Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:43:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 629996 bytes, checksum: 167a8e9674df432917d1d3de72303843 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Sign language (SL) is a language of visual-gestural modality system independent of oral languages. By its character of natural language, like oral languages, is influenced by external factors and undergoes changes in its various linguistic levels (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics). This work focuses on the variation (based on Labov s assumptions) at the phonological level of LIBRAS, considering its parameters of handshape, location, movement and orientation of the hand. The aim of this thesis is to describe the phonological variation of LIBRAS in deaf communities in the state of Paraíba. The observational, descriptive and transversal study was conducted in two deaf education institutions, with the participation of 16 deaf people from the cities of João Pessoa and Campina Grande/PB, socially stratified according to age, sex and geographic region. The subjects were asked to do the sign of 60 words written in Portuguese individually in a notebook. Phonological parameters of LIBRAS were analyzed quantitatively in relation to the variables complexity of the sign, quantity of hands and location and, in a qualitative way, it was described the variation in the signs used in the research. Among the main results, it was found that the older deaf tend to use more one-handed signs compared to younger people and deaf people of João Pessoa tend to perform more upper signs, while that from Campina Grande tend to perform more lower signs. We conclude that variation exists in phonological parameters of handshape, movement, location and orientation of the hand of LIBRAS held in the state of Paraíba, related to age and region where the deaf lies. No change was found in relation to sex. It promotes further evidence that linguistic variation is characteristic of all natural languages, regardless of the modality in which it is expressed. Moreover, just as in spoken languages, the change of LIBRAS is shown non-random but conditioned by social factors. / A língua de sinais (LS) é uma língua de modalidade viso-gestual independente do sistema de línguas orais. Pelo seu caráter de língua natural, assim como as línguas orais, é influenciada por fatores externos e sofre variação nos seus vários níveis linguísticos (fonologia, morfologia, sintaxe, semântica e pragmática). Este trabalho foca a variação (baseada nos pressupostos labovianos) no nível fonológico da LIBRAS, considerando seus parâmetros de configuração de mão, localização, movimento e orientação da palma da mão. Assim sendo, o objetivo desta tese é descrever a variação fonológica da LIBRAS realizada por comunidades surdas do Estado da Paraíba. O estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal foi realizado em duas instituições de educação de surdos, com a participação de 16 surdos das cidades de João Pessoa/PB e Campina Grande/PB, estratificados socialmente em função da idade, sexo e região geográfica. Os sujeitos foram solicitados a realizar os sinais de 60 palavras escritas em português individualmente em um notebook. Os parâmetros fonológicos da LIBRAS foram analisados de forma quantitativa em relação às variáveis complexidade do sinal, quantidade de mãos e localização e, de forma qualitativa, foi realizada a descrição da variação verificada nos sinais utilizados na pesquisa. Entre os principais resultados, verificou-se que os surdos mais velhos tendem a usar mais sinais unimanuais em relação aos mais jovens e que os surdos de João Pessoa tendem a realizar mais sinais superiores, enquanto que os de Campina Grande tendem a realizar mais sinais inferiores. Conclui-se que existe variação nos parâmetros fonológicos de configuração de mão, localização, movimento e orientação da palma da mão da LIBRAS realizada no estado da Paraíba, relacionadas à idade e à região onde o surdo reside. Não se verificou variação em relação ao sexo. Isto promove uma evidência adicional de que a variação linguística é característica de todas as línguas naturais, independentemente da modalidade em que é expressa. Além disso, assim como nas línguas orais, a variação das línguas de sinais se mostra não-aleatória, mas condicionada por fatores sociais.

Este estudo procura saber se as formas de integração e de socialização dos migrantes dependem ou não da linguagem no uso de variantes linguísticas e de aspectos socioculturais, remetendo à contribuição sociolinguística para analisar como essa integração se faz, observando as noções de obstáculos e de preconceitos. O objetivo geral consiste em analisar os processos de integração social e linguística, baseados nos usos linguísticos e nos processos de interação social, dos migrantes. O corpus é constituído por entrevistas narrativas, as quais proporcionam a discussão através dos dados obtidos. Assim, emergem as diferenças e as assimilações de linguagem entre os migrados e a população local. A pesquisa utiliza o método analítico, isto é, analisa conceitos gerais e informações alcançadas com as entrevistas. Os dados mostram que as dificuldades de integração ocorrem tanto por problemas de linguagem quanto por problemas de ordem cultural e social. Este estudo revela que a interação social deveria se efetiva mediante sensibilidade sociolinguística entre migrados e habitantes locais. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-28T17:00:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Caroline de Morais.pdf: 946187 bytes, checksum: ed9612de20fb472f3cb9ce12fd54ff3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-28T17:00:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Caroline de Morais.pdf: 946187 bytes, checksum: ed9612de20fb472f3cb9ce12fd54ff3a (MD5) / This study is researching whether the forms of integration and socialization of migrants depend or not on the language in the use of linguistic variations and socio cultural aspects, referring to the sociolinguistic contribution to analyze how this integration takes place, observing the obstacle and prejudice notions. The general objective consists of analyzing the processes of social and linguistic integration based on the linguistic use and social interaction processes of the migrants. The corpus consists of narrative interviews, which proportion the argument through the data obtained. This way, emerge the differences and the assimilation of the language between the migrants and the local population. The research uses the analytical method which is analysis of the general concepts and information obtained from the interviews. The data shows that the integration difficulties occur not only because of language problems but also due to cultural and social problems. This study reveals that social interaction is realized through sociolinguistic sensibility among migrants and local inhabitants.

Thesis (MEd (Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / Language is foundational to issues of belonging in contemporary South Africa. The country’s colonial and apartheid history facilitated the differential development and privileging of particular languages alongside the project of racial capitalism (Alexander, 1989). Educational arrangements were affected by these developments because of how black South Africans were economically and socially limited by rudimentary exposure to the primary languages of access (English and Afrikaans). This study argues that this history is what currently influences the movement of black South Africans into the schools they were historically excluded from in former coloured, Indian and white areas, and further that this movement is also encouraged by the promise of greater access to and development in the English language (Fataar, 2015). It suggests that the persisting status of English as lingua franca across state, educational and cultural communications and products requires teaching that is sensitive to the historical relationship of the language to the underdevelopment and undervaluation of local linguistic forms. Moreover, the subject English and its embedded values and norms (included in the compulsory texts and textbook) is a critical area of enquiry for thinking through issues of social cohesion and belonging. Through case studies of three Cape Town teachers, this study argues that a range of influences affect how language and meaning are constructed in English classrooms, and that learners experience these influences to their own identities in different and often conflicting ways.

Orientador: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck / Banca: Sônia Maria Lazzarini Cyrino / Banca: Marymárcia Guedes / Resumo: Estudo desenvolvido sob a ótica sincrônica, alicerçado nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Sociolingüística Variacionista, em que se propõe investigar as estratégias de realização do objeto direto no português brasileiro (PB) culto falado. Objetiva-se com essa investigação verificar se as estratégias de realização do fenômeno variável em questão obedece ao mesmo processo nas três pessoas gramaticais e se essas estratégias podem ser entendidas como uma extensão do que se nota na variedade popular. A fim de se buscarem dados empíricos para a constituição do corpus deste estudo, bem como de um retrato o mais abrangente possível do que se costuma denominar PB, utilizou-se da amostr representativa do português brasileiro culto falado denominada Projeto NURC, em sua modalidade DID - Diálogos entre Informante e Documentador. Dessa amostra, foram selecionados um total de 30 inquéritos, sendo 5 de cada capital compreendida pelo projeto: Posto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador e São Paulo. Os inquéritos foram, ainda, selecionados levando-se em consideração os grupos de fatores extralingüísticos aqui analisados: sexo/gênero e faixa etária do informante. oda a investigação foi orientada pela hipótese central de que os fatores que influenciam a variação, tanto nas estratégias de realização do objeto direto como na proporção de uso de cada estratégia, não apresentam diferenças significativas se observado o uso feito pelos considerados falantes cultos da língua nas variedades aqui estudadas. / Abstract: This is a synchronic study founded on the theoretical assumptions and methodology of Variationist Sociolinguistics which investigates strategies for the instantiation of the direct object (DO) in spoken educated Brazilian Portuguese (BP). The investigation aims to establish whether the strategies for the sinstantiation of DO are the same in all three grammatical persons and whether these strategies may be understood as an extension of those employed in the informal variety of BP. The corpus used in the study consists of a representative sample of spoken educated BP, which has been selected from the NURC Project, more specifically from its Informant-Interviewer Dialogue (IID) section. From this sample, a total of 30 inquires have been selected, such that every five inquiries come from capital included in the Project, namely, Posto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador e São Paulo. Extra-linguistic factors such as informant's age and gender have also been considered in the selection and analysis of the inquiries. The investigation has ben guided by the main hypothesis that the factors which influence both the variation in the strategies for the instantiation of DO and the proportional use of each strategy are not significantly different, if one takes into consideration their use by educated speakers of the BP in the varieties analysed here. / Mestre

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação é a descrição de um trabalho cujo objetivo principal foi a criação de um site com materiais sobre o tema preconceito linguístico, visando a promover uma circulação do conhecimento científico entre diversas classes da sociedade não-acadêmica. Nossas primeiras motivações para a realização de um trabalho desse tipo se iniciaram após a polêmica ocorrida em 2011 sobre o livro didático que, segundo a mídia, ensinaria os alunos a falar errado. Essa situação demonstrou existir uma falta de diálogo entre academia e sociedade no que concerne a temas sociolinguísticos. Percebemos uma necessidade de se realizar uma divulgação científica que chegasse com sucesso à sociedade, de modo que as pessoas pudessem conhecer o assunto em questão e, ao menos, refletir sobre ele. Muito embora já existam trabalhos realizados por linguistas com essa intenção, como é o caso de Bagno (1997, 1999), Bortoni-Ricardo (2004, 2005) e Scherre (2005), estes ainda são limitados, por serem, em sua maioria, livros e artigos acadêmicos. Utilizando como base o princípio de indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão (MEC/SESu, 2006), buscamos, segundo o próprio princípio exige, unir a pesquisa científica resultante dos estudos sociolinguísticos à extensão - através da divulgação do tema para as pessoas de fora do meio acadêmico - e ao ensino, criando e compartilhando materiais que possam ser também utilizados em sala de aula. Para conquistar tal objetivo, tendo como inspiração a proposta de Baronas (2010) e seguindo os exemplos de Ribeiro (2006), Chagas (2012) e Pauleto (2013), criamos um site com materiais diversos sobre o tema preconceito linguístico, como vídeos, imagens e textos informativos. Ainda, como complemento do trabalho, foi criada uma página no Facebook, de modo a obter uma eficácia maior na divulgação, sabendo que a internet é hoje um dos meios mais fáceis, rápidos e de longo alcance para o compartilhamento de informações. Tivemos por intenção promover uma circulação do conhecimento, aplicando o princípio da gratuidade linguística apresentado por Wolfram (1998) e assumindo um papel de agentes de mudança social, segundo aponta Charity (2008). De modo a verificar a eficácia de nosso trabalho, utilizamos uma avaliação em modelo de questionário de escala Likert, realizada por três grupos distintos de avaliadores. Nossos resultados mostraram aprovação ao site por parte dos três grupos de avaliação, demonstrando que esse tipo de trabalho é eficiente e promissor, sendo uma maneira eficaz e ampla de se promover a circulação de saberes sociolinguísticos e divulgar uma mensagem de combate ao preconceito linguístico / This dissertation is the description of a work whose main objective was the creation of a website with materials about the linguistic prejudice subject, with the intention of promoting a circulation of scientific knowledge among several classes of the non-academic society. Our first motivations for the achievement of a work of this kind initiated after the controversy occurred in the year of 2011 about a schoolbook which, according to the press, would teach students to speak wrongly. This situation showed an existing absence of dialogue between academy and society regarding to sociolinguistic subjects. We noticed the need of making a scientific communication that could reach the society successfully, in order to make people know about the subject and, at least, reflect about it. Even though there are already many works made by linguists with this same purpose, like Bagno (1997,1999), Bortoni-Ricardo (2004, 2005) and Scherre (2005), these are already very limited, for being, in the majority, books and academic articles. Making use as our basis of the indivisibility principle between teaching, research and extension (MEC/Sesu, 2006), we aimed to unite the resulting scientific research of the sociolinguistic studies to the extension with the divulgation of the subject to the people that are out of the academic environment and to the teaching, creating and sharing materials that can also be used in the classroom. To achieve such objective, having the idea suggested by Baronas (2010) as our inspiration and following the examples of Ribeiro (2006), Chagas (2012) and Pauleto (2013), we created a website with several materials about the linguistic prejudice subject, such as media clips, pictures and informative texts. As a complement of this work, we also created a Facebook page, in order to reach more effective divulgation, knowing that, nowadays, the internet is one of the easiest, fastest and widest ways of sharing information. Our intention was to promote a circulation of knowledge, applying the linguistic gratuity principle, presented by Wolfram (1998), and assuming a role of an agent of social change, according to Charity (2008). In order to verify the effectiveness of our work, we used an evaluation in the models of a Likert scale questionnaire, answered by three different groups of evaluators. Our results showed that the website was approved by the three evaluation groups, showing that this kind of work is efficient and promissory, being an effective and wide way of promoting the circulation of knowledge and the divulgation of a message against linguistic prejudice

Abstract The Iijoki series is an autobiography consisting of 26 novels in which the author Kalle Päätalo depicts his life from the childhood until becoming a writer. Päätalo has documented his own regional dialect, the language he had grown up with, described other dialects, dialectal perceptions, attitudes and language ideologies. The Iijoki series can be recognised as the language biography of the protagonist. The turning points are linked by a specific thematic plot that carries the narrative through difficulties, contradictions, insights and adaptations towards the culmination of the novel series, where the protagonist has sufficient linguistic resources as a writer. In the study of the language biography the different trends in sociolinguistics cross over: studies in language variation, folk linguistics, and multilingualism studies. The focus of research is metalanguage. Two levels of metalanguage can be brought forth in the text: metalanguage 1, which depicts language and its phenomena, such as language patterns, features and speech, and metalanguage 2, which includes language-related values and language attitudes. The research has utilized the concepts and perspectives of literary research. The interdisciplinary approach is mainly visible at the level of interpretation. The research consists of four articles. In the first article, I demonstrate that the variation of speech places great importance in describing the most essential relationship in the novel series. In the second article, I specify protagonist's perceptions and attitudes of dialects and look at their functions as a medium of various human emotions. In the third article, I present the turning points of the protagonist’s language biography and point out how different language ideologies create tension around the most significant theme of the novel series. The fourth article looks at the linguistic stancetaking of the protagonist of the Iijoki series in relation to the changes in social status. / Tiivistelmä Iijoki-sarja on 26-osainen omaelämäkerrallinen teossarja, jossa kirjailija Kalle Päätalo kertoo omat vaiheensa lapsuudesta kirjailijaksi ryhtymiseen saakka. Päätalo on tallentanut kirjoihinsa kotiseutunsa kieltä sekä kuvannut monia muita suomen murteita, murrekäsityksiä ja -asenteita sekä kieli-ideologisia asetelmia. Iijoki-sarjaa voi lukea päähenkilön kielielämäkertana. Kielielämäkerran käännekohtia yhdistää juonen kannalta keskeinen temaattinen säie. Ne kuljettavat tarinaa kieleen liittyvien vaikeuksien, ristiriitojen, oivallusten ja sopeutumisten kautta kohti romaanisarjan huipennusta, jossa päähenkilöllä on kirjailijan työtä ajatellen riittävät kielelliset resurssit käytettävissään. Kielielämäkerran tutkimuksessa risteävät sosiolingvistiikan eri suuntaukset: variaationtutkimus, kansanlingvistinen tutkimus sekä monikielisyyden tutkimus. Tutkimuksen keskiössä on metakieli. Tekstistä on nostettavissa esiin kahden eri tason metakieltä: metakieli 1:tä, joka kuvaa kieltä ja sen ilmiöitä, kuten kielimuotoja, kielenpiirteitä ja puhetapaa, sekä metakieli 2:ta, joka sisältää kieleen liittyvän arvomaailman ja kielenkäyttöä ohjailevat asenteet. Tutkimuksessa on hyödynnetty kirjallisuudentutkimuksen käsitteitä ja näkökulmia. Poikkitieteellinen lähestymistapa näkyy erityisesti tulkintojen tasolla. Tutkimus koostuu neljästä artikkelista. Artikkelissa I osoitan, että puhekielen variaatiolla on merkittävä rooli romaanisarjan keskeisimmän ihmissuhteen kuvauksessa. Toisessa artikkelissa erittelen päähenkilön murrehavaintoja ja -asenteita sekä tarkastelen niiden funktioita erilaisten tunnetilojen välittäjänä. Artikkelissa III esittelen päähenkilön kielielämäkerralliset käännekohdat ja osoitan, kuinka erilaiset kieli-ideologiat luovat jännitteen Iijoki-sarjan merkittävimmän teeman ympärille. Neljännessä artikkelissa tarkastelen Iijoki-sarjan päähenkilön kielellistä asemoitumista suhteessa sosiaalisen aseman muutokseen.

En este artículo se describe el empleo del dequeísmo en el habla santiaguina en la actualidad desde el punto de vista sociolingüístico. Para tal propósito, se analizó una muestra estratificada de entrevistas realizadas a 120 hablantes santiaguinos. Los objetivos del estudio consistieron en identificar los factores internos que propiciaban el empleo del dequeísmo y correlacionarlo con factores sociodemográficos del hablante (sexo, edad y grupo socioeconómico). Los resultados muestran que, en términos relativos, los contextos que más favorecen el dequeísmo son la sustitución de otras preposiciones por de y las estructuras apositivas, si bien la mayoría de los casos de dequeísmo se dieron en cláusulas con las funciones de objeto directo y de sujeto. Asimismo, los factores sociales más sensibles en la ocurrencia del  dequeísmo fueron el sexo del informante y su edad. De este modo, se comprobó que el dequeísmo es más frecuente en los hombres y en los hablantes de edad avanzada de la muestra. / Within a sociolinguistic framework, in this paper, we describe the use of dequeísmo (use of ‘de que’ instead of ‘que’) in the utterances of Spanish speakers living in Santiago de Chile. A stratified sample of 120 interviews with people residing in Santiago was utilized for the analysis. The study intended to 1) identify the internal variables that prompted the use of dequeísmo, and, 2) correlate those variables with sociodemographic of the speakers (gender, age, and socioeconomic status). The results suggest that the contexts that foster the use of dequeísmo frequently allowed for the replacement of other de prepositions and appositive structures, although most cases occurred in clauses with functions of direct object and subject.Additionally, in the sample, the use of dequeísmo was frequently coincided in the speeches of male and older speakers.

abstract: Past research has isolated an extension of the copular verb estar into the domain previously sanctioned for its counterpart, ser. This extension has been found in areas of contact between American English and Spanish speaking Mexican immigrants. A similar situation of contact is in occurrence in Arizona, and this study endeavored to evaluate if this same extension was present, and to what degree. This study also explores the framework of linguistic hegemony in order to relate language attitudes in Arizona to language change in Arizona. The findings revealed minimal extension. This may be due to language maintenance in response to hegemony. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. English 2012

abstract: South Sudanese refugees are among the most vulnerable immigrants to the U.S.. Many have spent years in refugee camps, experienced trauma, lost members of their families and have had minimal or no schooling or literacy prior to their arrival in the U.S. Although most South Sudanese aspire to become U.S. citizens, finally giving them a sense of belonging and participation in a land they can call their own, they constitute a group that faces great challenges in terms of their educational adaptation and English-language learning skills that would lead them to success on the U.S. citizenship examination. This dissertation reports findings from a qualitative research project involving case studies of South Sudanese students in a citizenship preparation program at a South Sudanese refugee community center in Phoenix, Arizona. It focuses on the links between the motivations of students seeking citizenship and the barriers they face in gaining it. Though the South Sudanese refugee students aspiring to become U.S. citizens face many of the same challenges as other immigrant groups, there are some factors that in combination make the participants in this study different from other groups. These include: long periods spent in refugee camps, advanced ages, war trauma, absence of intact families, no schooling or severe disruption from schooling, no first language literacy, and hybridized forms of second languages (e.g. Juba Arabic). This study reports on the motivations students have for seeking citizenship and the challenges they face in attaining it from the perspective of teachers working with those students, community leaders of the South Sudanese community, and particularly the students enrolled in the citizenship program. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. English 2014

Jenny Cheshire, current editor in chief of Language in Society, stated that there is a bias of masculine terms and referents in the English language (1985, p. 22). This poses a problem, both linguistically and socially, and conscious language reforms need to be imposed in order for the bias to drastically be countered (1985, p. 22). In the past decades, gender-neutral terms, such as chairperson has been gaining ground in English, particularly in business discourse, and are contributing to create a more gender-neutral language. According to Cheshire (2008), media discourse is enormously influential (p.9) in the way we communicate, and this study investigates patterns in the use of chairperson and salesperson, as well as historically male professions priest and manager and female professions nurse and secretary. The data for this study is taken from the TIME Magazine Corpus. The results of this study show that masculine gender collocates appear commonly with the historically female professions and conversely for the historically male professions which appear more often with feminine collocates. Furthermore, through analysis of 1,000 instances of the terms in the corpus, it is noted that there are differences as to how the professions are connected with other words as well. Sexuality, nationality and physicality are ways in which the collocates of the terms differ. It is noted that, over time, there have been both increases and decreases in how gender collocates appear with the terms and that the frequency in usage of the feminine, masculine and gender-neutral terms have all been noted to vary in usage over the past century in the selected discourse.