The master’s thesis focuses on a theme of burnout syndrome in a non-profit sector. The theoretical part deals with motivation, work performance and a description of a non-profit organization. This part also describes the burnout syndrom, its processes and burnout prevention in connection with a non-profit organization. The practical part deals with the occurence of burnout syndrome in a selected non-profit organization. I also focus on the analysis of motivation and work performance relating the burnout syndrome. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the burnout syndrome occurence in the particular organization and create maasures to eliminate the burnout. ¨.

Background:  In recent years, the Swedish furniture industry has recorded many significant successes and increased its influence in the world furniture market with a high proportion of products being used for export purposes and the intensifying popularity of Sweden-originated furniture brands. Among these, IKEA is the most renowned company. Currently, the company plans to grow further in South-East Asia (IKEA, n.d) and Vietnam is a potential market for this expansion due to the shortage of furniture supply in the domestic market. However, nothing can assure that IKEA’s overall success in the oversea market would simplify their way of penetrating the Asia market. Learning from the past, the company has faced many failures in different markets such as China, Japan, and India. Considering this, the authors of this paper believe that it is important to understand how Swedish furniture companies’ product values, IKEA in particular, could affect customer consumption values, which significantly shape their perception. Based on this, the company can better in making predictions on their market penetration, thereby minimizing risks or unprofitable investments.  Purpose:  The purpose of this paper is to understand whether IKEA’s product values have a significant effect on Vietnamese furniture consumption values and shape their perception or not. Therefore, the thesis will be drawn on the question of “What are the potential preferences that make Swedish furniture attract Vietnamese consumers? – IKEA as a case study”. Method:  This paper is based on the quantitative research method with a positivistic paradigm. A survey was conducted for collecting primary data with a sample size of 200 Vietnamese furniture consumers. The collected data were analysed using the SPSS Statistics 28 software.  Conclusion:  The results showed that Swedish furniture firms like IKEA obviously could receive potential growth in Vietnam since all of IKEA’s product values are tested to have positive effects on Vietnamese consumption value, which have a strong correlation with their buying perception. This paper can be used as a premise for further research on customer perceived values when IKEA’s products are officially experienced by Vietnamese consumers.

This doctoral study examines whether MFIs in Ethiopia have developed the managerial readiness to face emerging threats and seize the opportunities within the context of unpredictable changes and turbulences. The interpretative phenomenological approach (IPA) has been used to collect, shape, and interpret the lived experiences, intuitions, and insights of 10 CEOs of MFIs. The data were interpreted using the double hermeneutic and analysed through the lenses of the theory of organisational agility and the Cynefin framework to make decisions. The premise of this study is that MFIs without agile organisational capability may fail to prepare and respond to changes in the external environment. The study results show multiple impediments that restrict MFIs from being adaptive towards achieving double bottom lines, i.e., the creation of social and financial value. MFIs in Ethiopia suffer from “pain points” such as inflation, illiquidity, and turbulences. The challenges include: the weak governance practice of nominal shareholders, outdated decision-making processes causing delays, staff turnover reducing enterprising capacity, and MFIs lacking sufficient digital and technological infrastructure. The study found most MFIs are incapable of responding quickly and innovatively to seize opportunities or to overcome adversities. The conclusion is that MFIs in Ethiopia have inadequate agile organisational capability to make strategic choices and execute operational processes during multiple and complex changes. The findings of the research are important, and pertinent for a better understanding of the organisational agility of social enterprises. The study has provided five recommendations to enhance policies and practical actions to build the agile organisational capabilities of social enterprises.

No description available.

Funding strategy has often been the determinant factor in the level of success for social entrepreneurships. The strategy could be a preference for internally generated revenue, externally generated revenue or a combination of the two. Interestingly, scarcity of resources has always been ‘a clog in the wheel’ of meaningful execution of projects irrespective of the funding model a social entrepreneur chooses. Through a review of existing literatures, this paper weighs the implications of choosing either externally generated revenue or internally generated revenue; specifically contextualizing the study to US. More so, it attempts to find out which of the two models would ensure optimum productivity, given that scarcity of resources would hamper the chances of effectively running the two models simultaneously. To arrive at a ‘plausible’ response, principles of resource valuation become vital in determining the costs and benefits associated with each model of funding. Consequently, the findings show that though both internally and externally generated revenue are sine qua non to an effective and efficient production of social values, internally generated revenue ensures better optimum production than externally generated revenue.

對於企業或非營利組織而言，創造經濟價值亦或社會價值，不僅不再有壁壘分明的責任歸屬，兩迥異型態的組織能緊密合作，或者透過一新型態組織予以連結，皆有助於促進經濟層面與社會層面兼備的價值產出成果。然而，經濟與社會一向被認為必須有所取捨，在創造價值的過程中又能如何共存？ 　　回顧論及「企業之於社會價值」及「非營利組織之於經濟價值」相關文獻，發現其探討多源於以機構為核心的價值創造思考；然而，價值創造理論已然發展至共創（Value Cocreation，即以個人為核心的創價思考），當更多人有能力參與組織創價過程時，組織的價值創造又將如何發展？ 　　於價值共創架構下，能創造更大經濟價值已被廣為驗證，機構如與個人共創解決社會問題，亦能創造社會價值。本研究透過個人為中心的價值共創架構，以孟加拉葛拉敏銀行（Grameen Bank）為例，試圖詮釋選定個案與共創架構的對應關係，藉以觀察葛拉敏銀行與借款人參與經濟價值與社會價值的創造脈絡，尋求經濟價值、社會價值可同時發展，取得機構與個人共識之可行性研究。 經由本研究有以下發現： 1.以機構為核心的創價邏輯，是單向且簡化地揣測個人需求價值，以致於局限了創價來源的廣度與價值內涵的深度。 2.葛拉敏銀行不需獨斷地揣測客戶需求，客戶確實需要什麼，什麼價值對客戶有意義，全在不斷地互動過程中明確獲知、參與討論、進而共創。 3.信任基礎、小處著手、避免衝突、留給借款人介入空間、共同原則，皆有助於葛拉敏銀行與借款人之間互動品質的提升。 4.產品為主的經驗環境尚需隨著大環境的改變進行演進，在基礎建設匱乏的孟加拉，員工於經驗環境中的重要性更高。 5.以個人為中心與銀行、行員、純粹社群、及葛拉敏姐妹機構所構成的經驗網絡，能使個人自由選擇共創經驗，是謂未來葛拉敏銀行強力的競爭基礎。 6.葛拉敏銀行透過價值共創直接針對社會需求缺口提供服務。社會價值，是每一借款人與葛拉敏銀行共創價值的集合，社會價值的最大公約數是雙方共同的目標。 7.於價值共創架構中，葛拉敏銀行透過互動品質的追求、經驗環境的創新、與經驗網絡的建置，維持獲利。追求社會價值之餘，不需犧牲機構的經濟價值。

A Matemática tem despertado forte interesse quanto ao seu ensino nos diversos níveis, com farta quantidade de estudos que visam diagnosticar as causas que produzem os desvios na aquisição do conhecimento matemático. Esses diagnósticos e as propostas de solução abrangem, entre outros, conteúdos, métodos, relação professor-aluno e livros didáticos. Esses percursos de investigação têm a intenção de amenizar ou resolver os problemas do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem em Matemática. Essas pesquisas têm se concentrado no trabalho empírico das aplicações de atividades para grupos de professores e alunos ou na análise de aspectos pedagógico, metodológico e didático de conteúdos com discussões abordadas num determinado período de tempo. Em geral, a Matemática é apresentada fundamentada nos conteúdos e nos métodos de forma essencialmente fragmentada, reprodutiva e tecnicista, desprovida de uma abordagem das ideias fundamentais, de um tratamento como cultura geral, do valor humano e do valor social da matemática. Essa abordagem consolida a concepção de que a matemática, cada vez mais, se distancia do interesse coletivo como um domínio de especialistas. Contrariamente, a matemática tem se constituído numa das áreas do conhecimento mais valorizadas em todos os sistemas de ensino em todo o mundo, abrangendo os mais variados níveis de escolarização e de formação. Essa supervalorização curricular da matemática comprova a importância deste campo do conhecimento que deve despertar e ser de interesse geral para todo cidadão. Enfrentamos uma contradição significativa, pois no nível do senso comum a matemática constitui-se num domínio de especialistas para poucos, enquanto nas políticas educacionais existe uma valorização curricular para todos, por sua presença nos diversos níveis de escolaridade. É fato que as pessoas matemáticos ou não-matemáticos necessitam das suas ideias fundamentais para o seu convívio cotidiano pessoal e profissional. É imprescindível encontrarmos uma maneira de pensar sobre a Matemática que possibilite a amenização significativa ou a eliminação desta profunda distorção existente em nosso sistema educacional a Matemática para poucos e a Matemática para todos. A negação dessa contradição e da antiga fragilidade quanto ao ensino e à aprendizagem da Matemática torna-se uma oportunidade para propormos uma concepção alternativa para melhorar a qualidade da sua apresentação, discussão, compreensão e utilização no cotidiano. Portanto, a inspiração na obra de Bento de Jesus Caraça na editada com especial atenção no livro Conceitos Fundamentais da Matemática, e na inédita constante do seu espólio cultural e intelectual arquivada em Portugal , por meio de uma organização sistematizada dessa produção, constitui-se numa trajetória que poderá subsidiar uma proposta de ensino e de aprendizagem de Matemática embasada nas ideias/conceitos fundamentais como importantes elementos da cultura geral, enfocando o valor humano e o valor social da matemática, em alternativa à sua questionada abordagem fragmentada, reprodutiva e tecnicista. / Mathematics has aroused strong interest in its teaching at different levels, with extensive number of studies aimed at diagnosing the causes that produce deviations in the acquisition of mathematical knowledge. Diagnoses and proposed solutions include, among others, content, methods, student-teacher ratio and textbooks. These research routes are intended to alleviate or solve the problems of the teaching and learning process in mathematics. These studies have focused on the empirical work of the applications activities for groups of teachers and students or analysis of pedagogical, didactic and methodological aspects of contents with discussions contained in a given period of time. In general, mathematics appears grounded in contents and methods with essentially fragmented, reproductive and technicist approach, which is devoid of the fundamental ideas of a treatment as a general culture, human value and social value of mathematics. This approach reinforces the idea that mathematics, increasingly moves away from the collective interest - domain experts. In contrast, mathematics has constituted one of the most valued areas of knowledge in all education systems around the world, including the most varied levels of education and training. This curriculum overvaluation of mathematics proves the importance of this field of knowledge that should awaken and be of general interest to all citizens. We face significant contradiction, since the population has the common sense that mathematics constitutes a domain expert - for the few, while the educational policies point out the curriculum enhancement - for everyone, for his or her presence at various levels of schooling. It is a fact that people - mathematicians and non- mathematicians - need the basic ideas for their everyday living - personal and professional. It is essential to find a way of thinking about mathematics that enables significant amelioration or elimination of this profound distortion existing in our educational system - Mathematics for the few and Mathematics for all. The denial of this contradiction and the former fragility as the teaching and learning of mathematics becomes an opportunity for proposing an alternative design to improve the quality of its presentation, discussion, understanding and use in everyday life. So the inspiration in the works of Bento de Jesus Caraça - edited with special attention to the book \"Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics\", and included in its unprecedented cultural and intellectual estate filed in Portugal - through a systematic organization of this production it is a path that can support a teaching and learning of mathematics grounded in fundamental ideas/concepts as important elements of the overall culture, focusing on the human value and social value of mathematics, instead of this being questioned in a fragmented, reproductive and technicist approach.

A Matemática tem despertado forte interesse quanto ao seu ensino nos diversos níveis, com farta quantidade de estudos que visam diagnosticar as causas que produzem os desvios na aquisição do conhecimento matemático. Esses diagnósticos e as propostas de solução abrangem, entre outros, conteúdos, métodos, relação professor-aluno e livros didáticos. Esses percursos de investigação têm a intenção de amenizar ou resolver os problemas do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem em Matemática. Essas pesquisas têm se concentrado no trabalho empírico das aplicações de atividades para grupos de professores e alunos ou na análise de aspectos pedagógico, metodológico e didático de conteúdos com discussões abordadas num determinado período de tempo. Em geral, a Matemática é apresentada fundamentada nos conteúdos e nos métodos de forma essencialmente fragmentada, reprodutiva e tecnicista, desprovida de uma abordagem das ideias fundamentais, de um tratamento como cultura geral, do valor humano e do valor social da matemática. Essa abordagem consolida a concepção de que a matemática, cada vez mais, se distancia do interesse coletivo como um domínio de especialistas. Contrariamente, a matemática tem se constituído numa das áreas do conhecimento mais valorizadas em todos os sistemas de ensino em todo o mundo, abrangendo os mais variados níveis de escolarização e de formação. Essa supervalorização curricular da matemática comprova a importância deste campo do conhecimento que deve despertar e ser de interesse geral para todo cidadão. Enfrentamos uma contradição significativa, pois no nível do senso comum a matemática constitui-se num domínio de especialistas para poucos, enquanto nas políticas educacionais existe uma valorização curricular para todos, por sua presença nos diversos níveis de escolaridade. É fato que as pessoas matemáticos ou não-matemáticos necessitam das suas ideias fundamentais para o seu convívio cotidiano pessoal e profissional. É imprescindível encontrarmos uma maneira de pensar sobre a Matemática que possibilite a amenização significativa ou a eliminação desta profunda distorção existente em nosso sistema educacional a Matemática para poucos e a Matemática para todos. A negação dessa contradição e da antiga fragilidade quanto ao ensino e à aprendizagem da Matemática torna-se uma oportunidade para propormos uma concepção alternativa para melhorar a qualidade da sua apresentação, discussão, compreensão e utilização no cotidiano. Portanto, a inspiração na obra de Bento de Jesus Caraça na editada com especial atenção no livro Conceitos Fundamentais da Matemática, e na inédita constante do seu espólio cultural e intelectual arquivada em Portugal , por meio de uma organização sistematizada dessa produção, constitui-se numa trajetória que poderá subsidiar uma proposta de ensino e de aprendizagem de Matemática embasada nas ideias/conceitos fundamentais como importantes elementos da cultura geral, enfocando o valor humano e o valor social da matemática, em alternativa à sua questionada abordagem fragmentada, reprodutiva e tecnicista. / Mathematics has aroused strong interest in its teaching at different levels, with extensive number of studies aimed at diagnosing the causes that produce deviations in the acquisition of mathematical knowledge. Diagnoses and proposed solutions include, among others, content, methods, student-teacher ratio and textbooks. These research routes are intended to alleviate or solve the problems of the teaching and learning process in mathematics. These studies have focused on the empirical work of the applications activities for groups of teachers and students or analysis of pedagogical, didactic and methodological aspects of contents with discussions contained in a given period of time. In general, mathematics appears grounded in contents and methods with essentially fragmented, reproductive and technicist approach, which is devoid of the fundamental ideas of a treatment as a general culture, human value and social value of mathematics. This approach reinforces the idea that mathematics, increasingly moves away from the collective interest - domain experts. In contrast, mathematics has constituted one of the most valued areas of knowledge in all education systems around the world, including the most varied levels of education and training. This curriculum overvaluation of mathematics proves the importance of this field of knowledge that should awaken and be of general interest to all citizens. We face significant contradiction, since the population has the common sense that mathematics constitutes a domain expert - for the few, while the educational policies point out the curriculum enhancement - for everyone, for his or her presence at various levels of schooling. It is a fact that people - mathematicians and non- mathematicians - need the basic ideas for their everyday living - personal and professional. It is essential to find a way of thinking about mathematics that enables significant amelioration or elimination of this profound distortion existing in our educational system - Mathematics for the few and Mathematics for all. The denial of this contradiction and the former fragility as the teaching and learning of mathematics becomes an opportunity for proposing an alternative design to improve the quality of its presentation, discussion, understanding and use in everyday life. So the inspiration in the works of Bento de Jesus Caraça - edited with special attention to the book \"Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics\", and included in its unprecedented cultural and intellectual estate filed in Portugal - through a systematic organization of this production it is a path that can support a teaching and learning of mathematics grounded in fundamental ideas/concepts as important elements of the overall culture, focusing on the human value and social value of mathematics, instead of this being questioned in a fragmented, reproductive and technicist approach.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Carolina Gazso Righetti.pdf: 1908386 bytes, checksum: 9e9b7959279bfb8a61a8ed97c5f703b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-30 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This paper aims to analyze the effects of the social value orientation and the social interdependence on the Budgetary slack. Budgetary slack is a subject very studied by international researchers as a dysfunctional budget problem, however until now, with no clear conclusion about your causes. Assuming that this subject impacts organization process of planning, results and competitiveness, this paper intend to contribute to budgetary slack knowledge based on social theories of social value and interdependence and slack theory, originated in the economics, most specifically, in the agency theory. It was applied a questionnaire, a budget experiment and an instrument to measure social value orientation among 41 leaders oh Tower International Company. According to statistic analysis, it was not possible to validate the hypothesis of this research, but considering the theories used on that, It is clear that there is a vast potential on the search of best practices in the management accounting area. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos da orientação de valor social e da interdependência social sobre a formação de folga orçamentária. A folga orçamentária é um tema largamente estudado por pesquisadores internacionais como fenômeno disfuncional do processo orçamentário, mas ainda não há uma conclusão clara a respeito de suas causas. Entendendo-se que esse tema influencia o processo de planejamento, os resultados e a competitividade das organizações, busca-se, neste trabalho, aprofundar os conhecimentos acerca do assunto, tendo como base as teorias sociais de valor, de interdependência e a teoria de folga orçamentária enraizada na teoria econômica da agência. Para tanto, foram aplicados um questionário, um experimento orçamentário e um instrumento para definição da orientação de valor social entre 41 gestores da empresa Tower International. De acordo com as análises estatísticas, não foi possível validar as hipóteses desta pesquisa, mas, considerando-se as teorias que nortearam este trabalho, pode-se concluir que há um vasto potencial na busca de melhores práticas na área de contabilidade gerencial.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Carolina Gazso Righetti.pdf: 1931666 bytes, checksum: 25c44d91bd44ee8051f145cf285eab59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-30 / This paper aims to analyze the effects of the social value orientation and the social interdependence on the Budgetary slack. Budgetary slack is a subject very studied by international researchers as a dysfunctional budget problem, however until now, with no clear conclusion about your causes. Assuming that this subject impacts organization process of planning, results and competitiveness, this paper intend to contribute to budgetary slack knowledge based on social theories of social value and interdependence and slack theory, originated in the economics, most specifically, in the agency theory. It was applied a questionnaire, a budget experiment and an instrument to measure social value orientation among 41 leaders oh Tower International Company. According to statistic analysis, it was not possible to validate the hypothesis of this research, but considering the theories used on that, It is clear that there is a vast potential on the search of best practices in the management accounting area. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos da orientação de valor social e da interdependência social sobre a formação de folga orçamentária. A folga orçamentária é um tema largamente estudado por pesquisadores internacionais como fenômeno disfuncional do processo orçamentário, mas ainda não há uma conclusão clara a respeito de suas causas. Entendendo-se que esse tema influencia o processo de planejamento, os resultados e a competitividade das organizações, busca-se, neste trabalho, aprofundar os conhecimentos acerca do assunto, tendo como base as teorias sociais de valor, de interdependência e a teoria de folga orçamentária enraizada na teoria econômica da agência. Para tanto, foram aplicados um questionário, um experimento orçamentário e um instrumento para definição da orientação de valor social entre 41 gestores da empresa Tower International. De acordo com as análises estatísticas, não foi possível validar as hipóteses desta pesquisa, mas, considerando-se as teorias que nortearam este trabalho, pode-se concluir que há um vasto potencial na busca de melhores práticas na área de contabilidade gerencial.