A tese aborda a noção de presença cênica, ao relacioná-la à prática de jogos no processo criativo, com ênfase nas construções poética do ator, no qual são levantadas questões autoetnográficas acerca do objeto. Trata-se de um estudo sobre as proximidades entre a presença cênica e o jogo na articulação das relações que o ator estabelece em cena. Para chegar a esse propósito, o estudo parte do reconhecimento da presença cênica nas poéticas de três pedagogos teatrais: Stanislavski, Brecht e Eugenio Barba, que se dedicaram a discutir diferentes concepções das relações entre ator e espectador na criação cênica. A partir disso, experimenta-se uma aproximação com a teoria do jogo, especialmente no que converge ao processo criativo, o qual se traduz em um reconhecimento do ator em sua natureza como jogador. Partindo dessa ideia, aproxima-se da metodologia desenvolvida por Alexandre del Perugia, para estabelecer aproximações entre a presença cênica e o jogo. A tese se conclui com a reflexão pessoal sobre as tensões e aproximações autoetnográficas que permitiram convergir essas noções como elementos fundamentais para uma poética como ator, na qual o seu autor encontra-se implicado. Finalmente, o estudo aponta possíveis caminhos a se pensar numa prática voltada para a presença cênica. / Cette thèse aborde la notion de présence scénique dans son rapport à la pratique du jeu au sein du processus créatif. Elle met l'accent sur les constructions poétiques de l'acteur qui soulèvent des questions auto-ethnographiques sur cet objet. Il s'agit d'une étude des points de rapprochement entre la présence scénique et le jeu, dans l'articulation des relations que l'acteur établit sur scène. Pour ce faire, nous partons de l'observation de la présence scénique dans la poétique de trois pédagogues du théâtre : Stanislavski, Brecht et Eugenio Barba, qui se sont attachés à l'étude de différentes conceptions des relations entre l'acteur et le spectateur dans la création scénique. A partir de là, nous tentons d'effectuer un rapprochement avec la théorie du jeu, notamment en ce qui touche au processus de création, se traduisant par une reconnaissance chez l'acteur de sa nature de joueur. De cette idée émane une mise en rapport avec la méthodologie développée par Alexandre del Perugia, dans la recherche d'éléments de conjonction entre la présence scénique et le jeu. La thèse se conclut par une réflexion personnelle sur les tensions et rapprochements auto-ethnographiques ; celle-ci nous a en effet permis de faire converger ces notions en tant qu'éléments fondamentaux à l'élaboration d'une poétique de l'acteur, dans laquelle nous sommes engagé. Enfin, cette étude indique de possibles chemins à explorer en vue d'une pédagogie du théâtre tournée vers la présence scénique.

Syftet med denna studie är att få en större inblick i, och förståelse av, min egen instuderings- och interpretationsprocess, samt att utveckla densamma för att bli friare i mitt musikaliska uttryck. Jag hämtar inspiration från litteratur som beskriver Konstantin Stanislavskijs metoder samt annan litteratur som bland annat behandlar ämnena instudering, interpretation, inlevelse och kroppens kommunikation. Därefter utforskar jag de metoderna och verktygen i mitt eget arbete med repertoar. Processen dokumenteras genom loggbok samt videodokumentation av mina övningstillfällen. Resultatet visar att en detaljerad inre scenografi ökar min förmåga att vara närvarande i musiken och därmed sjunga mer uttrycksfullt. Jag upplever även att sångtekniken kommer mer naturligt och det blir lättare att sjunga. / The purpose of this independent project is to get a greater insight in, and understanding of, my own process of learning and interpret songs, as well as develop it towards greater freedom in my musical expression. I examine literature on subjects such as Konstantin Stanislavskij’s methods as well as literature regarding learning process, interpretation, ability to imagine and physical communication. After reading, I explore the methods and tools when working with my own repertoire. The process is documented through a diary and video recordings from practicing. The results show that a detailed inner scenography increases my ability to stay present in the music and sing with more expression. I also experience that the singing technique comes to me more naturally and it becomes easier to sing.

Cette étude aborde le thème de la quête de vérité menée par l’acteur. Partant du « paradoxe de l’acteur » qui met en lumière la tension qui se joue entre Forme et Spontanéité, ainsi que sa difficulté à être simultanément artiste et œuvre d’art. Or une recherche comparative sur le théâtre Occidental/Oriental, et d’autres sources telles que les pensées de Georges Gurdjieff et de François Delsarte nous ont conduit à considérer le travail du comédien d’un point de vue trinitaire, en prenant en compte les trois éléments essentiels que sont son corps, son émotion et son esprit. La quête de vérité que mène l’acteur tout au long de sa vie doit s’enraciner dans une compréhension de sa propre nature trinitaire et d’un éventuel manque d’harmonie qui peut résulter dans des comportements automatiques et stéréotypés. Cette vision nous a servi de base pour mener une étude de la pensée de certains grands réformateurs du théâtre du XXe siècle. Ainsi, les méthodes de Jerzy Grotowski et d’Etienne Decroux sont analysées à partir des approches de l’organicité et de l'artificialité selon la perspective de Grotowski. Notre but est de trouver une possible complémentarité entre les travaux de ces deux investigateurs, dans la quête de l’équilibre du trinôme corps-émotion-esprit. Finalement, l’acteur doit cultiver simultanément ses trois centres pour unifier le créateur, l’artisan et la matière de son œuvre, et retrouver ainsi sa vraie Présence sur scène. / This study begins with the actor’s quest for truth. Starting from the « actor’s paradox » which shines light on the tension that plays between Form and Spontaneity, and the difficulty of being simultaneously artist and work of art. A comparative research of Occidental/Oriental theatre, and other sources such as the thoughts of George Gurdjieff and François Delsarte led us to consider the work of the actor from the point of Trinitarian view, taking into account the three essential elements that are his body, his emotion and his mind. The quest for the truth that drives the actor has to begin with the comprehension of his own nature of this human trinity; before the understanding of its fragmentation, that is, the lack of harmony that can exist between these three principle functions and the danger of falling into automatic and stereotypic behaviors and reactions. This study allows us to observe the thought of certain great theatre reformers of the 20th century. Therefore, methods of Jerzy Grotowski and Etienne Decroux are analyzed using approaches of organicity and artificiality from the perspective of Grotowski. Our objective is to find a possible complementarity between the works of these two researchers in the quest for balance of the trinity body/emotion/intellect. Finally, the actor must simultaneously cultivate the three centers in order to unify the creator, the artisan and the matter of his work, and find his true presence on stage.

This artistic research project is an explorative study in new forms of expression of Swedish folk singing in a scenic context, exploring expressive qualities in traditional Swedish folk song from the point of view of the folk singer as a creative performer. The fundamental research question is how, in a scenic context, can space be given to what is a characteristic quality of traditional folk song, namely creative interpretation in the moment, through variation and improvisation using the song as a concept rather than a fixed work. How can this view be expressed in a staged concert form that enhances the perception of the music being created in the moment? How can the aesthetic qua- lities and forms of variation and improvisation that are inherent to traditional folk singing be explored?The artistic exploration has been performed through five productions/projects, each one with its own specific theme: ReBoot/OmStart – en folksångperformance, Kurbits-Koral, The Spirit of the Moment – en musikhändelse, Getens horn – en musikskapelse, Voice Space – Röstrymd, Kulning – en utsmyckning av oändligheten. The thesis focuses on two aspects of the knowledge that has been developed in the artistic work, namely the processes for creating the work and the artistic concepts used to explore the question artistically.In ReBoot/OmStart the subtle forms of variation typical of traditional Swedish folk singing are explored within the frame of a concert consisting of one continuous set, a folk song performance. In this work principles of varia- tion for music and lyrics that are typical for Swedish traditional folk singing are explored, as well as new concepts for associative variation in the performance. This includes improvised combinations of different melodies as well as utilizing the frame story of a ballad as the ground for the performance rather than a specific ballad text.Kurbits-Koral has been inspired by traditional folk hymns, historical evidence of traditional folk hymn sing- ing, by the role of sacred folk song in traditional contexts and from folk polyphony. It can be viewed as a prac- tical exploration of the dimension of polyphony – monophony in folk vocal performance. This concert-perfor- mance also explores a form for interactive performance where the boundary between the audience/auditorium and the artists/stage is challenged, based upon the idea that the audience and the artists are jointly involved in a musical ritual or story-telling – the concert as a musical happening.Getens horn is an ensemble performance of entirely original music, which uses the form of an associative musi- cal narration in a scenic context that was developed in the previous concert projects. The lyrics of the songs ori- ginate from traditional and new stories about creation, how everything came about. It can be viewed as a musical saga, but not in the sense of a coherent literary narrative, rather as a musical narration, an associative web.In Voice Space traditional folk singing meets live electronics in a scenic space, where the interplay between live electronics and voice/instruments creates the possibility for an associative musical narration, a Voice Space. Can the fixed, static nature of a loop pedal and the flexibility of traditional folk singing voice introduce a creative tension? Voice Space can be regarded as a playful exploration of illusions and expectations within dimensions such as space, polyphony-monophony and improvisation-composition.Kulning explores the pedagogical and artistic applications of kulning as a vocal expression, in terms of style and vocal technique. How can the art of kulning as a form for vocal and artistic expression be explored pedago- gically, from a performance perspective?The result of this doctoral project consists first and foremost of the individual works, as documented in recordings/films, a book and in ‘musical scripts’, but also of the creative methods and artistic musical concepts that have been revealed by reflective analyses documented in the written thesis. In particular, concepts and methods stimulating improvisation, variation, presence and creation in the performance have been explored, from the point of view of the song as a concept and the folk singer as a creative performer. The written thesis can be regarded complementary to the performances, and is in itself an analysis of artistic processes, methods and concepts, placed in a theoretical framework relating to concepts such as orality-literacy, performance, flow and artistic expression.