Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-10-03T17:03:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE_DAISY.pdf: 1476557 bytes, checksum: 5aac230c9e30648ef15fe68b6cb95e14 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-10-06T20:40:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE_DAISY.pdf: 1476557 bytes, checksum: 5aac230c9e30648ef15fe68b6cb95e14 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T20:40:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE_DAISY.pdf: 1476557 bytes, checksum: 5aac230c9e30648ef15fe68b6cb95e14 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / No estado do Rio Grande do Sul as temperaturas baixas são um dos principais fatores limitantes à cultura do arroz, sendo a tolerância ao frio uma característica de difícil seleção em condições de campo. A utilização de marcadores moleculares SSR combinados com características fenotípicas fornecem informações completas e precisas, permitindo ao melhorista selecionar de maneira mais eficiente genótipos úteis para os programas de melhoramento. Sendo assim, o objetivo foi estudar a variabilidade genética dos genótipos pertencente ao banco ativo do germoplasma do arroz da Embrapa, utilizando caracteres morfológicos e marcadores moleculares SSR para a identificação de variabilidade para tolerância ao frio na germinação. A resposta dos genótipos para estresse por frio na germinação foi avaliada em dois experimentos; I: 124 genótipos de arroz e quatro testemunhas tolerantes foram avaliados em condição de temperaturas de 13C por 28 dias e 25C por sete dias; foi comparado seu desempenho relativo, medido pelo comprimento do coleóptilo, comprimento de raiz, comprimento de parte aérea e germinação. II: sob oscilação de temperatura de: 25ºC, durante 72 horas, 13ºC por 96 horas (frio) e novamente 25ºC por 72 horas (controle) para diferenciar genótipos quanto à tolerância ao frio por meio do recrescimento do coleóptilo. Foram avaliados 151 genótipos e nove locus SSR. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que entre os genótipos estudados do banco de germoplasma da Embrapa existe ampla variabilidade genética, assim como diferentes respostas ao estresse. Assim, alguns genótipos possuem potencial para serem utilizados na ampliação da base genética em programas de pré-melhoramento e melhoramento da cultura. Com base na caracterização fenotípica, os genótipos mais promissores para cruzamentos e obtenção de progênies superiores quanto à tolerância ao frio são BRS 7-Taim, Rio Grande, EEA 405. Na caracterização genotípica, os genótipos em estudo apresentaram grande variabilidade genética. / At the Rio Grande do Sul State low temperatures are one of the main limiting of rice crop, being the cold tolerance a characteristic of difficult selection on field conditions. The utilization of SSR molecular markers combined with phenotypic characteristics provides complete and precise information, enabling the breeder to select more efficiently useful genotypes to the breeding programmes. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the genetic variability of the genotypes belonging of the rice germoplasm active bank of Embrapa, using morphological characters and SSR molecular markers, to identify the genetic variability in cold tolerance at the germination. The response of the genotypes to cold stress during the germination was evaluated in two experiments; I: 124 rice genotypes and four tolerant controls were evaluated on conditions of temperature of 13 ºC during 28 days and 25 ºC during seven days; there were compared their relative performance, measured by the length of the coleoptile, root and shoot, and germination. II: under oscillation of temperature of 25 ºC during 72 hours, 13 ºC during 96 hours (cold) and again 25 ºC during 72 hours (control) to differentiate the genotypes in terms of cold tolerance by the regrowth of the coleoptiles. There were evaluated 151 genotypes and nine SSR loci. The results obtained indicated that among the studied genotypes of the germoplasm bank of Embrapa, there are broad genetic variability, as well as different stress responses. Then, some genotypes have the potencial to be used in the expansion of the genetic basis in the pre-breeding and breeding programmes of this crop. Based on the phenotypic characterization, the most promising genotypes to cross and obtain superior progenies in terms of cold tolerance were BRS 7-Taim, Rio Grande and EEA 405. In the genotypic characterization, the genotypes in study showed high genetic variability.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:06:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Daniela_Priori.pdf: 1667098 bytes, checksum: 34e76681ceb9a2d408f534549b9ee012 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / Genetic resources conserved in genebanks have a great value in terms of conservation of rare types, when they are threatened by abandonment of farming or as a unique resource for plant breeding programs. Among the accessions conserved in genebanks important sources of genetic variability can be found for obtaining more productive genotypes tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses and improved nutritional quality. To have success in that demand is necessary that the accessions contained in genebanks are characterized and evaluated in terms of both qualitative and quantitative characters. The characterization and evaluation of accessions conserved in genebanks must be priorities in the strategy for management of genetic resources, as they provide better knowledge of the germplasm available, is essential for use in breeding programs. In Brazil, there is little information on genetic resources of Cucurbits, especially as regards Cucurbita ficifolia, Cucurbita argyrosperma. Large number of Cucurbita landraces grown in the country could be better exploited as sources of genes for breeding programs, after genetic characterization. Much of the genetic diversity of different Cucurbita landraces grown in southern Brazil has been lost due to neglect of cultivation or its replacement by commercial hybrid varieties. This work was carried in order to contribute to general knowledge related to genetic resources of Cucurbita argyrosperma, Cucurbita ficifolia and Cucurbita pepo, and with specific objectives to assess the transferability of primers designed to C. pepo in C. argyrosperma and C. ficifolia and to evaluate the genetic variability within and among landraces of C. pepo grown in Rio Grande do Sul through analysis of microsatellite markers. Ten accessions of C. pepo, nine of C. argyrosperma and five of C. ficifolia belonging to the Active Germplasm Bank of Cucurbitaceae from Embrapa Temperate Agriculture were submitted to molecular characterization. The genetic distance between these accessions was determined. The transferability of SSR loci from C. pepo to C. argyrosperma and C. ficifolia was 85% and 80% respectively. The analysis of these 24 accessions with 35 loci generated a total of 105 SSR markers, ranging from one to four alleles per locus, of which 56 (53,33%) were polymorphic, showing that there is genetic diversity in the accessions analyzed. The presence and absence of markers allowed to find 100 loci, varying from one to five alleles per locus, with overall average of three alleles per marker analyzed. Among the 34 loci tested, 29 (85.2%) were polymorphic, showing that there is genetic variability among the accessions of C. pepo analyzed. Data evaluation was done by molecular analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). It was observed that 54.60% of genetic variability is attributable to variation between accessions and 45.39% is attributed to differences within accessions. A comparative analysis was made between the ten accessions studied, analyzed two by two by AMOVA. From 45 comparisons between the ten accessions significant differences there were detected between 35 comparisons, with average of 57.10% of molecular variation attributed to differences between accessions. Genetic variation among counties where the accessions were collected was not significant, indicating that there is not population subdivision according to geographic region. Results indicate that the microsatellites were efficient for the characterization and molecular analysis of genetic divergence. These studies contributed to increase the knowledge related to these genetic resources. SSR primers developed for Cucurbita pepo can be used for molecular characterization of C. argyrosperma and C. ficifolia. Landraces of C. argyrosperma and C. ficifolia showed low genetic variation, while C. pepo shows great variability. The largest proportion of variability in C. pepo is distributed between accessions and not within accessions. / Os recursos genéticos conservados em bancos de germoplasma apresentam grande valor do ponto de vista da conservação de tipos raros, quando os mesmos são ameaçados pelo abandono do cultivo ou como recurso insubstituível para programas de melhoramento genético vegetal. Dentre os acessos contidos nos bancos de germoplasma podem ser encontradas importantes fontes de variabilidade genética para a obtenção de genótipos mais produtivos, tolerantes a estresses bióticos e abióticos e com melhor qualidade nutricional. Para que haja sucesso nessa demanda é necessário que os acessos contidos nos bancos de germoplasma sejam caracterizados e avaliados, tanto em termos de caracteres qualitativos quanto quantitativos. No Brasil, há pouca informação sobre os recursos genéticos de Cucurbitáceas, de modo especial no que se refere à Cucurbita argyrosperma e Cucurbita ficifolia. Grande número de variedades locais de Cucurbita cultivadas no país poderiam ser melhor exploradas como fontes de genes para programas de melhoramento, após a devida caracterização. Muito da diversidade genética das variedades locais de diferentes espécies de Cucurbita cultivadas no Sul do Brasil vem sendo perdida devido ao abandono do cultivo ou à sua substituição por variedades híbridas comerciais. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo geral de contribuir para o conhecimento relacionado aos recursos genéticos de Cucurbita argyrosperma, C. ficifolia e C. pepo, e objetivos específicos de avaliar a transferibilidade de loci de microssatélites de C. pepo para C. argyrosperma e C. ficifolia; e avaliar a variabilidade genética entre e dentro de variedades locais de C. pepo cultivadas no Rio Grande do Sul por meio da análise de marcadores microssatélites. Foram analisados dez acessos de C. pepo, nove de C. argyrosperma e cinco de C. ficifolia do acervo do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Cucurbitáceas da Embrapa Clima Temperado. A distância genética entre esses acessos foi determinada. A transferibilidade de locos SSR de C. pepo para C. argyrosperma e C. ficifolia foi de 85% e 80%, respectivamente. A análise dos 24 acessos de Cucurbita por meio de 35 loci SSR gerou um total de 105 marcadores SSR, com variação de um a quatro alelos por loco, dos quais 56 (53,33%) foram polimórficos, evidenciando que há diversidade genética entre os acessos analisados. Através dos dados de presença e ausência de marcadores obtidos com 34 combinações de primers, foram encontrados 100 locos com variação de um a cinco alelos por loco, com média geral de três alelos por marcador analisado. Dentre os 40 locos analisados, 29 (85,3%) foram polimórficos, evidenciando que há variabilidade genética entre os acessos de C. pepo analisados. A avaliação dos dados moleculares foi feita pela análise molecular da variância (AMOVA). Deste modo, foi possível verificar que 54,60% da variabilidade genética é atribuída à variação entre acessos e 45,39% é atribuída a diferenças dentro dos acessos. Foi feita a análise comparativa entre os dez acessos estudados, analisados dois a dois, pela análise AMOVA. Das 45 comparações entre os dez acessos, foram significativas as diferenças entre 35 delas, com média de 57,10% da variação molecular atribuída às diferenças entre acessos. A variação genética entre os municípios onde os acessos foram coletados não foi significativa, indicando que não ocorre subdivisão de populações em função da região geográfica. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os microssatélites foram eficientes para a caracterização molecular e a análise da divergência genética. É possível utilizar primers de microssatélites desenvolvidos para C. pepo na caracterização molecular de C. argyrosperma e C. ficifolia. Variedades locais de C. argyrosperma e C. ficifolia apresentam pouca variabilidade genética, enquanto que C. pepo evidencia grande variabilidade genética. A maior proporção da variabilidade em C. pepo encontra-se distribuída entre os acessos, e não dentro dos acessos.

Development of sustainable manufacturing and conservation of primary materials are the key challenges to environmental degradation and climate change. Recycling of primary materials is one of the approaches suggested for sustainable green manufacturing. In the present study, an attempt has been made to encompass both these concepts, i.e. recycling of waste machined chips of magnesium and development of sustainable manufacturing process. Chips generated during machining operations are of significant importance; they dissipate the heat from the work-piece and control the quality of the finished products. In recent years researchers have shown that by controlled machining it is possible to tailor size, shape and microstructure of chips and this has added new dimensions to the utility of these machined chips. Chips in the form of thin strips, rods, very fine powders with varying aspect ratio have been successfully machined with grain structure having nano size (~80nm) to submicron size. Consolidation of such machined chips and subsequent fabrication of products is of great interest from the point of view of sustainable manufacturing. Consolidation of machined chips by cold compaction followed by hot extrusion was proposed and has been termed as solid state recycling (SSR). This alternative method of manufacturing using machined chips circumvents melting and casting. Although several materials have been tried by this route, magnesium appears to be the most investigated material. Being lightest among the structural materials, magnesium and its alloys have wide ranging applications especially in automotive industry. Further, magnesium melting is cumbersome and environmentally hazardous which necessitates researchers to explore methods of overcoming the melting route. In this pursuit, SSR appears to be a choice for a soft material like magnesium whose products are fabricated by conventional processing techniques which include cold compaction followed by hot extrusion. Most of the work in literature with regard to SSR of magnesium has been centered around development of new alloys and their characterisation at room and elevated temperatures. Effect of oxide contaminants has also been widely studied. However, studies on microstructural evolution during processing (i.e. microstructure prior to and after extrusion) have not been reported. Further, such studies with pure metal is important since it is possible to separate the effect of secondary phases including precipitates which are otherwise present in alloys of Mg. Hence, commercial grade pure magnesium is the material of interest in the present work. Process of consolidation includes room temperature compaction followed by hot extrusion. The aim of the present work includes: Consolidation of machined chips of magnesium into billets by cold compaction at room temperature followed by hot extrusion, Microstructural characterisation of these cold compacted billets prior to and after extrusion, Evaluation of mechanical properties after extrusion at different temperatures. Correlating the mechanical properties with microstructure. In the present study mechanical properties evaluated include: strength properties (hardness, tensile and compressive properties), and damping properties As-cast billet of pure magnesium was turned in a lathe to produce chips at ambient conditions. The chips were cold compacted into billets of 28 mm diameter at a pressure of 350 MPa and held for 30 minutes. The billets of compacted chips (referred here as CC) were later extruded at four different temperatures, viz. 250, 300, 350 and 400°C, with an extrusion ratio of 49:1. Prior to extrusion, the CC was soaked at the desired extrusion temperature for 1 hour. Here, extrusions of compacted chips are designated as CCE (chip compacted and extruded). For comparison, the as-cast billet was extruded under similar conditions and is designated as AE (as-cast and extruded). The extruded rods had a diameter of 4 mm. Microstructural characterisation was done prior to and after extrusion, which forms the first part of the thesis. The extruded rods were characterised for their room temperature strength properties in the second part of the thesis. In the third and last part, damping properties were characterised as a function of time and temperature. Microstructural changes at the end of temperature sweep tests were also examined. Optical microscopy did not reveal the grain structure of CC due to the intense strains associated with chip formation and subsequent cold compaction. However, chip boundaries were found randomly oriented and tri-junctions were found to be porous. The CC showed a relative density of 95.4% and this happens to be the highest amongst the values reported in literature for SSR machined chips. TEM images of CC revealed an average grain size of 0.75µm. Synopsis CCs were soaked at extrusion temperature and quenched to unravel the microstructure that exists prior to extrusion. Grain size and hardness measurements indicate that the material was recrystallised prior to extrusion. Bulk texture estimated from X-ray diffraction, showed weak crystallographic textures. The CC had a typical texture with c-axis aligned along the compaction direction which subsequently got randomised during soaking (pre-heating at extrusion temperature). After extrusion, the 250°C extruded AE had slightly stronger texture than CCE: with clear preference for < 1010 > and < 1120 > plane normals. High working temperatures removed such preference and made the textures randomised for both AE and CCE. In-grain misorientations and the relative presence of the twins, estimated from EBSD scans show a clear pattern for higher in-grain misorientations in CCE compared to AE. The values for AE at higher extrusion temperatures approached that of fully recrystallised magnesium. Higher twin fraction in AE was attributed to its relatively larger grain size compared to CCE. The chip boundaries that were randomly oriented before extrusion appeared aligned along the extrusion direction after extrusion. On the contrary AE had an equiaxed structure. Both longitudinal and transverse section micrographs showed pronounced chip boundaries in the 250°C extruded CCE while it was no so pronounced in the case of 400°C extruded material. Density measurements showed 98.6% relative density for 250°C extruded CCE as compared to 99.9% densification achieved in 400°C extruded CCE. Dislocation density estimated using Variance method from the peaks of the X-ray diffraction data showed higher values for CCE compared to AE. Dislocation density reduced with increase in extrusion temperature. For comparison extruded rods were annealed at 250°C for 2 hours and their dislocation density was estimated. Vickers hardness indentations were done at low load (25g) and higher load (200g). Both showed decreasing values with increase in extrusion temperature. Grain size dependent hardness variation followed the Hall-Petch relationship. CCE showed higher hardness compared to AE. Room temperature tensile test showed higher 0.2% tensile proof stress (TPS) in CCE material and obeyed the grain size dependent Hall-Petch relationship, though the strain to failure was poor. CCE extruded at 250°C showed fibrous fracture surface and was different from the rest of the CCEs with evidence of shearing at chip boundaries before fracture. Synopsis The rest of the CCEs had a typical fracture surface which was similar to AE material. Strain hardening behaviour, measured in terms of hardening exponent (n), hardening capacity (Hc) and hardening rate (θ) was quiet different for CCE compared to AE. Room temperature compression test showed different kind of failure for 250°C extruded CCE with longitudinal splitting (de-bonding at chip boundaries) and shearing at an angle to loading direction. The rest of the CCEs failed in a typical manner similar to AE material. The 0.2% compressive proof stress (CPS) as a function of grain size obeyed the Hall-Petch relationship for AE while the fit was not so good for CCE. Moreover, except 400°C extruded CCE (CPS was higher by ~22%) the rest of the CCEs had lower CPS compared to AE despite having finer grain size. This was contrary to the TPS and hardness findings wherein CCE was consistently higher compared to AE owing to grain refinement. Density measurements showed presence of 1.4%, 0.8% and 0.5% porosity in 250°, 300° and 350°C extruded CCE samples respectively. Prompted by density, hardness and TPS findings, the CPS values were back-calculated using the Hall-Petch relationship of AE. The back-calculated CPS values of CCE were higher than corresponding AE. Strength asymmetry, measured as a ratio of compressive proof stress to tensile proof stress was higher in CCE compared to AE. Damping capacity (tanφ) and dynamic modulus were determined as a function of time (tested upto 30 minutes) and temperature (from RT to 300°C) at a constant frequency (5 Hz). CCE material displayed higher tanφ during time and temperature sweep tests (by 10-15%) with CCE extruded at 250° showing the highest values. Dynamic modulus was comparable for both the materials (with less than 5% difference) though, modulus was higher in materials extruded at higher temperature. Microstructural changes were examined at the end of temperature sweep test, both at the point of loading and away from the point of loading. A significant grain growth was observed in region under the loading point (in a 3-point bending set-up) and was insignificant at regions away from the loading point. Coarsening was low in CCE material on account of suppression at chip boundaries. Microstructure of CCE and AE specimens subjected to similar heating conditions but without loading showed no such coarsening.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-11-11T23:45:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Soniane.pdf: 4275209 bytes, checksum: ccb64680a02e7e062aaddf493949e519 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-11T23:45:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Soniane.pdf: 4275209 bytes, checksum: ccb64680a02e7e062aaddf493949e519 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-25 / The objectives of this study were to obtain and evaluate interspecific hybrids of the genus Psidiumto resistance to M. enterolobii and analyze the genetic variability of accessions of guava and ara?azeiros of the active germplasm bank of Embrapa Semi-Arid based on microsatellites, to guide genetic resources and breeding programs, emphasizing crosses of guava with other Psidium species.The crosses were performed when the calyx ruptured on the flower buds. When the plants reached15 to 20 cm tall, they were inoculated with a suspension containing 10,000 nematode eggs. Four months after inoculation, the soils were removed from the plants for individual evaluation of the number of galls, number of eggs and reproduction factor (RF). Genotyping was performed with two and 13 microsatellite loci in hybrids and Psidium accessions, respectively. Total DNA was extracted by the CTAB 2x method and PCR products were analyzed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel 6%, stained with silver nitrate. Interspecific hybrids between GUA 161 PE P guajava x ARA 138 RR P. guineensewere highly tolerant to nematodes, with growth similar to the guava, and demonstrated high compatibility when grafted with the cultivar 'Paluma'. The 61 accessionsPsidiumaccessions showed similarity coefficient ranging from 0.75 to 1.00 and the dendrogram presented co-phenetic value of 0.85. Genetic variability was considered high ?ST=0.238 and it was observed formation of five groups at a cutoff of 83% similarity. The genetic similarity among P.guineense and some guava accessions were above 80%, suggesting greater possibility to obtain interespecific hybrids among these two species. / Os objetivos deste trabalho foram obter e avaliar h?bridos interespec?ficos do g?nero Psidium para resist?ncia ao M. enterolobii e analisar a variabilidade gen?tica de acessos de goiabeiras e ara?azeiros do banco ativo de germoplasma da Embrapa Semi?rido, com base em microssat?lites, para fornecer subs?dios para programas de recursos gen?ticos e de melhoramento com ?nfase para cruzamentos de goiabeira com outras esp?cies do g?nero Psidium.Os cruzamentos foram realizados quando os bot?es florais apresentavam ruptura do c?lice.Quando as plantas atingiram 15 a 20 cm de altura, foi realizada a inocula??o com suspens?o contendo 10.000 ovos do nematoide. Quatro meses ap?s a inocula??o, foi removido o solo das plantas para avalia??o individual para n?mero de galhas, n?mero de ovos e fator de reprodu??o (FR). A genotipagem foi feita com dois e 13 locos de microssat?lites, nos h?bridos e nos acessos de Psidium. O DNA total foi extra?do pelo m?todo CTAB 2x e os produtos de PCR foram analisados em gel de poliacrilamida desnaturante 6% e corados com nitrato de prata. H?bridos interespec?ficos entre GUA 161 PE de P. guajava x ARA 138 RR de P. guineense foram altamente resistentes ao nematoide, apresentando crescimento similar ao da goiabeira, e demonstrado alta compatibilidade quando enxertada com a cultivar ?Paluma?.Os 61 acessos de Psidium apresentaram coeficiente de similaridade variando de 0,75 a 1,00. O dendrograma apresentou valor co-fen?tico de 0,85. A variabilidade gen?tica foi considerada alta 0,238(?ST)e observou-se forma??o de cinco grupos no ponto de corte de 83% de similaridade.A similaridade gen?tica entre P. guineense e alguns acessos de goiabeira foi superior a 80%, indicando maior possibilidade de sucesso em cruzamentos interespec?ficos entre essas duas esp?cies.

This work deals with construction of an embedded system with remote access, whitch controls computers in the same network in order to reduce their energy consumption. For this purpose is used the WakeOnLAN technique. The device also uses two power components called SSR and  these are used for switching AC power to them attached appliances. The work discusses the TCP/IP architecture, system design and finally the firmware implementation.

Orientador: Lilian Madi-Ravazzi / Resumo: Drosophila prosaltans e Drosophila austrosaltans, do grupo saltans de Drosophila, são espécies neotropicais com distribuição em áreas florestais da América Central e do Sul e que podem ser encontradas em simpatria. A literatura sobre o grupo saltans de Drosophila é escassa e muitos trabalhos não são tão recentes. Assim, poucas são as informações disponíveis sobre os aspectos biológicos de ambas as espécies. Para D. prosaltans, existem trabalhos de isolamento reprodutivo, estrutura e polimorfismo cromossômico que apontam uma diferenciação de suas populações, entretanto, as informações em relação à diferenciação populacional de D. austrosaltans são praticamente inexistentes. Tal fato nos motivou a investigar os padrões de diversidade genética populacional dessas espécies provenientes de diferentes fitofisionomias de Mata Atlântica utilizando os microssatélites como marcador molecular. Foram desenvolvidos oligonucleotídeos de microssatélites específicos para D. prosaltans, cuja transferibilidade testada para D. austrosaltans mostrou resultados positivos. Identificamos na análise de 12 locos para D. prosaltans, uma alta heterozigosidade média (Ho = 0.45 ± 0.03) e uma diferenciação genética populacional moderada (Fst = 0.17 ± 0.02). Foi observada a formação de dois agrupamentos genéticos distintos nas populações de D. prosaltans, que não se correlacionam com a distribuição regional ou de fitofisionomia das populações, podendo esse padrão ser decorrente de características ecológica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Drosophila prosaltans and Drosophila austrosaltans, from the Drosophila saltans group, are neotropical species with distribution in forest areas of Central and South America and that can be sympatric. The literature on the Drosophila saltans group is scarce and many works are not so recent. Thus, little information is available on the biological aspects of both species. For D. prosaltans, there are works of reproductive isolation, structure and chromosomal polymorphism that point to a differentiation of its populations, however, the information regarding the population differentiation of D. austrosaltans is practically nonexistent. This fact motivated us to investigate the patterns of population genetic diversity of these species from different Atlantic Forest phytophysiognomies using microsatellites as a molecular marker. Microsatellite oligonucleotides specific for D. prosaltans were developed, whose transferability tested for D. austrosaltans showed positive results. In the analysis of 12 loci for D. prosaltans, we identified a high mean heterozygosity (Ho = 0.45 ± 0.03) and a moderate population genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.17 ± 0.02). The formation of two distinct genetic groups was observed in D. prosaltans populations, which do not correlate with the regional or phytophysiognomic distribution of the populations, and this pattern may be due to ecological characteristics, shared ancestral polymorphism, recurrent mutation and genetic drift (founder effect). The succes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The aim tis work was study of diversity in carrot (Daucus carota), the analysis of the homogeneity of the parent material, the evaluation of the success of the crossing, and the resolution of the sterile and fertile genotypes of the samples used in crossing. Four hybrid carrot varieties and 12 lines were analyzed, four of which were sterile (CMS), with ten SSR markers and six CMS markers. Based on the calculated statistical values of DI, PI and PIC, the markers were highly variable. A total of 45 alleles were detected, with a mean of 4.5 alleles per locus and 4 zero alleles. The size of the allele ranged between 180 and 380 bp. The success rate of the crossing was evaluated, when the crossing of the Koloseum variety was evaluated as the most successful. Four SSR markers have been recommended as suitable for further study of the diversity and success rate of carrot crosses, namely GSSR-6, GSSR-16, GSSR-91 and GSSR-9. CMS markers successfully identified the sterile and fertile lines at one crossing (variety Koloseum) by Atp8 marker.

Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie är att undersöka hur skönlitteratur, i svenskämnet för gymnasiet, kan användas för att belysa (SSR) värdegrundsrelaterade frågor. Frågeställningarna som används handlar om hur sexualitet, samtycke och relationer belyses i skönlitteratur samt hur de kan användas i svenskämnesundervisning med hjälp av skönlitteratur. För att besvara syftet, med hjälp av frågeställningarna, analyseras sju vetenskapliga artiklar med hjälp av en latent innehållsanalys. Slutsatsen att den autonomi som lärare har vad det gäller att välja skönlitteratur innebär ett stort ansvar. Det är, enligt tidigare forskning och enligt denna studie, fullt möjligt att använda skönlitteratur till hjälp vid att belysa värdegrundsrelaterade begrepp. Det är dock tydligt att fenomenet samtycke är något som behöver belysas ytterligare ur skönlitterära perspektivfenomenen och för att ge yrkesverksamma lärare och personal i skolor mer information om de nya värdegrundsrelaterade begreppen sexualitet, samtycke och relationer.

The share of electricity generation in the power system being based on power electronics is increasing, which will impact the system in different ways, such as an increased risk for undesired interactions. An example is doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based windfarms which have been shown to present negative resistance in (parts of) the sub-synchronous range (i.e., below the system frequency of 50 or 60 Hz). If such a wind farm is radially connected (deliberately or not) to a series compensated line, undamped or poorly damped sub-synchronous oscillations could occur due to sub-synchronous resonance. One possible cause of such interactions is related to the wind farm control system, and in such cases, the interaction between the wind farm and system leading to sub-synchronous oscillations is referred to as sub-synchronous control interaction (SSCI). This thesis aims to describe different types of so-called sub-synchronous oscillations, with a focus on SSCI. An investigation is performed to find out under what circumstances there is a risk of SSCI, and how one can evaluate this risk. Different methods of obtaining the impedance of non-linear systems (e.g., a wind farm) are discussed, with the method used in this thesis being a dynamic impedance scan. The dynamic impedance scan is implemented in PSCAD and uses a voltage (or current) perturbation of one frequency at a time and measures the current (or voltage) response at that frequency, subsequently giving the impedance as the voltage/current ratio. Combined with the impedance of the grid, screening studies were performed to identify the risk of SSCI under different conditions. A 200 MW photovoltaic (PV) farm is designed and implemented in PSCAD. The PV farm is connected to the same bus as a 200 MW DFIG wind farm, resulting in a hybrid wind and PV farm. The hybrid wind and PV farm is in turn connected to a series compensated transmission system made to resemble a typical Swedish system. Functionality is added to the PV farm that enables it to act as a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to damp sub-synchronous oscillations if needed. Simulations are performed in PSCAD showing that the PV farm is able to damp the sub-synchronous oscillations occurring when the wind farm is radially connected with the series compensated line due to a fault, thereby avoiding disconnection or damage to equipment. One of the main conclusions is that assessing the risk of SSCI (screening) is not an exact science, but a highly complex matter. This conclusion is drawn due to contradictory implications given when analysing the measured grid and wind farm impedances. For example, a series resonance point in the combined reactance (grid + wind farm) would suggest that there would be oscillations at this frequency during a fault, but this may not always be the case. The opposite also occurred, i.e., oscillations of a certain frequency occurred even though no series-resonance point was seen in the combined impedance. Nonetheless, the screening method did manage to identify risk cases based on a set of criteria listed in the thesis, although electromagnetic transient analysis (EMT) time-domain simulations should always be performed for verification. The other main conclusion is that a PV farm installed at the point of common coupling (PCC) of a wind farm, i.e., a hybrid wind and PV farm, is able to damp sub-synchronous oscillations by acting as a PV-STATCOM. The use of combined assets, such as utilizing a PV farm to counteract SSCI in a wind farm, means that additional investments, for example in the form of a STATCOM, for this purpose could be avoided.

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