The main target of this thesis is to summarize and demonstrate the main characteristic of power markets and trying to find out electricity spot model. Thesis starts with definition of market subjects, typology of traded contracts and description of market development with focus on South Easter Europe. Thesis continues with development of consumption function and theoretical concepts of Demand/Capacity ratio which is used in short term/spot modeling and serve to identify a risk of potential increase in volatility. After deriving fundamental models I will continue with stochastic model - Volatility Regime model with Jump diffusion. I used all these knowledge and observed patterns in order to evaluate illiquid power options with daily settlement.

Experimental work evaluated the dependence of the thickness of the cutting edge, its roughness and assessment of appearance with regard to the defects resulting from the diameter of the focal spot during oxidative cutting Yb:YAG laser. Other variables include the experiment: process parameters such as laser power, cutting speed, oxygen pressure and focus position. Experiment is based on the Taguchi tables. Test samples were cut off from sheet thickness 10, 15 and 20 mm. Representatives of conventional steel were S235JRC+N, S235JR, S235JR+N and steel type RAEX developed for laser and plasma cutting. Samples were evaluated according to the ČSN EN ISO 9013. The evaluation of samples was into classes according to standards of quality. Hardness measurements were performed on the samples thickness 20 mm of convectional steel and steel type RAEX.

Brott mot person i offentlig miljö är en av de brottskategorier som skapar störst otrygghet i det svenska samhället. Under 2018 anmäldes totalt 5101 brott mot person i offentlig miljö i Malmö, vilket är cirka 10% av de totalt anmälda brotten i Malmö. För att minska brott i offentlig miljö krävs det att polisen arbetar effektivt och på rätt platser. Tidigare forskning visar på att arbete med ”hot spot” är en effektiv metod inom det polisiära brottspreventiva arbetet och ”harm spot” kan vara ett bra alternativ till att förbättra arbetet ytterligare. I denna uppsats är syftet att ge polisen ytterligare information om var den allvarligaste brottsligheten i Malmö sker. Detta genom att undersöka och presentera ”hot & harm spot”-kartor som jämför brottsligheten i Malmös delområden. Studien ämnar delvis att visa var brotten med högt skadevärde sker och om det verkligen sker i de särskilt utsatta områdena, Lindängen, Seved och Rosengård (NOA 2017), eller om det sker över hela Malmö. Studien ämnar även att undersöka om ”hot spots” och ”harm spots” stämmer överens gällande var brottsligheten i offentlig miljö begås. Resultaten i studien tyder på att brott i offentlig miljö framförallt sker i de centrala delarna i Malmö och att de platser som beräknas ha högst skadevärde finns i Lindängen och i centrum. Det vill säga enbart i ett av tre särskilt utsatta områden. / The public crime is the type of crime that makes people feel most unsafe in the Swedish society. During 2018 there was a total of 5101 criminal notifications of crimes against people in public spaces in the city of Malmö, which is approximately 10% of all reported crimes in Malmö. It is important for the police to work efficiently and with precision to reduce the public crime. ”Hot spot policing”, as an method for the police, is shown to have good results in making their work in reducing crime more efficient and ”harm spot policing” could be an alternative to make their work even more efficient. The main goal of this study is to give the Malmö police more knowledge about where the most serious crime in Malmö occur, by using the ”Swedish Crime Harm Index” made by Rinaldo (2015). The aim is to compare and to present the public crimes in particularly deprived areas and the remaining Malmö by using ”hot-” and ”harm spot” maps. According to the “Nationella operativa avdelningen” (2017) there are three particularly deprived areas in Malmö, which is Lindängen, Seved and Rosengård. The study will also look into if the ”hot spots” and ”harm spots” will differ in the places where the crimes is commited. The result in this study mainly show that the most crimes occur in the central parts of Malmö and the crimes with highest harm value occur in Lindängen and the central areas. Which means in only one out of three of the particularly deprived areas.

No description available.

This research addressed the effects of cultural management practices, cultivar selection, and applications of seasonal fungicides on ultradwarf bermudagrass health and playability and occurrence of foliar diseases. Additionally, novel ectotrophic root-infecting fungi were isolated from ultradwarf bermudagrass roots exhibiting symptoms of summer decline, identified via multilocus phylogenetic analyses, and characterized by morphological assessments and pathogenicity evaluations.

Friction bit joining (FBJ) is a new solid-state spot joining technology developed in cooperation between Brigham Young University of Provo Utah, and MegaStir Technologies of West Bountiful Utah. Although capable of joining several different material combinations, this research focuses on the application of FBJ to joining 5754 aluminum to DP 980 steel, two alloys commonly used in automotive applications. The thicknesses of the materials used were 0.070 inches (1.78 mm) and 0.065 inches (1.65 mm), respectively. The FBJ process employs a consumable 4140 steel bit and is carried out on a purpose built research machine. In the first stage of the weld cycle the bit is used to drill through the aluminum top sheet to be joined. After this, spindle speed is increased so that the bit tip effectively forms a friction weld to the steel bottom sheet. Momentary stoppage of the spindle facilitates weld cooling before the spindle is restarted, shearing the bit tip from the bit shank, and retracted. Incorporated into the bit tip geometry is a flange that securely holds the aluminum in place after joint formation is complete. This research consists of several developmental steps since the technology only recently began to be formally studied. Initial joint strengths observed in lapshear tensile testing averaged only 978.5 pounds (4.35 kN), with a relatively high standard deviation for the data set. Final lapshear tensile test results were improved to an average of 1421.8 pounds (6.32 kN), with a significantly lower, and acceptable, standard deviation for the data set. Similar improvements were realized during the development work in cross tension tensile test results, as average strengths increased from 255.8 pounds (1.14 kN) to 566.3 pounds (2.52 kN). Improvements were also observed in the standard deviation values of cross tension data sets from initial evaluation to the final data set presented in this work.

Efforts to reduce vehicle weight and improve crash performance have resulted in increased application of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) and a recent focus on the weldability of these alloys. Resistance spot welding (RSW) is the primary sheet metal welding process in the manufacture of automotive assemblies. Integration of AHSS into the automotive architecture has brought renewed challenges for achieving acceptable welds. The varying alloying content and processing techniques has further complicated this initiative. The current study examines resistance spot welding of high strength and advance high strength steels including high strength low alloy (HSLA), dual phase (DP) and a ferritic-bainitic steel (590R). The mechanical properties and microstructure of these RSW welded steel alloys are detailed. Furthermore a relationship between chemistries and hardness is produced. The effect of strain rate on the joint strength and failure mode is also an important consideration in the design of welded structures. Current literature, however, does not explain the effects of weld microstructure and there are no comprehensive comparisons of steels. This work details the relationship between the joint microstructure and impact performance of spot welded AHSS. Quasi-static and impact tests were conducted using a universal tensile tester and an instrumented drop tower, respectively. Results for elongation, failure load and energy absorption for each material are presented. Failure modes are detailed by observing weld fracture surfaces. In addition, cross-sections of partially fractured weldments were examined to detail fracture paths during static loading. Correlations between the fracture path and mechanical properties are developed using observed microstructures in the fusion zone and heat-affected-zone. Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) has proven to be a potential candidate for spot welding AHSS. A comparative study of RSW and FSSW on spot welding AHSS has also been completed. The objective of this work is to compare the microstructure and mechanical properties of Zn-coated DP600 AHSS (1.2mm thick) spot welds conducted using both processes. This was accomplished by examining the metallurgical cross-sections and local hardnesses of various spot weld regions. High speed data acquisition was also used to monitor process parameters and attain energy outputs for each process.

Efforts to reduce vehicle weight and improve crash performance have resulted in increased application of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) and a recent focus on the weldability of these alloys. Resistance spot welding (RSW) is the primary sheet metal welding process in the manufacture of automotive assemblies. Integration of AHSS into the automotive architecture has brought renewed challenges for achieving acceptable welds. The varying alloying content and processing techniques has further complicated this initiative. The current study examines resistance spot welding of high strength and advance high strength steels including high strength low alloy (HSLA), dual phase (DP) and a ferritic-bainitic steel (590R). The mechanical properties and microstructure of these RSW welded steel alloys are detailed. Furthermore a relationship between chemistries and hardness is produced. The effect of strain rate on the joint strength and failure mode is also an important consideration in the design of welded structures. Current literature, however, does not explain the effects of weld microstructure and there are no comprehensive comparisons of steels. This work details the relationship between the joint microstructure and impact performance of spot welded AHSS. Quasi-static and impact tests were conducted using a universal tensile tester and an instrumented drop tower, respectively. Results for elongation, failure load and energy absorption for each material are presented. Failure modes are detailed by observing weld fracture surfaces. In addition, cross-sections of partially fractured weldments were examined to detail fracture paths during static loading. Correlations between the fracture path and mechanical properties are developed using observed microstructures in the fusion zone and heat-affected-zone. Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) has proven to be a potential candidate for spot welding AHSS. A comparative study of RSW and FSSW on spot welding AHSS has also been completed. The objective of this work is to compare the microstructure and mechanical properties of Zn-coated DP600 AHSS (1.2mm thick) spot welds conducted using both processes. This was accomplished by examining the metallurgical cross-sections and local hardnesses of various spot weld regions. High speed data acquisition was also used to monitor process parameters and attain energy outputs for each process.

<p>  </p> <p>Protecting crops from disease requires continuous research because plant pathogen incidence, geographical range, and pathogenicity, are constantly shifting variables as agronomic practices and climate continue to evolve. The objectives of this research are to i.) evaluate field-scale fungicide timing programs for corn (<em>Zea mays L.</em>) diseases at multiple locations in Indiana; ii.) evaluate field-scale fungicide timing programs for soybean (<em>Glycine Max</em> (L.) Merr.) diseases at multiple locations in Indiana; iii.) continue to identify, document, and confirm the distribution of populations of the soybean frogeye leaf spot pathogen (<em>Cercospora sojina)</em> that contain the G143A mutation conferring resistance to quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides in Indiana; and iv.) assess the incidence, severity, and prevalence of tar spot (<em>Phyllachora maydis</em>) in Indiana. For the first and second objectives, field scale trials were established at three locations in Indiana from 2019 to 2022. No application timings at any location provided significant yield protection for corn or soybeans. To achieve the third objective, 165 isolates of <em>C. Sojina </em>were tested. In total, 24 out of the 32 counties sampled in 2021 and 2022 were documented with QoI-resistance. The fourth objective was accomplished by surveying Indiana counties for incidence and severity of tar spot. As of 2022, 86 out of 92 Indiana counties have been confirmed for the presence of tar spot.</p>

La question de la qualité des programmes de télévision est une problématique récurrente tant pour les producteurs de contenu que pour le législateur, qui en a confié le contrôle dans la loi a une institution publique, le CSA. Cependant, la notion même de qualité dans ce contexte est ambiguë, et les outils permettant de l’évaluer sont souvent réduits à la vérification du respect d’obligations contractuelles avec les diffuseurs de contenus. Le seul outil universellement utilisé reste la mesure d’audience, souvent remise en cause depuis sa première utilisation en France dans les années 80. Le téléspectateur, principal intéressé de cette démarche qualité, n’est donc considéré que dans son nombre par cette démarche statistique. Cette étude propose de changer de paradigme pour placer le téléspectateur au cœur de l’évaluation des produits audiovisuels. A partir d’une perspective aux confluents de l’énaction de Francisco Varela et de la méthode de conception relativisée de Mioara Mugur-Schächter, l’étude de l’expérience émotionnelle apporte un regard nouveau et original sur la conception de spectateur dans un cadre d’évaluation des programmes. En s’intéressant a la façon dont le téléspectateur guide sa propre perception en fonction de son histoire personnelle, de sa façon d’interpréter son environnement et de l’influence des émotions dans la construction de sa relation à l’audiovisuel, les travaux menés permettent de replacer le téléspectateur comme acteur de l’évaluation. Les entretiens réalisés démontrent ainsi l’individualité de chaque spectateur dans son approche de l’audiovisuel et la construction de critères d’évaluations qui lui sont propres, mais permettant de définir un protocole a multiples niveaux utilisable comme indicateur de la qualité de la relation à l’audiovisuel dans un contexte plus large. / The quality of television programs is a running problem for the content producers as well as the legislator in France, whom gave monitoring in the law to a public institution, the CSA. However, the very concept of quality in that context is ambiguous, and tools allowing oversight are often reduiced to the verification of owed legal duties with the content providers. The only tool universally used is the audience rating, yet often challenged since its first usage in France in the 1980s. The viewer, having a leading interest in this quality process, is only considered in its numbers by such a statistic approch. This study proposes to initiate a paradigm shift in order to place the viewer in the heart of the audiovisual product’s evaluation. Around the theories of enaction by Francisco Varela and the method of relativized conceptualization of Mioara Mugur-Schachter, the study of the emotionnal experience casts a new and original light on the conception of the viewer in a program evaluation setup. By focusing on the way the viewer guides its own perception through its personal history, its manner to interpret its environment and the influence of emotion in the construction of its relation to audiovisual products, the work exposed in this dissertation allows to place the viewer as an actor of the evaluation. The interviews carried out proove the individuality of each viewer in its personnal approach of audiovisual and the construction of criterias of its own, yet allows to define a multi-layered protocol usable as an indicator of the relation’s quality to audiovisual content in a broader context.