the question of "living together" is still a central issue in French society, this thesis recounts the creation in the Bordeaux region of social and professional sporting activities among sub-Saharan African immigrants in the post-colonial period. The dynamic of this activity has changed over time. While the 1960s were a relatively quiet period in this respect, several types of sociability based on many ethno-national, national, ethnic and generational interfaces have come to exist since the 1970s. The various projects for immigration associated with several types of immigration waves, together with the influence of transnational links between countries from which the immigrants came and France, primarily explain this historical trend. This research project adds to the French historiography of the subject under study. It shows that the logic of the community has a strong impact on sports and physical practices, with the exception of the descendants of the immigrants who tend to shun this tendency. The findings show that that the relationship between sport andimmigration is by no means linear but is subject to the complexity of contemporary migration flows and to the sustainable settlement of the populations involved.

Au XVIIIe siècle, La Rochelle vit au rythme de son grand commerce colonial, né à la confluence du marché canadien, de la droiture avec les Antilles et de la traite négrière. Au sein de la ville atlantique, se démarque dès lors une élite tenant le haut du pavé : les négociants. Moteur de la croissance et de l’emploi, à la tête des plus grandes fortunes et propriétaires des plus beaux hôtels particuliers, ils forment un milieu socioprofessionnel ouvert et disposent d’un esprit de corps autour duquel se cristallisent une conscience et une culture partagées. Regroupés derrière leur chambre de commerce et valorisés par l’honorabilité de leur profession, les négociants réussissent sans mal à se positionner comme des figures incontournables de la société rochelaise, ayant une influence certaine sur la vie de la cité et pesant de tout leur poids face aux élites traditionnelles d’Ancien Régime.Les constats issus d’une pesée historiographique et bibliographique sont toutefois sans appel : si les travaux jusqu’ici menés sont majoritairement restés inféodés à l’étude des rouages de l’économie rochelaise, force est de constater que nous n’avons aucune vision d’ensemble du milieu négociant. Il y a là un vide scientifique certain qu’il est nécessaire de combler. En usant de protocoles et de questionnements plus mosaïques, cette thèse a pour ambition d’être la première étude socioculturelle vouée aux grands entrepreneurs du commerce rochelais. A l’appui de plus de dix mille documents d’époque mis en articulation, surgissent 738 négociants qui, au XVIIIe siècle, constituent l’âme et le cœur de La Rochelle. / In the 18th century, the pace of life in La Rochelle was dictated by the rhythm of its great colonial commerce, at the confluence of the canadian market, the direct route to the Caribbean and the slave trade. Within this atlantic town, an elite soon reached the top of the ladder : the merchants. Prime movers for economic growth and employment, owners of the greatest fortunes and most beautiful mansions, they formed an open socio-professional class with a group spirit centred on a common consciousness and shared culture. United behind their chamber of commerce and esteemed as a result of their honourable profession, the merchants easily established themselves as indispensable figures of Rochelais society, exerting a considerable influence on city life and bringing pressure to bear against the traditional elites of the Ancien Régime.However, any historiographical and bibliographical study of the subject reveals an inescapable fact : to date, the work undertaken has largely concentrated on the workings of the local economy, and there is no global overview of the merchant world. This scientific void needs to be filled. By using more varied methods and forms of inquiry, this thesis aims to be the first socio-cultural study of the great trading entrepreneurs of La Rochelle. Drawing on more than ten thousand documents from the time, 738 merchants stand out, who, in the eighteenth century, constituted the body and soul of La Rochelle.