<p>I samband med skolans decentralisering på 1980-talet uppstod det krav på att lärare skulle bli mer professionella i sin yrkesutövning. Då regeringen ställer högre krav på lärarna är det därför nu naturligt att de går lärarna till mötes då det gäller en utredning om lärarauktorisation.</p><p>Vi valde att ställa oss frågan hur lärarfacklig press argumenterar för eller emot en lärarauktorisation för att uppnå det specifika syftet som är: att belysa vad en lärarauktorisation kan betyda för lärarkårens professionaliseringssträvanden.</p><p>I vår empiriska undersökning valde vi att förhålla oss till metoden argumentationsanalys då metoden lämpar sig bra när argument skall lyftas ut och förstås ur tidsskrifter. Mer specifikt valde vi att förhålla oss till modellen orsak-problem-lösning för att få en överblick av och en insikt i argumentationen för eller emot en auktorisering.</p><p>Med hjälp av metoden kom vi fram till att argumenten i hög grad kunde härledas till lärares professionaliseringssträvan mot "social stängning". Detta innebär att en eventuell lärarauktorisation skulle betyda en hel del för lärarkåren, exempelvis att lärarkåren lyckas avgränsa sig gentemot andra yrken och därmed kanske på sikt uppnå högre status.</p>

I samband med skolans decentralisering på 1980-talet uppstod det krav på att lärare skulle bli mer professionella i sin yrkesutövning. Då regeringen ställer högre krav på lärarna är det därför nu naturligt att de går lärarna till mötes då det gäller en utredning om lärarauktorisation. Vi valde att ställa oss frågan hur lärarfacklig press argumenterar för eller emot en lärarauktorisation för att uppnå det specifika syftet som är: att belysa vad en lärarauktorisation kan betyda för lärarkårens professionaliseringssträvanden. I vår empiriska undersökning valde vi att förhålla oss till metoden argumentationsanalys då metoden lämpar sig bra när argument skall lyftas ut och förstås ur tidsskrifter. Mer specifikt valde vi att förhålla oss till modellen orsak-problem-lösning för att få en överblick av och en insikt i argumentationen för eller emot en auktorisering. Med hjälp av metoden kom vi fram till att argumenten i hög grad kunde härledas till lärares professionaliseringssträvan mot "social stängning". Detta innebär att en eventuell lärarauktorisation skulle betyda en hel del för lärarkåren, exempelvis att lärarkåren lyckas avgränsa sig gentemot andra yrken och därmed kanske på sikt uppnå högre status.

This essay aims to investigate the affects of interaction between different professions in a municipal project. In the project, professional representatives from the social services and schools have collaborated with staff in preschool/school and exchanged knowledge to improve the work around children with antisocial behavior. It is in this essays ambition to create an understanding of how professional practitioners, with a monopoly on certain knowledge, influences the possibilities and limitations of cooperation in a municipal project. This is examined through six qualitative interviews with members of an municipal project. By using theories about professionalization, social closure, alliance strategy and social control it is possible to understand how division into professions creates opportunities and limitations of interaction exchange in collaborative projects. The main conclusion is that well-established professions exclude other professions through social closure when they threaten to challenge the established knowledge monopoly. Project members who don’t challenge the established knowledge monopoly are accepted and an alliance between professions occurs. To succeed with the exchange of knowledge in projects between different professions, it is important to establish a common vision which can gather people's different knowledge and professional backgrounds and get them to strive for a common purpose. It is important to establish interaction for making the project members feel belonging and solidarity with the group.

The purpose of the study is to understand whether, and if so why, the Swedish medical profession's position on the availability and shortage of doctors during the 1950s and 1960s could be interpreted as an expression of an overall common mentality within the medical profession. The start and end points of the study (1950 and 1970) cover the emergence of the Swedish welfare state. The emergence of the welfare state is the contextual background to this study and how that influenced the medical profession's social status and perception of the future role of their own profession. The source material for the study is mainly from the Swedish medical journal (Svenska Läkartidningen) and meeting minutes from various Swedish medical organisations, primarily the Swedish Medical Association (Sveriges Läkarförbund). Government public inquiries, government bills and the daily press have also been analysed. The analysis is based on three central proposals for action from the government to secure the future supply of doctors and stem the shortage of doctors. The proposals were the transfer of foreign doctors to Sweden, the expansion of education of doctors and the reorganisation of the Swedish health care system. The study shows that the argumentation from the Swedish medical profession against all proposals from the government consisted of several different rhetorical manoeuvres to exercise social closure. Another conclusion is that until the mid-1960s, both the Swedish Association of Young Doctors and the Swedish Medical Association acted mainly as professional associations, rather than as traditional trade unions regarding the expansion of the medical profession. From the mid-1960s, there are tendencies indicating that the association more began to resemble a traditional trade union. However, professional issues such as improvement in the profession, demands for exclusivity, social status and issues of legitimisation appear to have been more important throughout the period than more traditional trade union issues such as pay, employment conditions and the working environment. The professions' opposition to increasing the number of doctors, regardless of the method proposed by the government and responsible authorities, was characterised by a clear guild spirit. The study shows that the medical organisation arguments against the various proposals were driven by union strategies, attitudes, and norms and in some cases ideology. The mentality of medical professional representatives and individual doctors was influenced by the professional status of the medical profession with inherent norms and attitudes based on the doctors' self-perceived expertise and scientifically anchored professional identity. A central conclusion from the study is that the main rhetorical line of the professional representatives was that more doctors were neither desirable nor needed in the medical profession and therefore most of the arguments against an expanded medical profession were based on some form of protectionism. This was justified by the profession by using historical analogies and by conducting their own 'objective and scientific' investigations. A right-wing based criticism of society at the time and a fundamentally conservative view of the economy, the tax system and the expansion of the welfare state also served as rhetorical tools from the medical profession in the debate on the shortage of doctors.

Many social workers that are working within the current healthcare system, feel that their profession is being marginalized, and they are worried that the social perspective might be lost, which would affect both the healthcare system and the patient in an undesirable way. This is a situation that is described by the social workers that were interviewed for the work of this assay. There is a proposition about a special legitimisation for social workers within the healthcare system. The main aim of this proposition is to secure the patient safety.  A second aim is to secure that the social perspective will remain with in the healthcare system.   The governance of the public sector of today, focuses on increasing the efficiency by control and review of measurable goals, which has affected the professionals' use of their skills and lead to de-professionalization. In today's knowledge management, measurable treatment through manuals is seemingly more important than professional competence, which has weakened the curators' profession role in healthcare. This picture is clearly stated in this essay's empirical study and is confirmed by the literature studied.   The trust delegation has the task to develop a reform that will better use the employees' skills so that the Swedish citizens receive their needed services through trust-based governance. The proposed introduction of legitimisation and the work of the trust delegation can both lead to changes for the social workers and the social perspective. For the social workers, the proposal raises hope. A legitimisation might strengthen their occupational role and at the same time indicate that the social perspective in healthcare is a specific and necessary area, which can lead to the development of the profession's jurisdiction.