Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cornell University, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [145]-151).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Sociology. Thesis / Dissertation ETD / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Texas, May, 2007. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Studien syftade till att ta reda på vad som kan skilja åt i ungdomarnas framtidstro utifrån deras födelseland. Forskning som handlar om ungdomars framtidsprioriteringar, vad gäller vidare studier, framtida arbete, viljan att bilda familj, flytten hemifrån, vikten av hög status och det psykiska välmåendet visar att förutsättningarna för utlandsfödda ungdomar ofta är sämre än för svenskfödda. I enkäten för den aktuella studien deltog 143 gymnasielever. Enkäten bestod av frågor som hanterade fem olika aspekter av framtidstro. Resultaten visade stöd för att ett tryggt arbete är signifikant viktigare för svenskfödda gymnasieelever än för utlandsfödda och att ett statusfyllt liv inte är lika viktigt för svenskfödda gymnasieelever jämfört med utlandsfödda. De övriga aspekterna i studien saknade signifikant samband. Utfallet kan anses positivt eftersom det antyder en tro på lika möjligheter, snarare än strukturell olikhet, i skola och samhälle.

Ce travail de recherche a pour objectif d’identifier le rôle du statut social sur l’adoption des buts d’accomplissement que poursuivent les étudiant-e-s lorsqu’ils-elles réalisent une tâche académique (Dweck, 1986 ; Nicholls, 1984), particulièrement dans un contexte où la sélection du système universitaire est présente (Darnon, Dompnier, Delmas, Pulfrey, & Butera, 2009).Une première série d’études (études 1 à 6) montre que les étudiant-e-s de bas statut social (ceux-celles dont aucun des deux parents n’a obtenu le baccalauréat) adoptent davantage de buts de performance-évitement (les buts renvoyant à la crainte d’échouer) que les étudiant-e-s de haut statut, particulièrement à un haut niveau de compétence académique (réelle ou perçue). Concernant les buts de performance-approche (les buts renvoyant au désir de se montrer plus compétent que les autres), aucune différence n’apparaît entre les étudiant-e-s de haut et bas statut auprès d’étudiant-e-s en psychologie. Néanmoins, dans une filière ou la sélection est particulièrement saillante (les études de médecine), les étudiant-e-s de haut statut adoptent davantage de buts de performance-approche que les étudiant-e-s de bas statut. Dans les études suivantes (études 7 et 8), nous nous sommes intéressés au rôle joué par le contexte de sélection dans la relation entre statut et adoption des buts. Les résultats indiquent (1) que la fonction de sélection du système universitaire oriente les étudiant-e-s, quel que soit leur statut, vers l’adoption de buts de performance-approche, via l’utilité sociale qu’elle leur confère, et, (2) que l’interaction entre le statut et le niveau de compétence sur l’adoption des buts de performance-évitement, apparaît surtout dans un contexte de sélection.Enfin, la dernière étude (étude 9) teste les mêmes hypothèses dans un contexte où la comparaison temporelle (plutôt que la comparaison sociale) est saillante. Les résultats mettent en évidence que la compétition et le statut sont des prédicteurs des buts pertinents dans le contexte, les buts relatifs au soi (focaliser sur le fait de progresser) et non les buts de performance, non pertinents dans ce contexte.Dans l’ensemble, ces résultats confirment qu’au-delà de déterminants individuels, le statut social des étudiant-e-s peut influencer leur adoption de buts d’accomplissement, particulièrement dans un contexte de sélection. / The aim of the present research program is to identify the role of social status as an antecedent of the achievement goals that students pursue when facing an academic task (Dweck, 1986; Nicholls, 1984), in the selective context of University (Darnon, Dompnier, Delmas, Pulfrey, & Butera, 2009).The first series of studies (studies 1 to 6) documents that low-status students (students whose parents did not achieve the baccalauréat) endorse more performance-avoidance goals (try not to perform poorly) than high-status students, particularly at a high level of academic achievement (real or perceived). The studies also showed that high- and low-status Psychology students do not differ in their endorsement of performance-approach goals (trying to perform better than others). Nevertheless, a difference was observed in a more selective academic curriculum (Medical school), such that high-status students endorsed more performance-approach goals than low-status students. In the second series of studies (studies 7 and 8), we focus on how the selection context affects the relation between social status and the endorsement of achievement goals. Results show that (1) the selection function of university leads students - regardless to their social status - to endorse performance-approach goals via the social utility associated to these goals and that (2) the interaction between social status and academic achievement on performance-avoidance goal adoption appears mainly in a context of academic selection.The last study (study 9) seeks to test the same hypotheses in a context that makes salient temporal comparison (rather than social comparison). Results show that competition and status predict self-based goals, more relevant in this context, than performance-based goals.Together, these results confirm that, in addition to individual antecedents, students’ social status can influence achievement goal endorsement - especially in a context of selection.

O objetivo da presente tese foi investigar o efeito do nível de dificuldade do adversário nas respostas hormonais, comportamentais e de desempenho de jovens jogadores de basquetebol. Para tanto, 29 atletas de basquetebol do sexo masculino, das categorias sub-15, sub-16 e sub-17 de um mesmo clube (15,3 ± 1,1 anos; 85,5 ± 15,0 kg; 189,0 ± 7,9 cm) foram avaliados na primeira fase do Campeonato Paulista em três partidas com diferentes níveis de dificuldade do adversário (Difícil, Médio e Fácil) para cada uma das três categorias, somando um total de nove partidas. As concentrações salivares de cortisol (C) e testosterona (T) pré e pós-partida, a ansiedade pré-competitiva, o desempenho técnico através do número de envolvimentos técnico-táticos com bola de cada jogador, a percepção subjetiva de esforço da sessão (PSE da sessão) e o desempenho percebido, foram consideradas em cada partida. A comparação de T e C, e o desempenho técnico foi realizada com uma análise de modelos mistos de um (nível de dificuldade) ou dois fatores (nível de dificuldade e momento), com medidas repetidas. Por sua vez, a comparação das variáveis ansiedade pré-competitiva, PSE da sessão e desempenho percebido foi realizada pelo teste de Friedman, seguido do teste de Wilcoxon, quando necessário. Em ambas as análises foi utilizado o post hoc de Bonferroni. Além disso, a associação entre as repostas normalizadas pelo score Z da variação de T com o desempenho percebido e técnico foi verificada por meio da correlação de Pearson. Em todas as análises foi adotado o nível de significância de 5%. Foi verificado aumento de T do pré para o pós nas partidas contra adversários de nível de dificuldade Fácil (p = 0,0064) e Médio (p = 0,0375). A C pós-partida foi superior aos valores pré (p < 0,0001), independentemente do nível de dificuldade; e C no nível Fácil foi inferior ao nível Médio (p = 0,0351) e Difícil (p = 0,0035). A ansiedade cognitiva foi maior no nível Difícil em relação ao nível Fácil (p < 0.01). A ansiedade somática, por sua vez, foi maior no nível Difícil em relação aos níveis Fácil (p<0,001) e Médio (p = 0,01), e maior no nível Médio em relação ao nível Fácil (p = 0,004). A PSE da sessão foi maior no nível Difícil em relação aos níveis Fácil (p = 0,003) e Médio (p = 0,003). Não foi observado efeito do nível de dificuldade para autoconfiança (p = 0,118), desempenho técnico (p = 0,728) e desempenho percebido (p = 0,113). Além disso, não foi verificada correlação significante entre as variáveis desempenho técnico e percebido com a variação da concentração de T (r < 0,35 e p > 0,07 para todas as comparações). Os resultados da presente tese indicam que quanto maior o nível de dificuldade do adversário maior a ansiedade pré-competitiva e a PSE da sessão. A concentração de C aumentou independente do nível do adversário. Já a T aumentou nos jogos de menor dificuldade, mas não no jogo Difícil. Esse aumento da T não se correlacionou significativamente com o desempenho técnico ou percebido. Não houve influência do nível do adversário no desempenho técnico ou percebido / The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of the adversary difficulty level on hormonal and behavioral responses, technical performance and perceived performance in young basketball players. Thereunto, 29 male young basketball players, from under-15, under-16 and under-17 categories from the same club (15.3 ± 1.1 years, 85.5 ± 15.0 kg, 189.0 ± 7.9 cm) were evaluated in the first phase of the Paulista Championship in three matches with different opponent difficulty levels (Hard, Medium and Easy) for each of the three categories, totaling nine matches. Salivary concentrations of cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) pre and post-match, pre-competitive anxiety, technical performance through individual technical-tactical ball involvements, session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) and perceived performance were considered in each match. The comparisons of T and C, and technical performance were performed with a mixed model analysis with one (difficulty level) or two factors (difficulty level and moment), with repeated measures. On the other hand, the comparisons of pre-competitive anxiety, session-RPE and perceived performance were performed by the Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon test, when it was necessary. In both analyses, Bonferroni post hoc was used. Moreover, the association between the responses normalized by the Z score of T variation with the perceived and technical performance was verified through the Pearson correlation. A significance level of 5% was adopted for all analyzes. It was verified an increase in T from pre- to post-match against Easy (p = 0,0064) and Medium (p = 0,0375) opponent levels. C level increased from pre- to post-match, regardless of the difficulty level; and C in the Easy level was lower than the Medium (p = 0.0351) and Hard (p = 0.0035) difficulty levels. Cognitive anxiety was higher in the Hard level compared to the Easy one (p <0.01). Somatic anxiety, on the other hand, was higher in the Hard level compared to the Easy (p <0.001) and Medium (p = 0.01) levels and was higher in the Medium level compared to the Easy one (p = 0.004). Session-RPE was higher in the Hard level compared to the Easy (p = 0.003) and Medium (p = 0.003) levels. No effect of difficulty level for self-confidence (p = 0.118), technical performance (p = 0.728) and perceived performance (p = 0.113) was observed. In addition, no significant correlation was observed between the technical and perceived performance with T variation (r <0.35 and p> 0.07 for all comparisons). The results of this thesis indicate that the higher the opponent difficulty level, the greater the pre-competitive anxiety and the session-RPE. C increased independently of the opponent level. T increased in less difficult matches, but not in the Hard one. This increase in T did not correlate significantly with the technical or perceived performance. There was no influence of the opponent\'s level on technical or perceived performance

Orientador: Heloisa Andre Pontes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T05:41:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_DanielaScridelli_D.pdf: 4002084 bytes, checksum: 388dea417d834eed9f7ae53c20f4cb79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Ao partir da percepção de um imaginário social que associa a etiqueta e a decoração à "coisa de dondoca", "coisa de rico" e "coisa de mulher" consolidou-se como um veio fértil a busca por compreensões que evidenciassem outros sentidos e olhares sobre o universo do "refinamento". Assim, esta tese teve como primeira frente de reflexão os manuais de etiqueta e de decoração, as revistas especializadas em decoração e os programas televisivos a fim de compreender a constituição de um repertório cultural utilizado por consultores e pelo público interessado na legitimidade da experiência do "refinamento". No entanto, com a observação participante nos cursos sobre esses temas, o segundo aporte de pesquisa, vistos, especialmente, como searas femininas, outros significados atravessados por diferenças de classe, raça e sexualidade emergiram. Nesse sentido, ao me debruçar sobre as malhas do "refinamento", diferentes significados puderam vir à tona afastando visões essencializadoras sobre temas que poderiam, a princípio, ser considerados "menores" / Abstract: Giving the perception of social imaginaries that thinks of etiquette and decoration as a "thing of riches", a "thing of women" and a "thing of high class rich women who are vain and idle", the search for an understanding of other meanings and views on the universe of "refinement" consolidates itself as a fertile thread to be explored. Thus, the present thesis has as its first front of thinking the etiquette and decoration manuals, the magazines specialized in decoration and the television shows, in order to understand the constitution of a cultural repertoire used by consultants and by the public interested in the legitimacy of the "refinement" experiment. Notwithstanding, with the records of the author's participant observation taken in etiquette and decoration classes, meant as a second contribution for the present thesis, which were seen, especially, as feminine fields of activity, other meanings crossed by class, race, and sexuality differences emerged. In this sense, while the investigation of the meshes of "refinement" was conducted, different meanings could emerge, which stood off from essentializing visions on subjects that could, at first, be considered "minor" subjects / Doutorado / Antropologia / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

Vad arbetar du med?Detta är bland de absolut första frågorna som ställs av de människorna som vi möter påkrogen, i affären eller på stan. Vid alla möten, vid alla våra iakttagelser som vi gör avmänniskan som kanske går förbi eller som vi får möjligheten att hälsa på, sker enidentifikation. Vi försöker placera alla vi möter i olika fack för att återskapa en känsla avtrygghet och kontroll. Det finns två olika fack som vi alla placeras i: social status och klass.Dessa fack placeras vi i baserat på hur vi klär oss, hur vi rör oss, på våra fritidsintressen, påhur mycket pengar vi spenderar på krogen eller på vilka varor som vi handlar i affären.Denna studie handlar om företeelserna social status och klass. Finns dessa företeelser idagens Sverige och i så fall i vilken utsträckning blir vi påverkade av dessa? Resultatet istudien visar på att vi alla blir påverkade och har möjligheten att både skaffa oss en högrestatus och göra en klassresa, åt båda hållen, både åka upp eller åka ner i de olikahierarkierna. Status och klass är två begrepp som påverkar oss och går att spåra i alla våralivsutrymmen.

Cote d’Ivoire is a country located in West Africa, which is coming out from decades of political and military crises (2002-2011). The country is now coping with its phase of postconflict reconstruction and economic development. One of the important aspects of this phase is the socio-economic reintegration of former combatants who took part in the different conflicts. For this reason the aim of this study was to explore the socio-economic reintegration of former combatants in Cote d’Ivoire. Taking the aim of this study into consideration, the primary objectives were to first look at the situation of the socioeconomic reintegration of former combatants in Cote d’Ivoire and secondly to identify challenges affecting the socio-economic reintegration process.