Magistrinio darbo tema pasirinkta dėl jos aktualumo. Šio darbo autorė yra akademinės bendruomenės narė, todėl minėtoje srityje kylančios problemos ir nesklandumai yra aktualūs ne tik valstybiniame ar tarptautiniame, bet ir asmeniniame lygmenyje. Šiuo metu viena iš labiausiai aptarinėjamų sričių Lietuvoje - švietimo ir mokslo sistema, jos struktūra, o ypatingai finansavimas. Prie temos aktualumo nemenkai prisidėjo ir 2005 m. spalio 13 d. visuotinis studentų streikas, Lietuvos įstojimas į ES, kur mokslas ir žinios seniai tapę vienais iš esminių prioritetų, todėl itin svarbu užtikrinti tinkamą švietimo srities finansavimą ir lėšų paskirstymą taip, kad tai maksimaliai atitiktų visų suinteresuotų socialinių grupių interesus ir esamas galimybes. Šiuo metu švietimo sistemos finansavimas Lietuvoje yra nepakankamas, lėšos skirstomos neefektyviai. Lietuvos švietimo sistemą sudaro keli etapai – tai pagrindinis ugdymas, aukštasis ir profesinis mokslas, suaugusiųjų mokymas, perkvalifikavimas arba kvalifikacijos kėlimas. Jos finansavimui skiriami asignavimai iš valstybės biudžeto, savivaldybių biudžetų bei ES paramos (struktūrinių fondų). Nagrinėjant baigiamojo darbo temą, remtasi Lietuvos Respublikos ir ES įstatymais, poįstatyminiais teisės aktais, lietuvių ir užsienio autorių darbais, periodiniais LR Švietimo ir mokslo ministerijos leidiniais ir kita literatūra. Darbe pateikiamos švietimo, švietimo sistemos, biudžetinio finansavimo ir su tuo susijusios sąvokos, jų išaiškinimai... [to full text] / This theme of the science work was chosen taking it into account its urgency. The authoress of this work belongs to the academic society, so the problems, which arise in this field, are important and urgent at the State or international level as well as at the personal level. Nowadays one of the most discussed spheres in Lithuania is the system of the education and science, its’ structure, especially its’ funding. The theme of this work is topical as well for the universal strike of students on the 13th of October 2005, Lithuania’s joining EU, where the education is one of the most important priorities for long time, that’s why it is so important to ensure the proper funding of the educational system and assure that funds would be distributed in the way, which would maximally accord interests and current possibilities of all interested social groups. The system of the education in Lithuania consists of few stages – it is the main education, high and professional education, adults’ education, re-qualification or constitution of qualification. Assignations from the State budget, budgets of local administrations and EU financial support (structural funds) are addressed for its’ funding. In the analysing of this work’s topic where used laws of the Republic of Lithuania and EU, under-legal acts works of Lithuanian and abroad authors, periodical publications of the Lithuania’s ministry of education and science and other literature. In the science work are presented notions of... [to full text]

The increasing volume of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has led to the creation of European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). This system should also fulfil an incentive function to reduce emissions. The EU ETS also participates in revenues of the state budgets. This master thesis deals with impacts of EU ETS on revenues of state budgets for each member states of this system. The thesis is compiled with calculations of revenues of state budgets. This methodology is then applied to the assessment of the impact of auctioning of emission allowances on the Czech state budget and is demonstrated on three possible scenarios.

This thesis aims to analyze investment expenditure from the state budget. Analysed period is chosen from 2005 to 2010. The first chapture deals with public capital expenditure, empasis is placed on comparision with current expenditure. With regard to the economic theory of resource allocation and The Act on Financial Control in the Czech republic reviews how are economy, efficiency and effectiveness controlled there. The impact of political economy on public investmenets is described. The main part of this paper analyzes a trend of investment expenditure, their structure and drawing proportionality. The main focus is on two parts of governmental investment expenditures, these are transport expenditures and military expenditures. The last part draws proposals and recommendations for improving conditions for public investment.

The purpose of this study was to determine the local economic impact of alternative state budget reductions for Texas community colleges by investigating the income losses to the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) if state appropriations were reduced by 10, 15, and 20 percent. The objective of this study was achieved through an economic analysis of the local economy of selected MSAs and by computing the income size which was generated by selected colleges. Eight community colleges located in eight MSAs participated by answering mailed questionnaires. The model of Direct Economic Impact was applied to describe the colleges' economic impact. The model was composed of college expenditures, employee expenditures, student expenditures, and the economic multiplier. The study revealed that the selected community colleges were responsible for creating new jobs and increasing the income of the local economies. These eight colleges were responsible for increasing the income of the local economies by $294,945,560 and for creating 5,129 jobs. Reduction in state appropriations to the selected community colleges will reduce the income they produce. A state appropriation cut of 10 percent will result in a loss to the local economy of $6,153,951. A 15 percent reduction in state appropriations will cause the local economy to lose $9,230,943. A 20 percent reduction in state appropriations will reduce the local economic income by $12,307,920.

Diploma thesis "Public budget as a tool of control of public policies" discusses the relationship of public and budgetary policy and the possibility of using public budgets as a tool to control public policy with using budgeting methods, respectively systems of allocation of public resources. The aim of the thesis is to identify how the use of the means of public budget, whether it is used as a tool to control public policy and how it is in this area the legislative framework. Another objective is to identify real (political) work in practice and whether it corresponds to the present legislative framework. The diploma thesis focuses primarily on the state budget as the most important budget from the budget system of Czech Republic. These phenomena I examined on the basis of document analysis, analysis of the theoretical journal of the Ministry of Defence Military Perspectives and on the basis of interviews with the staff of Economic Section of the Ministry of Defence. The main conclusion of the diploma thesis is that there is a formal attempt to use the state budget as a tool of control of government policies, which differs from its real use. In the specific case of the Ministry od Defence is arriving to the conclusion that the use of guidance introduction of the national budget to control...

The thesis deals with the term of budgetary responsibility, past drafts trying to enact this term to the legal system of Czech Republic, and also deals with applicable legal rules contained in the European Union legal system. The aim of this thesis is to analyze every existing draft in the Czech legal system (with the special attention to the last legal draft), and trough this analysis reach to the ideal set of rules for the budgetary responsibility. The first chapter contains the description of the basic term and the theoretical basis for the rest of this thesis. Elementary terms are described first and trough that it comes to the main term of the principle of the long-term balance of public budgets and to the term of budgetary responsibility. The second chapter aims to describe every single legal draft made in Czech Republic during the past year. Main attention is provided to the last legal draft of the constitutional act of budgetary responsibility and to the related draft of the secondary legal adaptation, which was presented in the year 2015. The third chapter aids to the European Union legal adaptation of the budgetary responsibility. At first the thesis deals with the form of budgetary responsibility in the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union....

The purpose of this thesis is to test the hypothesis if the Czech budget deficit bias is built into the budget process and if the public finance reform in 2004 improved the quality of this process. The analysis reveals that implementation of the reform measures, such as medium-term expenditure framework is not very successful. The introduction of the programme budgeting is not completed too and the room for use of undesirable methods of budgeting still exist. The thesis is also focused on identifying problematic aspects of budget process, such as "pork barrel spending" and non-functioning control mechanism performed by Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament and Supreme Audit Office. The possibility of implementing of the "balanced budget rule" is discussed in the final part this thesis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Ribeiro Jansen Ferreira.pdf: 879974 bytes, checksum: 4457704e62d31e82d8ec49c86fc76484 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study is to analyze how the financial supremacy modified the way that the State acts in the Brazilian economy. With this purpose, initially is characterize the financial supremacy and understood how this is part of the own logic of the capital, using the Marxist concept, in which the financial capital is the most perfect form of the capital, apparently with the financial capital disengaged in relation with the productivity range. This way, the financial supremacy can be characterize by the own necessity of capital reproduction, that after strong accumulation in the decades of 60´s and 70´s demands new ways to reproduce itself. This stimulated a growing diversification of financial instruments, the emerging of new agents with the ability of concentrate capital, deregulation, liberalisation, and changes in the financial intermediation on the markets, besides the financial and commercial globalization. The Latin- American countries became part of this movement through the reception of capital flows, that were sent toward those countries considering the excess of international liquidity and the own necessity of reproduction of the capital, and form a huge public debt. This phase of capitalism produced deep changes in the National States action and in Latin America that was felt through the adoption of the neo-liberalism. In Brazil, those changes occurred together with the crises of the State that previously had a very strong participation in the economy and that could not deal with the priorities of the elite that were now align with the movements of the national and international financial capital. This way, it is analyze the adoption of the neoliberalism and the measures that came together with it as privatization, financial and commercial opening and the used of liberal economic policies. The financial supremacy of the economy deeply changed the State intervention previously more attached with productive gains and that now stand back from the direct intervention in the economic growth. Those changes can be clearly seen through the evolution of the State budget execution that previously spend a lot in investments and in activities connect with the national development, as in industry, services and commerce, energy, transport and during the 90´s and 00´s reduced the expenses on those and increase the expenses attached with the financial market, as the payment of interest and redemption of the public debt. Analyzing the budget execution through charges group or functions shows this same shift. This way, the financial supremacy guide on the beginning of this XXI century the priorities on expense and all sort of policies made by the Brazilian National State / Esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como a financeirização modificou a inserção do Estado brasileiro na economia. Com este intuito, busca-se primeiramente caracterizar a financeirização e compreender como esta faz parte da própria lógica do capital partindo da concepção marxista na qual o capital portador de juros se posta como a forma mais bem acabada do capital, com aparente desprendimento do capital financeiro com relação à esfera produtiva. Assim, a financeirização caracterizar-se-ia pela própria necessidade de reprodução do capital, que após forte acúmulo nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, demanda novas formas de reprodução. Isto impulsiona a crescente diversificação dos instrumentos financeiros, o surgimento de novos agentes capazes de concentrar capital, desregulamentação e desintermediação dos mercados, além da globalização financeira e comercial. Os países latino-americanos foram inseridos nesse movimento por meio do fluxo de capitais fornecidos justamente pela excessiva liquidez internacional à época e pela necessidade de reprodução desse capital e que gerou um forte endividamento público. Esta fase do capitalismo gerou profundas mudanças na forma de atuação dos Estados Nacionais, o que se fez sentir nos países latino-americanos por meio da adoção do neoliberalismo . No Brasil tal movimento ocorreu em meio à crise do Estado desenvolvimentista, que não poderia mais abarcar os interesses da classe dominante. Estes agora estão organizados em torno dos ganhos financeiros nacionais e mundiais. Assim, analisa-se a adoção do neoliberalismo e as medidas adotadas, tais como a abertura financeira e comercial, além da privatização e da adoção de políticas econômicas liberais todas as transformações criavam mecanismos para reprodução do capital financeiro. A financeirização da economia modificou plenamente a atuação do Estado, antes desenvolvimentista e atrelado a ganhos produtivos, que se afastou da intervenção direta no crescimento econômico. Tais mudanças tornam-se claras quando se analisa a evolução da execução orçamentária do Estado, que antes mostrava grandes gastos em investimento e em funções ligadas ao desenvolvimento tais como indústria, comércio e serviços, energia, transportes e ao longo das décadas de 1990 e 2000 vai paulatinamente reduzindo o dispêndio nesses e eleva os gastos atrelados ao setor financeiro, com pagamento de juros e amortização da dívida pública. Tanto a análise por meio dos grupos de despesa quanto por função mostram esse mesmo resultado. Tem-se, então, que a financeirização pauta nesse início de século XXI as prioridades nos gastos e em toda sorte de ações realizadas pelo Estado Nacional brasileiro

O estudo das relações e práticas políticas no Legislativo Paulista, no período de 1890 a 1920, sobretudo no que se refere aos acordos e disputas entre os parlamentares das diferentes zonas econômicas e distritos eleitorais pelos recursos orçamentários, durante o processo anual de elaboração do orçamento estadual / This research is about the study of political relationships and practices in the Paulista Legislative, in between 1890 to 1920, specially on what it refers to the agreements and dispute among parliamentarians from different economic zones and election stations by the budget resources, during the annual process about the State budget planning

Taikomas biudžeto išlaidų paskirstymo metodas tiesiogiai įtakoja valstybės finansinių išteklių paskirstymo rezultatus. Dabar dažniausiai naudojamas programinis biudžetas ir įvairūs šiuo principu paremti modifikuoti biudžeto išlaidų paskirstymo modeliai. Išanalizavus mokslinę literatūrą, įvairias analitinio pobūdžio publikacijas ir esamą Lietuvos situaciją po biudžeto reformos, galima daryti išvadą, kad programinis biudžetas daugeliu principų yra vertintinas kaip perspektyvus ir daugeliu atveju tinkamas. Be abejo, šis metodas turi daug privalumų, tačiau negalima atmesti keleto trūkumų. Biudžeto programos yra pagrindinis programinio metodo komponentas. Pagal jų vertinimo rezultatus priimami sprendimai dėl valstybės išlaidų paskirstymo. Svarbu tinkamai įvertinti programas ir atrinkti naudingiausias valstybei, kurios galėtų ateityje atnešti naudą, tiek socialinę, tiek ekonominę, finansinę. Įvertinant Lietuvos situaciją, programų vertinimo problematiką, matomas aiškus poreikis padidinti programų vertinimo pagrįstumą ir objektyvumą. Tyrimo objektas – valstybės biudžeto išlaidų skirstymo procesas. Darbo tikslas – remiantis teorija, išanalizuoti valstybės biudžeto išlaidų skirstymo procesą programų metodu, apibendrinti ir sukurti sintetinį valstybės biudžeto programų vertinimo modelį. Šiam tikslui pasiekti iškelti šie svarbiausi uždaviniai: • išanalizuoti valstybės biudžeto išlaidų formavimą programų principu teoriniu aspektu; • įvertinti valstybės biudžeto programų efektyvumą; •... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The method of budget expenditures distribution directly influences on results of state government resources. Recently the program budget is used more often, all other modified distribution models of budget expenditures as well. Analysing the scientific literature, the different analytic publications and current Lithuania‘s situation after budget reform, it could be pointed, that the program budget in many cases is appraised as perspective and useful process. Budget programs are the main components of programming method. The solutions of state expenditures distribution are made according to programs results. It‘s important to evaluate the programs properly and select the most useful for the state, which could give the social, economic and financial outputs in the future. Defining current Lithuania‘s situation and problems of the program evaluation process, it‘s obvious that there is the necessity of increasment of program evaluation foundation and objectivity. The work object: the distribution process of state budget by programs. The work purpose is according to the theory to make an analysis of the state budget expenditures distribution process by programs, summarize and create the synthetical evaluation model of budget programs. The work tasks: • to analyze the theoretical aspects of the state budget expenditures distribution according to principles of programming; • to analyze the effectiveness of state budget programs; • to produce the Lithuania‘s practice of state program... [to full text]