Summary                                                               Overweight and obesity in Sweden and in the rest of the industrialized world continues to increase. This results in increased costs both to society and the healthcare system. Part of this development is the increasing consumption of sugar and that is what should be restricted to tackle this growing social problem. Part of the increased consumption of sugar in Sweden was the launch of pick and mix ingrocery stores.  This study aims to examine how store managers look at their public health responsibilities, and investigate how managers of grocery stores think about health and health aspects in general and about the sugar consumption in particular. Semi-structured "face to face" interviews was used to collect data and seven grocery store managers participated in the study. The interviews were analyzed using concentration of sentences that involves compiling the interviewees' statements into shorter formulations. Results of the study showed that all the store managers claimed to take the health responsibilities that can be expected of them. The health aspects taken into account by the store managers were that they provided good organic and locally produced groceries and that some of them had collaboration with a dietician or people with other professions related to food. It was considered easy to buy good and healthy food by all store managers. The question regarding the introduction of a sugar tax divided the store managers, 4 of them were positive to taxation, while 3 of them were more hesitant about its effects. The conclusion of this study is that store managers are taking some responsibility to the public health by providing healthy alternatives. However there is much more they can do to reduce sugar consumption among the population, thus contributing to an important public health work.

The subject for our bachelor thesis is how sugar is portrayed in Aftonbladet. By analyzing newspapers from 1995 and 2013 we wanted to research if the portrayal of sugar has changed during the years. We have noticed that there is a trend of being healthy and fit today. “Strong is the new skinny” is a quote we can see in social media and on blogs today. In the humans pursuit of becoming healthy and strong the sugar has become the villain in todays society. In 2014, many cookbooks with sugarfree recipies have been published and the media can’t seem to stop writing about new diets and how to loose weight. To analyze the difference in how sugar is portrayed in Aftonbladet between 1995 and 2013 we made a quantitative content analysis. A conclusion of our analysis shows that there are more texts about sugar in 2013 than in 1995 and that the recipies are the dominant kind of texts in the latter. Most texts in 1995 was recipes and texts about the risk of sugar came second. In 2013 the recipes had decreased but there had been an increase in dietary recommendations. The authors behind the texts are mostly the writers or celebrities, but when it comes to the texts about the risks of sugar it’s usually a researcher who is the author. 2013 there was only written about one celebrity who lost weight, while in 1995 it was the individuals behind the texts. There is a mixed message about sugar, it is written about both as an ingredient in a recipe at the same time as critical voices warning the reader about the same type of foods are heard.

Bakgrund: Sockersötade drycker är drycker till vilka sockerarter tillsatts. Dessa drycker konsumeras globalt och många gånger överskrids rekommendationerna om intag av tillsatt socker, vilket kan leda till negativa hälsoeffekter. Sockersötade drycker kan öka risken att drabbas av övervikt, fetma och typ 2-diabetes som i sin tur är riskfaktorer för att utveckla bukspottkörtelcancer. Det finns därför ett ökat intresse att undersöka den potentiellt ökade cancerrisken vid konsumtion av sockersötade drycker. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka om intag av sockersötade drycker kan öka risken att drabbas av bukspottkörtelcancer. Metod: Arbetet är en litteraturstudie där vetenskapliga artiklar sökts med databasen PubMed. Sökorden var ”sugar-sweetened beverages” och ”pancreas cancer”. Av de artiklar som erhölls inkluderades observationsstudier och kliniska studier. Utifrån ytterligare inklusions- och exklusionskriterier valdes sju studier ut och granskades. Resultat: Resultat från tre av sju studier visar att det inte förekommer något samband mellan konsumtion av sockersötad dryck och risk för bukspottkörtelcancer medan resultat från tre studier påvisar samband. Resultat från en studie visar att det finns samband hos kvinnor men inte hos män. Slutsats: Hälften av studierna visar ett samband mellan konsumtion av sockersötad dryck och en ökad risk att drabbas av bukspottkörtelcancer. För att minska risken kan det således vara fördelaktigt att följa de rekommendationer som finns kring tillsatt socker. / Background: Sugar-sweetened beverages are beverages to which sugars are added. These beverages are consumed globally and many times the recommendations on added sugar are exceeded, which can lead to negative health effects. Sugar-sweetened beverages may increase the risk of overweight, obesity and type 2 diabetes which are risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer. Thus, there is an increased interest to study the potentially increased cancer risk associated with the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Aim: The aim was to examine whether consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages can increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. Method: This work is a literature study using scientific articles searched with the database PubMed. The search terms were “sugar-sweetened beverages” and “pancreas cancer.” Of the articles obtained, observational studies and clinical studies were included. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven studies were selected and reviewed. Results: Results from three of seven studies show that there is no relationship between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of pancreatic cancer, while results from three other studies show that there is a relationship. Results from one study show that there is a relationship in women but not in men. Conclusion: Half of the studies shows that there is a relationship between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. To reduce the risk, it can be beneficial to follow the recommendations that exist regarding added sugar.

Bakgrund Idag diskuteras det mycket kring vilken roll sockerkonsumtionen kan spela gällande de ökande hälsoproblemen i samhället. På senare tid har det flytande sockret lyfts fram som en av de stora bovarna i dramat och forskning visar på att läsk bestående oberoende av vanligt socker eller artificiellt socker, kan påverka hälsan negativt.SyfteSyftet med undersökningen var att granska ungdomars läskkonsumtion samt att ta reda på deras motiv till varför de föredrar att dricka vanlig läsk respektive lightläsk. Det är även av intresse att undersöka eventuella könsskillnader. MetodUndersökningen har gjorts med hjälp av en enkätundersökning med intention att beskriva ungdomars läskkonsumtion. Valet av undersökningsmetod syftade till att ge bredd åt undersökningen. Undersökningen gjordes på tre stycken 0-9 skolor i Vellinge kommun. Undersökningen var en totalundersökning på årskurserna 7-9 vilket resulterade i att inget urval gjordes. Sammanlagt medverkade 221 elever i undersökningen.ResultatGenom undersökningen framgår det att de flesta, d.v.s. 163 stycken (73,8 %) av de medverkande eleverna dricker läsk 1-3 gånger per vecka. Resultaten visar även att pojkar har en statistiskt säkerställd benägenhet att dricka mer läsk än flickor. Vid valet av vanlig läsk respektive lightläsk är vanlig läsk populärast då 162 av de medverkande eleverna föredrar att dricka vanlig läsk medan endast 56 elever föredrar att dricka lightläsk.SlutsatsUngdomarna tycks vara belysta kring de aspekter som media berört gällande sockrets och sötningsmedlenas tänkbara effekter på hälsan, men saknar kunskap kring de faktiska bevis som finns. Därför är det viktigt att både föräldrar och skola figurerar som förebilder och visar var man står gällande hälsofrågor. Detta för att på sikt kunna få bukt med dagens ökande ohälsa bland barn och ungdomar. Dagens barn och ungdomar behöver både undervisning i och redskap till att utveckla en hållbar hälsosam livsstil. / The pros and cons debate on the issue to what effect sugar has on our health, is widely spread today. During recent years liquid sugar has been identified as a major cause to the increasing health problems. The purpose of this thesis is to examine young peoples habits regarding consumption of soft drinks and to find out their motives and preferences for ordinary soft drinks respectively light soft drinks. It is also of interest to search for any variation in habits between the sexes. The survey, which included all students (221) at three 0-9 schools, was conducted by means of questionnaires in an opinion poll with the over all intention to describe young peoples consumption of soft drinks. The research shows that most young people drink soft drinks 1-3 times a week and that boys significantly drink a larger amount of soft drinks than girls do.The result also show that it is more popular to drink ordinary soft drinks than to drink light soft drinks.