The presented diploma thesis is focused on the preparation, characterization and study of membrane properties of liposomal systems which were composed of the neutral phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), cholesterol, negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG), polyethylenglycol bounded to phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG5000–PE) and polycation N,N,N-trimethylchitosan (TMC). The influence of individual components and their concentrations on the average particle size, zeta potential and changes in the outer and inner part of the bilayer was investigated. In this matter, methods of dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy with the application of laurdan and DPH probes were used. Based on the above-mentioned parameters, concentrations of components that most suitably influence properties of liposomes in terms of the intended application were selected for the definite complex. It was managed to prepare a liposomal complex stealth liposome–N,N,N-trimethylchitosan, which, due to the optimized composition, could have suitable attributes as a drug delivery system for inhalation administration of biologically active substances.

This diploma thesis deals with the preparation and characterization of stealth liposomes and their combination with trimethylchitosan (TMC). This complex could find application in the field of inhalation administration. Stealth liposomes were prepared from neutral phophatidylcholine, negatively charged fosfatidic acid and polyethyleneglycol bounded to phosphatidylethanolamine. We have managed to prepare stealth liposomes with suitable properties that should guarantee passive targeting without evocation an immune response, despite the content of the negative component. We also found a suitable method of preparation for stealth liposome–TMC complex, where the change of size and zeta potential confirmed the non–covalent bound between two components despite the content of the polyethyleneglycol.

Denna uppsats studerar podden Fredagspodden och dess sponsorer genom att göra en kvalitativ textanalys utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. I uppsatsen undersöks huruvida det går att utläsa vilket innehåll som är sponsrat i podden. Hur diskuteras andra produkter och följer podden de lagar, regler och etiska riktlinjer som finns? Den kvalitativa textanalysen genomförs utifrån teoretiska perspektiv som dold marknadsföring, misstankens hermeneutik, parasocial interaktion och native advertising. Studiens resultat visar att det går att utläsa vilket innehåll som är sponsrat. Däremot kan detta variera i tydlighet mellan avsnitten och beroende på lyssnarens uppmärksamhet på innehållet. Vidare visar resultatet att programledarna pratar mycket om andra produkter de producerat och även produkter som deras eget produktionsbolag står bakom. I båda dessa fall visar studien att podden följer alla lagar och regler som finns men om detta överensstämmer med de etiska riktlinjerna kan diskuteras. I analysen förs en etisk diskussion som mynnar ut i en rekommendation om att lagstiftningen bör ändras och att det bör tillsättas en myndighet som granskar etiska övertramp i poddar. / This essay studies the podcast Fredagspodden and their sponsors by doing a qualitative text analysis with a hermeneutic perspective. The essay studies if it is possible to distinguish the sponsored content of the podcast, how the hosts discuss other products and if the podcast follow the laws, rules and ethical guidelines that exist. The qualitative text analysis is implemented with the theories stealth marketing, hermeneutic suspicion, parasocial interaction and native advertising. The result of the study shows that it is possible to distinguish the sponsored content of the podcast. However, the clarity varies depending on the episode and the amount of attention of the listener. The result also shows that the hosts often mention other products they have produced and also products that their own production has produced. I both if these cases the podcast follows all laws and rules but concerning whether this is ethically correct could be discussed. In the analysis an ethical discussion will be held which ends with the authors suggesting a change in the laws as well as the implementation of an authority with the mission to control ethical violations in podcasts.

Transit Objects   In the Master Essay I argue around two existing levels in the works presented at the graduation exhibition. On the one hand, it is about influence; on the other hand it is about the phenotypes of purpose-ness. In the introduction, I describe the relationship between the shapes that I have come to call Transit objects, and their on the one hand ideological superstructure; on the other hand, the different aspects of their shapes regarding the imitation I, in creating the objects, performed. In the case with the objects shape-aspects, I stand on the thoughts that I found during my bachelor's work, that is, to express the phenotypes of purpose-ness. When it comes to influence, I speculate about how linguistics, and particularly a branch called neuro-linguistics, illustrates how the arguments that make up our world can be transformed. I use a meta-model and a conversation model as a tool to illustrate this. When I, like that, illustrate the plasticity of meaning, and cognition, I note Catherine Malabous taught (in her book What Should we do with our brain?) on the plasticity of the brain in relation to the neo-liberal systems of capitalism. She argues for how the brain has come to stand model for the organization of different types of networks. I hint the link to a future scenario where the desire to influence takes new forms and uses the latest brain research challenges, more specifically the use of ultrasound for the treatment of pain and other similar conditions. This also can be used as generating various types of seizures, pleasant or unpleasant. The next section in my text goes into the background of the artworks on display. I describe here my process. I also here describe the background to the proposal for public art in Gävle. Now follows a more detailed description of the series of works that I created during the Master's program. I begin with a description of the Phantom Objects 001-004, 2011, which basically is more linked to the bachelor's work. I describe this in the text because many of the aspects are still relevant in the series of works my master work consists of. Then I describe the EUR-pallet in Rosewood, 2011, presented at the graduation exhibition. EUR-pallet in Rosewood, is a work in which I shifted the scale of a Euro pallet to a scale of 1:2. In this way, it has moved into a “gray area” when it comes to its purpose. This is reinforced when the material is, unlike an ordinary Euro-pallet, here elevated to the veneer in Rosewood. I have "gilded" this very common design. EUR-pallets are included in global trade, or streams. They are durable and robust object with a distinct function. They are transit objects constantly in transit or waiting for new loads. I do these things manageable, further reified, and transparent. In this way, I open their innermost being and essence, the functional, and move it into a different light for a clearer sense of their mystery, clearer sense of their tangible presence and function in space and time. I give the shape a more open body language when the burden of function is eased. Which does not mean that the function is plundered, it is partially retained, inherent in the construction design, but stripped of its anonymity, strength and the standardized measure that makes it an effective part in a logistic machinery. Then I describe the work Billboard (STEALTH-monument for Joe Hill), 2012. This work is my proposal for public works in Gävle during the collaborative project between the Konstfack College of Arts and Gävle Art Centre (The collaboration is called Hello Gävle). It is presented as an advertising pillar, which measures approximately 15x30 centimetres (scale approx. 1:13) that I have sculpted and cast in aluminium. I emphasize this in Sweden common structure used for messages and announcements, and displaces the shapes purpose; I illustrate, unmask, isolate or "exalt" in this way it’s (in all its frivolity) concrete, concentrated form. In case of construction, the shape, in one copy, be at a scale of 1:1, that is about 3 meters tall and with each side about 1.3 meters wide. Then a description of the piece container, 2012. I saw a picture in a newspaper. I was dazed and said when I saw the picture, how beautiful it was the landscape of thousands of containers in different colours. For me there was something human and inhuman at the same time in that port. I do these constructions manageable, transparent and thus their enigmatic choreography and interior approaches me. Containers exist for transporting objects from different physical locations. The global circulation these constructions are organized in are well-planned and for an outsider hard to grasp. It is a diverse duplicated place where different actors meet and negotiate. Although there is something buried inside the container. It is ubiquitous, but at the same time exclusionary. This is almost the same inaccessibility as when it comes to the celestial bodies’ cyclical paths. Is there not something demanding, a form with such a clear function. A desire to be used in accordance with its intended context. As with the message, for example, from a billboard, it call to be understood in line with the context, but the global container flow are speaking without a sender. The clear bright colours. Red, blue, green, reminiscent of stained glass windows in churches. Are these containers, in fact, the holiest of places? One room, while at the same time thousands of rooms. The doors are opened and closed, and there is delivered a flood of heard prayers. One room, which in its variety is endless. A flexible place. A capitalist utopia. Next, a description of the work Carbon-bars, 2012. During the manufacturing process for Billboard (STEALTH-monument for Joe Hill), I made some experiences that made me interested in carbon as material in a future work. I imagined doing a variation of the billboard in coal. But after consideration and new experiences, I was aware of the bars. It was during my visit to the casting-industry where I saw the bars. Thereafter, the work was ready for fabrication The Carbon-bars are manufactured in an opposite logic than that of the EUR-pallet in Rosewood. Instead of "gild" the object I have here, "charcoaled" it, a form that can directly be read as being a bar. It is a paradoxical play with symbols of value. On the one hand the bar is generally associated with gold, on the other hand, the carbon for me associated with transience and uselessness without value. The human body consists of a number of kilograms of carbon. In the global economy, I am considering the "coin base" for a human. It seems in the banking crisis and its oil's wake consists of a 'charcoal-base", a "coal-human base." A man in the global market is priced for the weight in coal. In the final discussion I argue about my interpretation of the contemporary global flow of messages and objects in relation to Brian Holmes, Edward Bernays, Slavoy Zizek, Rosalyn Deutsche, Walter Lippman and Adam Curtis. From need to desire is a general explanation of how capitalism manages a market where basic needs are satisfied and hence, according to the logic of capitalism (but perhaps also human logic) new has to be created. Edward Bernay (who coined the term public relations as a euphemism for propaganda) was a genius when it came to this type of business: to create a "friendly arrangement” between the companies and the public. The amicable agreement Bernay talking about is, I think, in fact, the The Phantom Public Walter Lippman define. It's a public with the phenotypes of public working for a friendly agreement and arrangement between the consumers/ population and the profit hungry companies/ mafia. Brian Holmes points out Thomas Frank who argues that fashion designers and advertisers have their own existential interest in transforming the system, and that "… the result…” at least during the sixties, “…was a change of 'the ideology by which business explained its dominant position in national life"'. Here sounds Bernays amicable agreement again. An agreement continuously produced and as a result of the production is accompanied by Transit Objects.

Liposomal nanocarriers offer much promise in chemotherapeutic drug delivery because they may be specifically targeted to tumors thereby shielding healthy organs from toxic side effects of incorporated drugs. Passive targeting of liposomes is achieved through the inclusion of PEG to evade the RES and prolong circulation in the bloodstream. Since tumor vasculature exhibits increased permeability, prolonged circulation results in passive accumulation of liposomes to tumor. Active targeting is accomplished through the inclusion of agents targeted to over-expressed receptors on tumor cells. In vitro studies have demonstrated increased cytotoxicity of actively targeted liposomes due to specific uptake by tumor cells. In vivo, however, actively targeted liposomal nanocarriers have failed to meet the expectations established by the promising outcomes of in vitro studies. This is attributed to the fact that the inclusion of targeting agents results in accelerated clearance from the bloodstream and reductions in passive targeting to tumor thereby offsetting the benefits of active targeting. The central focus of this thesis was to engineer a multi-functional nanoscale drug delivery system which would enable active targeting without compromising RES evasion and passive accumulation to tumor. It was shown that the use of folate in liposomal formulations significantly reduced blood circulation times. To prevent RES recognition of folate on targeted liposomal formulations, a cysteine cleavable phospholipid-PEG conjugate was utilized to "mask" targeting ligands while liposomes were in circulation. Once passive accumulation at the tumor was achieved, cysteine was administered to detach PEG chains, expose folate, and promote uptake by tumor cells. In vivo studies demonstrated that cleavable DSPE-PEG5000 was capable of concealing folate on liposomes to maintain prolonged circulation times. In vitro studies verified the ability to conceal and expose folate on demand, permitting receptor mediated targeting and delivery of drug to target cells. Studies conducted to analyze drug uptake by tumor cells in vivo confirmed that delivery was enhanced when tumor-inoculated animals received targeted liposomes containing cleavable PEG chains followed by a cysteine infusion to expose folate. These results indicate that detachable PEG chains can be used in targeted liposomal formulations to enhance efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of glioma.

Design patterns are widely used in game design, especially in action games. Design patterns can be seen as a group of concluded gameplay. A stealth game is a video game genre that rewards the player for using stealth (conceal avatar of player in order to avoid enemies) to overcome antagonists. In some cases there is a conflict between difficulty and game experience in stealth game. In order to solve this problem, we researched design patterns in stealth games. We observed a set of stealth game design patterns from three different stealth games. The collection used a different template of game design pattern.Then we created a questionnaire to collect opinions from designers that have experience in stealth game area. Based on such data, we designed and created a prototype of application. Unlike other websites or books, the application shown game design pattern for a single type of game(stealth game). From the application designers can check stealth game design patterns based on design document. The application can introduce stealth game design patterns to designers, and show how to use them in stealth game design.

Yes / Assessment of children for school readiness is a crucial process that requires extensive effort to select the sequence of tests most appropriate for the particular case to be investigated. Indeed, the success of the assessment depends highly on the diversity, flexibility, and comprehensiveness of the tests available and the ability of the applied system to decide on the specific sequence of tests to be utilized for each child based on his/her skills which should be discovered dynam- ically as the assessment progresses. Given the huge search space for the test cases to be utilized in the assessment process, it is preferred to apply an optimization technique capable of finding an appropriate test case that better fits the skills of a given child. It was decided to use a genetic algorithm (GA)-based approach for the optimization process. Any other optimization technique could have been used and utilizing the GA is a personal decision to complement the framework developed for this paper. GAs have been widely and successfully used in various application domains. Fortunately, the results reported in this paper demonstrate the effective- ness of the utilized GA in handling the assessment process to decide on school readiness. Assessment of a person’s abilities and skills is an important task for organizations. Examples include evaluating a child’s readiness for school or determining an employee’s aptitude for a position. The assessment involves various parameters related to the test subject’s aptitude, such as motor skills, linguistic development, or deductive capabilities, among others. The assessment may be conducted by various bodies, such as public education systems, commercial testing companies, and recruiters. To facilitate the assessment process in a systematic way less influenced by the attitude of a specific domain expert, it is preferred to develop and employ web-based assessment systems which integrate the skills of professional domain experts. A recent innovation is an adaptive web-based stealth assessment that analyzes the subject’s skill and dynamically adapts the assessment tests accordingly. A web-based stealth assessment is used for evaluating school readiness of a child by having the child play a series of games comparing the child’s per- formance with a database of performance results for a population. The web-based stealth assessment includes a processor for processing the child’s performance data, for comparing the performance data with the performance results of the population, and for applying a GA to determine the most appropriate next test for the child.

A major challenge that faces most families is effectively anticipating how ready to start school a given child is. Traditional tests are not very effective as they depend on the skills of the expert conducting the test. It is argued that automated tools are more attractive especially when they are extended with games capabilities that would be the most attractive for the children to be seriously involved in the test. The first part of this thesis reviews the school readiness approaches applied in various countries. This motivated the development of the sophisticated system described in the thesis. Extensive research was conducted to enrich the system with features that consider machine learning and social network aspects. A modified genetic algorithm was integrated into a web-based stealth assessment tool for school readiness. The research goal is to create a web-based stealth assessment tool that can learn the user's skills and adjust the assessment tests accordingly. The user plays various sessions from various games, while the Genetic Algorithm (GA) selects the upcoming session or group of sessions to be presented to the user according to his/her skills and status. The modified GA and the learning procedure were described. A penalizing system and a fitness heuristic for best choice selection were integrated into the GA. Two methods for learning were presented, namely a memory system and a no-memory system. Several methods were presented for the improvement of the speed of learning. In addition, learning mechanisms were introduced in the social network aspect to address further usage of stealth assessment automation. The effect of the relatives and friends on the readiness of the child was studied by investigating the social communities to which the child belongs and how the trend in these communities will reflect on to the child under investigation. The plan is to develop this framework further by incorporating more information related to social network construction and analysis. Also, it is planned to turn the framework into a self adaptive one by utilizing the feedback from the usage patterns to learn and adjust the evaluation process accordingly.

Il a été démontré que l’acidité de l’environnement tumoral jouait un rôle dans la résistance aux chimiothérapies. L’utilisation de nanovecteurs, tels que les nanocapsules lipidiques (LNC), permet non seulement d’améliorer le temps de biodistribution de substances actives, mais aussi de cibler l’environnement tumoral tout en protégeant les actifs de cet environnement acide. L’objectif de cette thèse porte ainsi sur l’optimisation et l’évaluation de LNC furtives et pH-sensibles dans le contexte du mélanome.Dans un premier temps, ces travaux ont consisté à caractériser la vascularisation de mélanomes humain et murin. Ces études ont permis de comparer différentes tumeurs (densité, taille et structure) et de déterminer si l’usage de nanomédecines est approprié dans ce contexte.La seconde partie s’est orientée sur l’élaboration de polymères combinant furtivité et pH-sensibilité. Ces copolymères composés de N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP)et de vinylimidazole ont été synthétisés par polymérisation RAFT et post-insérés à la surface des LNC. Ces modifications ont donné lieu à des LNC présentant des charges de surface pH-dépendantes,entrainant une augmentation de leur internalisation à pH acide dans des cellules de mélanome. Finalement, des études de biodistribution ont mis en évidence l’intérêt de la NVP dans le développement de nanovecteurs furtifs. En conclusion, les copolymères développés ont permis de prolonger le temps de circulation, mais aussi d’apporter des propriétés pH-sensibles qui pourraient améliorer l’internalisation tumorale des LNC in vivo et donc de potentialiser l’effet d’une thérapie anticancéreuse. / Tumor acidity has been shown to play a major role in resistance to chemotherapy. The use of nanomedicines, as lipid nanocapsules (LNC), allows to protect drugs from this acidic environment. They can also improve the biodistribution of therapeutics and to target the tumor environment. The aim of this thesis concerns the evaluation and characterization of stealth and pH-sensitive LNC in the context of melanoma. Firstly, these works consisted in characterizing the vascularization of human and mice melanoma. These studies allowed to compare different tumors (density, size and structure), and determine if the used of nanocarrier is suitable in the context of melanoma.The second part of this thesis described the development and the characterization of new copolymers, combining stealth and pH-sensitive properties. These copolymers, composed of Nvinylpyrrolidone(NVP) and vinylimidazole, were synthesized by RAFT polymerization and were post in sertedonto LNC surface. These modifications allowed to obtain charge reversal nanocarriers, leading to increase their melanoma cell uptake underacid pH. Finally, biodistribution of these modified nanoparticles was studied in vivo and highlighted the interest of NVP in the development of stealth nanocarriers. To conclude, the developed copolymers able to extend nanocarrier circulation time and to provide pH-responsive properties which should increase the tumor internalization of LNC invivo and potentiate the effect of anticancer drugs.

Sedan radar började användas under första hälften av 1900-talet har duellen mellan radar och signalspaning pågått. Genom att utnyttja radar har alltid en medveten risk tagits, risken att bli upptäckt av motståndarens signalspaning. Duellen gavs möjlighet att ta en paus då radarsystem med låg uteffekt introducerades på marknaden under slutet av 1980-talet, nu fanns plötsligt en möjlighet att använda radar samtidigt som de samtida signalspaningssystemen inte kunde upptäcka dessa radarsystem. I föreliggande magisteruppsats i krigsvetenskap med militärteknisk inriktning undersöks räckviddsförhållanden mellan dessa radarsystem och signalspaningssystem. Genom scenarier i den marina arenan försöker jag värdera de taktiska vinster en användare av radar med låg uteffekt kan göra. Analysen visar på att det fram till dess att signalspaningssystem med förmåga att upptäcka radar som utnyttjar låg uteffekt finns tillgängligt är det möjligt att nå taktiska fördelar med dessa system. / Since the advent of radar during the early 20th century the duel between radar and electronic support measurement systems has been practised. Using radar has always been associated with a risk of being detected by an opponent’s electronic support measurement systems. The duel came to a halt when radar systems using low output power were introduced on the market during the late 1980s, now it was possible to use radar without being detected by contemporary electronic support measurement systems. The present master of science (one year) thesis in war science with specialization in military technology looks into the range relationships between radar and electronic support measurement systems. Through scenarios in the naval domain, I seek to assess the tactical benefits a user of low probability of intercept radar may have. The analysis indicates that until electronic support measurement systems with the ability to detect radar systems using low output power are available it is still possible to gain tactical advantages with such systems.