This qualitative research focuses on the meanings that contemporary, working women assign to the experience of motherhood, how the role of work intersects the role of motherhood, and how these women are constructing and deconstructing gender with their preschool-age sons. Feminist and symbolic interactionist perspectives are utilized to ground the study empirically. The results are based on the in-depth interviews the researcher conducted with five working mothers living in a rural, college town. / Master of Science

Face aux questions émergentes relatives aux ethnies minoritaires dans les régions montagneuses du nord-ouest du Vietnam, la tendance actuelle est d'implanter le tourisme dans la communauté en le considérant comme un outil de développement local. Au-delà des approches théoriques, l'analyse des multiples projets mis en œuvre dans le cadre du tourisme "communautaire" montre que les effets négatifs sont nombreux, nuisibles souvent à la culture, à l'environnement, à la société. Dans un contexte de fort développement du tourisme communautaire au Vietnam, la thèse s'efforce d'ouvrir quelques propositions adaptées aux ethnies minoritaires en montagne du Vietnam, autour du concept d'écotourisme attaché à la communauté (l'EAC). En déterminant certaines causes de dysfonctionnement, préjudiciables à une mise en tourisme durable, la thèse propose un modèle de gestion de l'EAC adapté aux communautés des thaïs aux villages de Phu Mau 1 et 2 de la commune de Chieng Yen en province Son La. / Dealing with many difficult problems of the ethnic minority groups in the Nothwest mountainous areas of Vietnam, the local and the central governments tend to adapt tourism as a way to develop economics. Although there are many theorical, scientific studies and practical projects, but the so-called community-based tourism has still been causing the great harms to the culture, society and environment of the local communities. In the context of tourism development in the ethnic minority groups of Vietnam, the purpose of this thesis is to identify a type of tourism, which could be suitable adaptation to the conditions of those groups. That type of tourism is a community-based ecotourism. After finding out the causes of unsustainable development, this thesis proposes a model of controlling community-based ecotourism that is sutainable for Thai community in Phu Mau, a popular ethnic group in the Northwest of Vietnam.

The thesis deals with the power in the Gospel of John, specifically with the term EXOUSIA, which means power or authority. This thesis engages in separate passages of the Gospel of John in which the evangelist uses the term EXOUSIA, it examines its context in which was the term used and tries to determine in which meaning it is used. Thereby,this thesis tries to answer the question what does the evangelist understand under the term power (EXOUSIA).

Le design du mapping (ou couplage) entre mouvement et son est essentiel à la création de systèmes interactifs sonores et musicaux. Cette thèse propose une approche appelée mapping par démonstration qui permet aux utilisateurs de créer des interactions entre mouvement et son par des exemples de gestes effectués pendant l'écoute. Le mapping par démonstration est un cadre conceptuel et technique pour la création d'interactions sonores à partir de démonstrations d'associations entre mouvement et son. L'approche utilise l'apprentissage automatique interactif pour construire le mapping à partir de démonstrations de l'utilisateur. Nous nous proposons d’exploiter la nature générative des modèles probabilistes, de la reconnaissance de geste continue à la génération de paramètres sonores. Nous avons étudié plusieurs modèles probabilistes, à la fois des modèles instantanés (Modèles de Mélanges Gaussiens) et temporels (Modèles de Markov Cachés) pour la reconnaissance, la régression, et la génération de paramètres sonores. Nous avons adopté une perspective d’apprentissage automatique interactif, avec un intérêt particulier pour l’apprentissage à partir d'un nombre restreint d’exemples et l’inférence en temps réel. Les modèles représentent soit uniquement le mouvement, soit intègrent une représentation conjointe des processus gestuels et sonores, et permettent alors de générer les trajectoires de paramètres sonores continûment depuis le mouvement. Nous avons exploré un ensemble d’applications en pratique du mouvement et danse, en design d’interaction sonore, et en musique. / Designing the relationship between motion and sound is essential to the creation of interactive systems. This thesis proposes an approach to the design of the mapping between motion and sound called Mapping-by-Demonstration. Mapping-by-Demonstration is a framework for crafting sonic interactions from demonstrations of embodied associations between motion and sound. It draws upon existing literature emphasizing the importance of bodily experience in sound perception and cognition. It uses an interactive machine learning approach to build the mapping iteratively from user demonstrations. Drawing upon related work in the fields of animation, speech processing and robotics, we propose to fully exploit the generative nature of probabilistic models, from continuous gesture recognition to continuous sound parameter generation. We studied several probabilistic models under the light of continuous interaction. We examined both instantaneous (Gaussian Mixture Model) and temporal models (Hidden Markov Model) for recognition, regression and parameter generation. We adopted an Interactive Machine Learning perspective with a focus on learning sequence models from few examples, and continuously performing recognition and mapping. The models either focus on movement, or integrate a joint representation of motion and sound. In movement models, the system learns the association between the input movement and an output modality that might be gesture labels or movement characteristics. In motion-sound models, we model motion and sound jointly, and the learned mapping directly generates sound parameters from input movements. We explored a set of applications and experiments relating to real-world problems in movement practice, sonic interaction design, and music. We proposed two approaches to movement analysis based on Hidden Markov Model and Hidden Markov Regression, respectively. We showed, through a use-case in Tai Chi performance, how the models help characterizing movement sequences across trials and performers. We presented two generic systems for movement sonification. The first system allows users to craft hand gesture control strategies for the exploration of sound textures, based on Gaussian Mixture Regression. The second system exploits the temporal modeling of Hidden Markov Regression for associating vocalizations to continuous gestures. Both systems gave birth to interactive installations that we presented to a wide public, and we started investigating their interest to support gesture learning.

Esta tese propõe a análise das cartas trocadas entre Camilo José Cela e os escritores Rafael Alberti, Max Aub, Américo Castro e Emilio Prados, durante as décadas de 50 a 70, reunidas no livro Correspondencia con el exilio (2009). Nessas correspondências, que se configuram como território textual de sociabilidade, examinamos a articulação entre os carteadores para fazer circular as obras dos escritores exilados na Espanha franquista, seja na revista Papeles de Son Armadans seja na editora Alfaguara. O estudo demonstra, ainda, a relevância da interlocução para o projeto de Cela de evidenciar sua atuação como mediador cultural entre o exílio e a península. / This thesis aims to analyze the exchanged letters between Camilo José Cela and the writers Rafael Alberti, Max Aub, Américo Castro and Emilio Prados, during the decades of 50 to 70\'s, gathered in the book Correspondencia con el exilio (2009). In these correspondences, which configure themselves as a textual territorial of sociability, we examine the articulation between the correspondents in order to circulate the writers collected works exiled in franquist Spain, in both Papeles de Son Armadans magazine and Alfaguara publisher house. The study yet demonstrates the relevance of the interlocution for the Cela\'s project of evidence his performance as a cultural mediator between the exile and peninsula.

Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2019-03-11T19:52:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Jessica_Rodrigues_2018.pdf: 1353993 bytes, checksum: 9e77a71398195423e20a09632837b4f6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-11T19:52:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Jessica_Rodrigues_2018.pdf: 1353993 bytes, checksum: 9e77a71398195423e20a09632837b4f6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-11 / The current dissertation presents an analytical reading upon the translation process of the book O Filho Eterno (2007), by Cristovão Tezza, whose translation to the English language is given the title The Eternal Son (2013), by the translator Alison Entrekin. To do so, we aim at establishing a comparative perspective between the Original Text (OT) and the Translated Text (TT), identifying the path followed along the translation process. The Translation Studies, from 1980s on, consolidates itself as an autonomous research and intellectual production field, not anymore as a branch of the Comparative Liteature or Linguistics. Literature scholars, for too long, focused themselves on a defensive posture, upon fidedignity aspects of the OT and the TT. Linguistics, yet, very poorly has explored the cultural aspects of the translation analysis. This comparative study between the O Filho Eterno and The Eternal Son broadened the literary analysis possibilities as it permitted a reflection on the understanding the creative expression lines used in the book through the double, the autofiction and the silence. The interdicts and the vertigo feeling from the original narrative are suppressed on the translation throughout a simplification of the creative resources, such as punctuation, word omissions and explanatory insertions; furthermore, a lexical and semantic diversification of the recurrent use of the original Filho for preferable terms of the translator as son, child, baby and Felipe, that, along the plot, turn out to be a guideline for the foreign reader. The TT simplification can be analyzed from four settled moments of the book: waiting the messianic son as a prize (son), not-acceptance of the child with Down Syndrome (child), the rising empathy with the stimulus sessions (baby) and the identity construction of Felipe with talents, tastes and features, beyond his Syndrome. The whole process is interweaved by the construction of the father and son double, established with feedbacks and reflections from the father-character, under the lens of a selective omniscient narrator that also ensured the narrative distance and the autofictional aspect of the book. Under such perspective, language is continuously challenged as the comfortable values of the symbolic plan categorization is doubted, such as comprehension, apprehension and valuation measures of the world’s narrator from O Filho Eterno come down to the experience of helplessness, inexpressible and of full meaningful silence. This study is based upon the theorical and critical approaches by Mona Baker (1993, 1995, 1996), Itamar Even-Zohar (1978), Susan Basnnett (2005), Philippe Lejeune, (2008), Diana Klinger (2006), Santiago Kovadloff (2003), Roland Barthes (1977, 2004), among others. / A presente dissertação apresenta uma leitura analítica do processo de tradução da obra O Filho Eterno (2007), de Cristovão Tezza, cuja obra em língua inglesa recebe o título de The Eternal Son (2013), na tradução de Alison Entrekin. Para isso, buscamos estabelecer uma perspectiva comparativa entre o Texto Original (TO) e o Texto Traduzido (TT), com a identificação do caminho adotado no processo tradutório. Os Estudos da Tradução, a partir da década de 1980, consolidam-se como uma área de pesquisa autônoma e de produção intelectual, não mais como um desmembramento da Literatura Comparada ou da Linguística. Teóricos da literatura, por muito tempo, pautaram-se, em uma postura defensiva, em questões de fidedignidade entre o TO e o TT. Já a Linguística, pouco explorou os aspectos culturais nas análises tradutórias. O estudo comparado entre O Filho Eterno e The Eternal Son ampliou as possibilidades da análise literária ao permitir refletir sobre a compreensão das linhas de expressão criativas, pautadas na obra pelo duplo, pela autoficção e pelo silêncio. Os interditos e o sentimento de vertigem do original são suprimidos na narrativa traduzida por meio de uma simplificação de recursos criativos, como pontuação, supressão de palavras e inserções explicativas; também, por uma diversificação lexical e semântica do recorrente uso no original da lexia Filho, por vocábulos preferenciais da tradutora como son, child, baby e Felipe, que, no enredo, tornam-se guia no contexto narrativo ao leitor estrangeiro. A simplificação no TT pode ser analisada a partir de quatro momentos da obra: à espera do filho messiânico como um prêmio (son), a não-aceitação da criança com Síndrome de Down (child), a crescente empatia com as sessões de estímulo (baby) e a configuração da identidade de Felipe, com talentos, gostos e características, para além da Síndrome. Todo o processo é perpassado pela construção de um duplo entre pai e filho, estabelecido com flashbacks e reflexões do personagem pai, sob a lente de um narrador onisciente seletivo, que assegura um distanciamento narrativo e o aspecto autoficcional da obra. Sob tal perspectiva narrativa, a linguagem é desafiada à medida que os valores confortáveis da categorização no plano simbólico, como medidas de compreensão, apreensão e valoração do mundo do narrador de O Filho Eterno, culminam em uma experiência de desamparo, do indizível e de um silêncio pleno de significado. Este estudo ancora-se em abordagens teóricas e críticas advindas de Mona Baker (1993, 1995, 1996), Itamar Even-Zohar (1978), Susan Basnnett (2005), Philippe Lejeune, (2008), Diana Klinger (2006), Santiago Kovadloff (2003), Roland Barthes (1977, 2004), entre outros.

Entre la théorie de la musique et l'étude de la perception, il y a peu d'espace, dans la science Scolastique, consacré à la physique des sons. La mécanique aristotélicienne ne prévoit pas le mouvement sans transport de matière et cette lacune constitue un blocage. A partir du début du XVIIème siècle, de nombreux savants traitent le sujet, parfois dans des ouvrages entiers, souvent en quelques lignes. Le phénomène est invisible et fugitif, alors on invente des représentations. Parmi elles, la célèbre métaphore des ronds dans l'eau rencontre un succès certain, mais également le flux de corpuscules ou les rayons sonores. La rédaction de l'Encyclopédie est contemporaine de la mathématisation de la propagation des ondes, avec la modélisation par les cordes vibrantes. A travers une Histoire de l'Acoustique Physique, on entreprend ici l'étude de ces représentations et des controverses qu'elles suscitent parmi les différents courants de la pensée scientifique, de l'Antiquité aux Lumières.

Esta tese propõe a análise das cartas trocadas entre Camilo José Cela e os escritores Rafael Alberti, Max Aub, Américo Castro e Emilio Prados, durante as décadas de 50 a 70, reunidas no livro Correspondencia con el exilio (2009). Nessas correspondências, que se configuram como território textual de sociabilidade, examinamos a articulação entre os carteadores para fazer circular as obras dos escritores exilados na Espanha franquista, seja na revista Papeles de Son Armadans seja na editora Alfaguara. O estudo demonstra, ainda, a relevância da interlocução para o projeto de Cela de evidenciar sua atuação como mediador cultural entre o exílio e a península. / This thesis aims to analyze the exchanged letters between Camilo José Cela and the writers Rafael Alberti, Max Aub, Américo Castro and Emilio Prados, during the decades of 50 to 70\'s, gathered in the book Correspondencia con el exilio (2009). In these correspondences, which configure themselves as a textual territorial of sociability, we examine the articulation between the correspondents in order to circulate the writers collected works exiled in franquist Spain, in both Papeles de Son Armadans magazine and Alfaguara publisher house. The study yet demonstrates the relevance of the interlocution for the Cela\'s project of evidence his performance as a cultural mediator between the exile and peninsula.

Ce travail porte sur le son jarocho, un genre musical métis de Veracruz au Mexique et ses éventuelles similitudes avec un genre musical de Tunisie, le stambeli. L’idée en est venue à la suite de situations d’écoutes spontanées du son jarocho présentant un air de ressemblance avec le stambeli. Ces écoutes se sont reproduites à plusieurs reprises et dans différents lieux et contextes avec des amis ou des étudiants en Tunisie. J’ai effectué cinq séjours de terrain, entre 2010 et 2013, dans l’État de Veracruz, entre les villes de Veracruz, Jalapa et la région des Tuxtlas au sud de l’État de Veracruz, afin d’étudier de plus près cette question d’éventuels liens entre les deux genres et comment ils sont perçus au Mexique. Lors de mon dernier séjour de terrain au Mexique (juillet-septembre 2013), j’ai fait l’expérience de ces écoutes spontanées dans le sens inverse, et la majorité des gens pensaient écouter le début du son El Toro Zacamandu alors qu’ils écoutaient la nuba de Sidi Marzug du répertoire de stambeli. En 2014, j’ai pu réaliser une rencontre à Tunis entre le groupe Mono Blanco de son jarocho et les musiciens de stambeli. La question d’une éventuelle identité « afro-mexicaine » est également abordée. Comment les musiciens de son jarocho se situent-ils par rapport à cette question déjà largement débattue ? Ce travail est centré sur une étude comparative entre le son jarocho et le stambeli par la transcription et l’analyse de trois sones jarochos et deux nubas de stambeli. De fait, l’analyse du rapport entre le chant avec la leona dans le son jarocho et du chant avec le gumbri dans le stambeli montrent des modes de fonctionnement comparables. / This work concerns the son jarocho, a mestizo musical genre from Veracruz, Mexico, and its possible similarities with a musical genre of Tunisia, the stambeli. This project came following situations of spontaneous listening to the Son jarocho reminding an air of ressemblance with the stambeli. The same impression was reproduced repeatedly and in various places and contexts with friends or students in Tunisia. Five fieldwork stays, between 2010 and 2013, in the state of Veracruz, in the cities of Veracruz, Jalapa, and the region of Tuxtlas led me to closer study this question of possible links between both genres and how the are perceived in Mexico. During my last fieldwork stay in Mexico (July-September 2013), I experienced this spontaneous listening in the reverse sense, and the majority of people thought they were listening to the begining of the son El Toro Zacamandu while they were listening to Sidi Marzug nuba from the stambeli repertoire. In 2014, I organized a meeting in Tunis between a group of son jarocho and stambeli musicians. The question of ‘Afro-Mexican’ identity is also approached on this work. How are the son jarocho musicians situated regarding this widely approached question? The whole work is centred around a comparative study between son jarocho and Stambeli through transcription and analysis of three sones jarochos and two nubas of stambeli. I analyze the relation between the singing and the leona parts in the son jarocho and the singing and gumbri parts in the stambeli. Ways of functioning in these two different musical genres appear to be similar.

Les réseaux de cinquième génération sont en cours de définition et leurs différentes composantes commencent à émerger: nouvelles technologies d'accès à la radio, convergence fixe et mobile des réseaux et virtualization.Le contrôle et la gestion de bout en bout (E2E) du réseau ont une importance particulière pour les performances du réseau. Cela étant, nous segmentons le travail de thèse en deux parties: le réseau d’accès radio (RAN) axé sur la technologie MIMO Massif (M-MIMO) et la connexion E2E du point de vue de la couche transport.Dans la première partie, nous considérons la formation de faisceaux focalisés avec un structure hiérarchique dans les réseaux sans fil. Pour un ensemble de flots donnée, nous proposons des algorithmes efficaces en terme de complexité pour une allocation avec alpha-équité. Nous proposons ensuite des formules exactes pour la performance au niveau du flot, à la fois pour le trafic élastique (avec une équité proportionnelle et équité max-min) et le trafic en continu. Nous validons les résultats analytiques par des simulations.La seconde partie de la thèse vise à développer une fonction de réseau auto-organisant (SON) qui améliore la qualité d'expérience (QoE) des connexions en bout-en-bout. Nous considérons un service de type vidéo streaming et développons une fonctionnalité SON qui adapte la QoE de bout-en-bout entre le serveur vidéo et l'utilisateur. La mémoire-tampon reçoit les données d'un serveur avec une connexion E2E en suivant le protocole TCP. Nous proposons un modèle qui décrit ce comportement et nous comparons les formules analytiques obtenues avec les simulations. Enfin, nous proposons un SON qui donne la qualité vidéo de sorte que la probabilité de famine soit égale à une valeur cible fixée au préalable. / Fifth generation networks are being defined and their different components are beginning to emerge: new technologies for access to radio, fixed and mobile convergence of networks and virtualization.End-to-end (E2E) control and management of the network have a particular importance for network performance. Having this in mind, we segment the work of the thesis in two parts: the radio access network (RAN) with a focus on Massive MIMO (M-MIMO) technology and the E2E connection from a point of view of the transport layer.In the first part, we consider hierarchical beamforming in wireless networks. For a given population of flows, we propose computationally efficient algorithms for fair rate allocation. We next propose closed-form formulas for flow level performance, for both elastic (with either proportional fairness and max-min fairness) and streaming traffic. We further assess the performance of hierarchical beamforming using numerical experiments.In the second part, we identify an application of SON namely the control of the starvation probability of video streaming service. The buffer receives data from a server with an E2E connection following the TCP protocol. We propose a model that describes the behavior of a buffer content and we compare the analytical formulas obtained with simulations. Finally, we propose a SON function that by adjusting the application video rate, achieves a target starvation probability.