Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-11-20T11:30:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rodrigo Oliveira Ximenes - 2015.pdf: 2805464 bytes, checksum: 3db0830c6be45f0a18bce9e51c4f9a7c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-11-20T11:35:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rodrigo Oliveira Ximenes - 2015.pdf: 2805464 bytes, checksum: 3db0830c6be45f0a18bce9e51c4f9a7c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-20T11:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rodrigo Oliveira Ximenes - 2015.pdf: 2805464 bytes, checksum: 3db0830c6be45f0a18bce9e51c4f9a7c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Introduction: Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune connective tissue disease of unknown etiology characterized by fibrosis and inflammation. The gastrointestinal tract is affected in 90% of patients and the esophagus is the most affected organ. Objectives: Analyze the esophagus-gastroduodenal changes, through endoscopy in patients with systemic sclerosis. Describe the esophagus-gastroduodenal endoscopic alterations found. To verify the association between esophagus-gastroduodenal endoscopic changes, clinical forms of systemic sclerosis and autoantibodies. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study that studied 20 patients older than 18 years with systemic sclerosis diagnosis. Patients underwent endoscopy and epidemiological data were collected from medical records. Endoscopic findings were described and associated with data. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program for Windows, version 16.0. The Fisher Exact test was used to compare variables. A significance level value of 5% (p<0.05) was used. Results: The mean age of the patients was 45.65 years (29-67 years). Eighteen patients were female and the mean disease duration was 6.94 years. Sixteen patients (80%) had one or more esophageal abnormalities, one being stricken with esophageal stenosis. Of the nineteen patients who had gastric and duodenal evaluation performed, all had one or more gastric involvement and five patients had duodenal abnormality. The salivary stasis and esophageal hiatal hernia were the most frequent esophageal abnormalities, followed by esophagitis. The mild enanthematous gastritis in antrum was the most common gastric change followed by moderate enanthematous pangastritis and enlarged cardia. The most common duodenal change was the mild enanthematous bulboduodenite. Half of the patients had diffuse systemic sclerosis and half had limited systemic sclerosis. Fifteen patients were antinuclear factor positive. The association between the data collected and endoscopic changes did not show statistical significance, except for the association between salivary stasis and the limited clinical form of systemic sclerosis. Conclusions: Patients with systemic sclerosis have esophageal, gastric and duodenal endoscopic Abstract xx A changes. Associations are not found between gastric and duodenal endoscopic manifestations and clinical forms of the disease. Esophageal salivary stasis is associated with limited clinical form of systemic sclerosis. There is no association between the esophagus-gastroduodenal endoscopic manifestations and the presence of autoantibodies / A esclerose sistêmica (ES) é uma doença auto-imune do tecido conjuntivo, de etiologia desconhecida, caracterizada por fibrose e inflamação. O trato gastrointestinal esta acometido em até 90% dos pacientes, sendo o esôfago o órgão mais atingido. Objetivos: Analisar as alterações esôfago-gastroduodenais, por meio de endoscopia digestiva alta, nos pacientes com esclerose sistêmica. Descrever as alterações endoscópicas esôfago-gastroduodenais encontradas. Verificar a associação entre as alterações endoscópicas esôfago-gastroduodenais, as formas clínicas da esclerose sistêmica e os auto-anticorpos, nos pacientes estudados. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo de 20 pacientes, maiores do que 18 anos, com diagnóstico de esclerose sistêmica. Os pacientes foram submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta e os dados epidemiológicos foram coletados nos prontuários. Os achados endoscópicos foram descritos e associados com os dados coletados. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo programa SPSS® for Windows®, versão 16.0. O teste Exato de Fisher foi utilizados para comparação das variáveis. Foi utilizado como nível de significância o valor 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes era de 45,65 anos (29-67 anos). Dezoito pacientes eram do sexo feminino e a duração média da doença era de 6,94 anos. Dezesseis pacientes (80%) apresentaram uma ou mais alterações esofágicas, sendo um deles acometido de estenose esofágica. Dos 19 pacientes que tiveram a avaliação gástrica e duodenal realizadas, todos apresentaram um ou mais acometimento gástrico e cinco pacientes apresentaram alteração duodenal. A estase salivar esofágica e a hérnia de hiato por deslizamento foram as alterações esofágicas mais encontradas, seguidas da esofagite. A gastrite enantematosa leve de antro foi a alteração gástrica mais frequente, seguida da pangastrite enantematosa moderada e do cárdia alargado. A alteração duodenal mais frequente foi a bulboduodenite enantematosa leve. Metade dos pacientes eram portadores da forma difusa e metade eram portadores da forma limitada. Quinze pacientes apresentavam FAN positivos. As associações entre os dados coletados e as alterações endoscópicas não mostraram significado estatístico, com exceção da associação entre a estase salivar e a forma limitada. Conclusões: Pacientes com esclerose sistêmica apresentam alterações endoscópicas esofágicas, gástricas e duodenais. Não são observadas associações entre as manifestações endoscópicas gástricas e duodenais e as formas clínicas da doença. A estase salivar esofágica está associada à forma clínica limitada da esclerose sistêmica. Não há associação entre as manifestações endoscópicas esôfago-gastroduodenais e a presença de auto-anticorpos.

Master essäen publicerades som bok och var tillgänglig på utställningen 'Beyond Zero'. Performancet 'Spending time to draw Time utfördesvarje gång någon ville ha en kopia. I performancet ritar jag en punkt efter \"Frozen time=\" och en linje efter \"Time\" på sidorna 20-21. Jag änvänder min egen tid för att rita \'tid\'. Varje exemplar är unik och numrerad, eftersom ingen linje eller punkt någonsin är identisk. / [I examensarbetet ingår utställningen "Beyond Zero":] Jag ser historien som en oändlig upprepelse av konstruktion och destruktion. Nästan alla städer med sina byggnader, torn och fabriker som byggs upp, rivs förr eller senare ner. Det kan bero på naturkatastrofer, krig, förödelse eller att något inte längre behövs därför att ideer och concept i ett samhälle förändras. Vad som blir kvar är skal och ruiner eller frusna/icke genomförda byggnadsprojekt och monument. M.a.o. döda objekt/verktyg som tillhör en annan tid. Historien handlar också om vad vi väljer att synliggöra och osynliggöra. Många ställen där dramatiska grejer har hänt, har helt byggts om så att alla spår av en tragedi eller hemsk historia raderas bort. Varför väljer vi att ta bort vissa grejer och att förstärka synligheten av andra? Detta synliggörandet och osynliggörandet av historien är ett tema som jag har jobbat med i min slututställning genom performance, ljudverk och skulpturer. Till exempel genom att undersöka dom negativa och positiva fälten i ett objekt. Eller genom att något fragilt och lätt transformeras till något tungt och kompakt och vice versa. Vad man ser och inte ser. I mina verk vill jag undersöka och utveckla motsättningar och sätt att läsa historien. Arbeta med tid, ett nu som innefattar det förflutna och förhåller sig till framtiden.______________ List of works:\r\n\r\n-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3\r\nSteel, iron, plywood, glass, plastic, nylon\r\n2015\r\n\r\nLightning\r\nConcrete, styrofoam, forklift\r\n2015\r\n\r\nDiamond-Heart\r\nIron, bronze\r\n2015\r\n\r\nWhere the Battle took place I\r\nIron spike &amp; bronze death mask of the artist, shot at with a shotgun\r\n2015\r\n\r\nWhere the Battle took place II\r\nIron spike &amp; bronze death mask of the artist, shot at with a rifle\r\n2015\r\n\r\nWhat does Finnegan see when he wakes up?\r\nSound piece\r\n2015\r\nThe loudspeaker was located very high near the ceiling and looked like a black eye supervising the installation and it\'s space. Since there are intervals of silence the sound is suddenly part of the space. In order to turn the sound on and off, I had to climb a ladder.\r\nThe piece consists of two parts, alternating with breaks of 2 to 4 minutes.\r\n1. My voice reading parts of Finnegans Wake by James Joyce, as if it\'s Flemish. \r\n2. My voice giving the listener/viewer the clue with which the codes in my master essay can be deciphered.\r\n\r\nSpending Time to draw Time\r\nBooklet-Performance\r\n2015\r\nMy master essay was available as a leaflet at the exhibition. \r\nEvery time someone wanted to buy a copy, I did a performance. The performance consisted of personally drawing a dot after \'Frozen time=\' and a line after \'Time=\' on pages 20-21. I thus used my own time to draw time. Each copy is unique and numbered, because no line or dot can ever be identical. Material: Betong, frigolit, järn, nylon, brons, ljud, plywood, plast, glas Teknik: Skulptur, ljud, 3d fräsning / <p>DVD med dokumentation av performance och installation finns tillgänglig på Kungl Konsthögskolans bibliotek.</p>

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The aim of this interdisciplinary study is to reconstruct the evolution of our changing conceptions of time in the light of scientific discoveries. It will adopt a new perspective and organize the material around three central themes, which run through our history of time reckoning: cosmology and regularity; stasis and flux; symmetry and asymmetry. It is the physical criteria that humans choose ¿ relativistic effects and time-symmetric equations or dynamic-kinematic effects and asymmetric conditions ¿ that establish our views on the nature of time. This book will defend a dynamic rather than a static view of time.

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Introduktion: Under 2011 till året därpå var två politiker, Carl Bildt (moderat utrikesminister) och Håkan Juholt (Socialdemokraternas partiledare), utsatta för mediedrev: Etiopiensvenskar-na och bostadsaffären. Juholt var som en svamp som sög upp all kritik medan Bildt framstod som teflon i jämförelse. Hur kommer det sig att Bildt klarade sig och fick sitta kvar som mi-nister, medan Juholt avgick? Problem: Vad är det som skiljer Bildt från Juholts retorik under mediedreven 2011 enligt sta-tusläran? Hur ramar journalisterna in debatten för Bildt respektive Juholt? Teori: Med statusläran (stasis theory) kan en sakfråga analyseras retoriskt genom ett av fyra status (”ställning”): fakta, definition, kvalitet eller procedur. Exempelvis, ett dödande kan handla om huruvida det ägt rum (fakta), om det var mord eller självförsvar (definition), om det var rätt (kvalitet) samt om frågan ska avgöras i annat forum (procedur). Fakta och proce-dur är starkast försvar, definition och kvalitet svagast. Metod: Kvalitativ retorisk analys av Bildt och Juholts medieframträdanden i tv och radio, där medierna anklagar och aktörerna försvarar sig i en dialogsituation. Resultat: Bildt använder mer eller mindre uteslutande ett bevisande (fakta) och överförande status (procedur). När ny information är motstridig, hävdar han att den ska beskrivas an-norlunda (definition). Juholt använder huvudsakligen ett kvalitativt status, ofta för att bedyra sin goda karaktär, även när han kunde valt ett mer lämpligt status. Flera fall har också upp-täckts där journalisterna ställt frågor som varit inramade (presupponerad) på ett tveksamt sätt, ofta på ett kvalitativt status. Diskussion: Bildt använder starkare status vilket får till följd att skandalen inte tenderar att utvecklas i lika hög utsträckning då frågor om moral och värderingar utesluts. Juholt har valt det svagaste statuset. Slutsatsen är att man inte ska välja en försvarsstrategi och hålla fast vid den, utan anpassa försvaret varefter som ny information blir tillgänglig och anklagelsernas karaktär förändras. Slutsatsen gäller reaktiv kriskommunikation, inte nödvändigtvis proaktiv. Dessutom föreslås tre nya analyskriterier till statusläran. Studien begränsas huvudsakligen av medievalet (radio och tv) eftersom bara en del av den medierade politiken fångas, liksom ty-pen av kris (etiska normbrott). / Introduction: During 2011, two major Swedish politicians, Carl Bildt (right-wing foreign min-ister) and Håkan Juholt (leader of the Social Democrats), were set under siege during a so called ‘media hunt’: The Ethiopiaswedes and the residence affair. Juholt was like a sponge absorbing every bit of critique, whereas Bildt seemed like Teflon in comparison. How did Bildt manage to remain in power, while Juholt had to resign? Problem: What sets Bildt’s rhetoric apart from Juholt’s rhetoric during the media hunt under 2011 in relation to the stasis theory? How do the journalists frame the media discourse for Bildt and Juholt? Theory: A controversy can be analyzed rhetorically with one of four stases of the stasis theo-ry: fact, definition, quality or procedure. E.g., a killing has either occurred or not (fact), it may be defined as murder or self-defense (definition), there’s a question if it was the right thing to do (quality) and if the controversy should be judged in another forum (procedure). Fact and procedure is the strongest defense, definition and quality is the weakest. Method: Qualitative rhetorical analysis of Bildt’s and Juholt’s media appearances in TV and radio, where the media accuse and the politicians defend themselves in a dialogue situation. Results: Bildt uses more or less exclusively the stases of fact and procedure. When new in-formation is contradictory to fact, he claims that it should be described differently (stasis of definition). Juholt mostly uses a stasis of quality to assert his good moral character, even when he could’ve chosen a more appropriate stasis. A few cases where the journalists’ questions have been framed (presuppositioned) in a questionable manner have also been found, often in a qualitative stasis. Discussion: Bildt uses stronger stasis which prevents the scandal from evolving and therefore excludes questions about morals and values. Juholt uses a weaker stasis. The conclusion is that one shouldn’t select a rhetorical self-defense strategy and stick to it; rather, the defense should adapt to new information as well as changes in the type of accusation. This conclusion holds for reactive crisis communication, not necessarily proactive. Three new analytical criteria for the stasis theory are also offered. The study is primarily limited by the type of crisis (norm transgressions) and the choice of media (radio and TV) because only a part of the mediatized politics is captured.

Cette thèse d'histoire culturelle propose de réfléchir à la genèse et aux évolutions des représentations grecques du tyran, en lien avec les transformations des formes de pouvoir, du Ve au Ier siècle avant J.-C. La recherche porte sur l’ensemble du monde hellénique et s'appuie sur un corpus de sources variées, littéraires, historiques et philosophiques, épigraphiques ou numismatiques. L'enjeu est en effet de comprendre l'évolution des interactions entre, d'une part, les approches juridiques, politiques ou historiques des tyrans, et, d'autre part, leurs représentations philosophiques et littéraires. À l'époque classique les considérations politiques, institutionnelles ou juridiques s'articulèrent aux représentations d'ordre éthique exprimant des jugements de valeur condamnant la cruauté et la tryphè du tyran. Puis, à partir du IVe siècle, les lieux communs à l’oeuvre dans ses représentations le transformèrent en une figure du mauvais souverain caractérisé par l'hybris et la souillure qu'il répand au sein de la cité. Ce processus amena à faire progressivement du tyran un contre-modèle absolu, opposé à la cité classique comme à la figure du roi idéal de l'époque hellénistique. Figure de l'altérité et la marginalité, le tyran tient ainsi, paradoxalement, une place centrale dans les représentations politiques et philosophiques grecques : il représente l'ennemi contre lequel se soude la communauté politique / The present doctoral thesis in cultural history considers the genesis and evolutions of the Greek representations of the tyrants in relation to changes in the actual forms of power, from C5th to C1st B. C. The research includes the whole Greek area and is based on varied sources : literary, historical, philosophical, epigraphic or numismatic. The purpose is indeed to understand the evolution of the interactions between legal, political or historical approaches of the tyrants, and their literary and philosophical representations. During the Classical Age, The political, institutional or legal considerations were combined with the ethical representations condemning the cruelty and the tryphè of the tyrant. Then, from C4th onward, the stereotypes found in literature led to view the tyrant as a bad sovereign, characterized by hybris and by the blemish he spreads over the city. This process would progressively turn the tyrant into the absolute counter-model, as opposed to the Classical city as to the ideal Hellenistic monarch. A figure of otherness and marginality, the tyrant becomes the paradoxical focal point of the Greek political and philosophical representation : he embodies the enemy the political community unites against.

The thesis looks into the under-researched phenomenon of ‘stasis’ that can be observed in many emerging tourist destinations in the world. Stasis—defined here as non-growth—has been essentially addressed in the tourism literature from the perspective of operational constraints. However, in this thesis it is argued that such an approach neglects to consider these constraints as outcomes of deeply sedimented and chronically reproduced structural properties. In other words, the study attempts to gain an understanding of why operational constraints fail to receive response in destinations experiencing stasis. With its focus on stasis rather than on change, the study adopts an innovative approach to tourism development, intending in this way to add to destination development theories.Accordingly, the examination of the research problem is integrated into the general reflection on the development of tourist areas, composing the theoretical background of the study. Moreover, two important methodological decisions are made with the aim to better grasp the dynamics of tourism development within stasis. A first decision is to dissociate the quantitative aspects of destination development from the qualitative ones, introducing two distinctive constructs named destination growth and destination shaping. A second decision is to address the research question from a strategic relational approach to structure and agency. The use of a structure-agency approach is decisive in appraising the extent to which structural constraints affect tourism stakeholders’ actions. The phenomenon is explored empirically from a critical theory perspective and a qualitative approach based on a single case study. The case under scrutiny is Gabon, a politically stable destination with acknowledged tourism assets and a tourism strategy adopted in the past decade. Gabon is examined essentially for its function as internal leisure travel destination. The analysis thus includes both domestic and international tourism, but limits itself to leisure travel. The study results indicate that, in the case of Gabon, structural properties and their rigidity explained a great deal of operational constraints and their continuity over time. However, and while structural properties adversely affect destination development, including growth, tourism initiatives are still able to emerge. These tourism initiatives are varied in that they are undertaken by different types of actors, they have different goals and take different forms. Yet, very few of these tourism stakeholders are in a position to modify the country’s structural properties due to a high centrality of social control. In such context, destination growth is primarily determined by the vested interest of a small circle of agents with social power. In conclusion, a country’s structural properties need to be regarded as spatialized and temporalized tendencies having a selective effect on actors but cannot fully explain action, hence destination development. In turn, action is intended—and strategic—but results do not necessarily match initial intentions. This implies that tourism development cannot be apprehended through the sole actions of tourism stakeholders, but need a combined analysis of the interrelationships between structure and agency. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The Authorities attitudes towards Gypsies have been characterized by prejudice for a long time. This has lead to the relief actions of the Authorities being formed by discriminating acts. In purpose of eliminating the discrimination of the Gypsies, the Delegation for Gypsy matters formulated a strategy for solving this problem in the report “Gypsy rights – a strategy for Gypsies in Sweden”. Despite the goodwill of the Authorities this report has been criticized by Gypsies in Sweden.   In the investigation of the derivation of this criticism the aim of this essay is to look at how the Authorities attitude towards Gypsies is shown in this report and how it affects the creation of their ethos. This analysis is made with a Critical Linguistic Analysis and the Stasis Theory.    The result showed that the Delegation for Gypsy matters dissociate themselves from the former attitudes that characterized the Authorities view of Gypsies. Through this move they try to show solidarity with them. Despite this equality aim it is possible to make note of an authoritative touch that imply a view of a society where the power is distributed from the top to the bottom. Even the picture of the Gypsies as a weak group can be noted. / Myndigheters attityder har länge varit präglade av fördomar när det gäller romer. Detta har medfört att deras hjälpinsatser för att förbättra romernas situation har präglats av diskriminerande åtgärder. I syfte att komma bort från den diskriminerande behandlingen av romerna utformade Delegationen för romska frågor en strategi för hur detta problem kunde lösas. Detta nya betänkande har dock fått kritik från romer i Sverige. För att undersöka vad denna kritik beror på är syftet med den här uppsatsen att undersöka hur myndigheters attityder gentemot romer kommer till uttryck i betänkandet samt hur detta påverkar skapandet av myndigheternas ethos. Detta görs genom en kritisk lingvistisk analys av textens verbprocesser, negationer och passivkonstruktioner. Detta resultat kopplas sedan till statusläran. Resultatet som framkommit ur analyserna är att Delegationen för romska frågor tydligt tar avstånd från myndigheternas tidigare attityder och förhållningssätt. Genom detta försöker de istället solidarisera sig med romerna. Trots denna strävan efter jämlikhet går det att uttyda auktoritära drag som antyder en samhällssyn där styrandet sker uppifrån och ned. Även drag av romer som en svag grupp går att utläsa.