The diploma thesis concentrates on the stress that the vast majority of employees face today. The thesis analyzes the various types of stress, its indication and manifestation. Furthemore, the factors that contribute to stress, their identification and elimination are also discussed. The focus of the thesis is on the theoretical analyzis of the problems. Moreover, it measures the stressors on the workplace, too. Specifically, it evaluates the level of stress in P&L spol. s.r.o. In the conclusion, the recommendations that decrease the detected stress factors are given.

No description available.

Music teachers are often exposed to high levels of stress which can oftentimes lead to feelings of dejection, anxiety, and depression. Teachers who work in Swedish Community Schools of Music and Arts have reported an increase in the levels of stress the last 5 years. There’s a dearth of scientific research in this area despite these reports. Hence, the aim of this study is to illuminate the stress-related experiences of music teachers who work within the Swedish Community Schools of Music and Arts and their description of the challenges associated with their profession. In this study organizational structural frame factors are explored to find how the frameworks can cause stressors to form, which in turn leads to stress. The results show how a variety of stressors were caused by different frame factors like insufficient time for preparation, working hours, organizational volatility regarding resources and policies, and municipal unidirectional communication. Some of the stressors were found to prompt adaptive responses, preventing the emergence of new stressors, while others were identified as contributing to a recursive cycle of stressor creation when the teachers expressed an inability to control the stressors. / Hög stressintensitet är något som musiklärare får uppleva dagligen och det kan i många fall vara det som orsakar nedstämdhet, ångest, och depression. Kulturskolelärare är en grupp som rapporterat en ökning av stressintensitet över de senaste 5 åren. Trots detta finns det väldigt lite forskning som berör just ämnet stress i kulturskolan. Därför ämnar detta arbete belysa musiklärares beskrivna upplevelser av stress kopplat till kulturskolearbete. I denna studie undersöks de ramfaktorer som beskrivs skapa stressorer inom kulturskolelärarnas vardag. Resultatet visar på att vissa ramfaktoriella ram-, regel-, och målsystem skapar stressorer som i sin tur leder till bildandet av stress. Stressorerna som beskrivs uppstå kan bero på brist på förberedelse- eller planeringstid, arbetstider, organisatorisk volatilitet kring förutsättningar och riktlinjer, samt envägskommunikation från ledning. Dessa stressorer bidrar ibland till anpassningar som förebygger skapandet av nya stressorer men i vissa fall beskrivs stressorerna bidra till rekursiva stressorskapande processer i de fallen då kulturskolelärarna inte har någon möjlighet att påverka stressorerna i sig.

Объектом исследования являются стресс и стрессоустойчивость старших подростков. Предметом исследования стал стресс и стрессоустойчивость старших подростков к современным стрессорам во внешней среде. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (63 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 85 страниц, на которых размещены 4 рисунка и 25 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируется гипотеза, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор статей и отечественной литературы по теме повышения стрессоустойчивости старших подростков к неблагоприятным условиям внешней среды. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию показателей структурных составляющих стресса и стрессоустойчивости у старших подростков. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: методика выявления степени подверженности стрессорным воздействиям» Е.А Тарасова, Шкала PSM-25 Лемура-Тесье-Филлиона (адаптация Н.Е. Водопьяновой), методика диагностики тревожности Ч.Д. Спилбергера (адаптация Ю.Л. Ханина), «Диагностика стрессоустойчивости личности» Н.П. Фетискина. Также в главе представлена разработка и апробация программы тренинга по повышению стрессоустойчивости старших подростков к неблагоприятным условиям внешней среды. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study is stress and stress tolerance of older adolescents. The subject of the study is stress and stress tolerance of older adolescents to modern stressors in the external environment. Master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusion, list of literature (63 sources) and an appendiсes, including forms of applied methods. The volume of the master's thesis is 85 pages with 4 figures and 25 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the issues, sets the purpose and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates hypothesis, specifies the methods and empirical basis, as well as the stages of the study, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of articles and domestic literature on the topic of increasing stress tolerance of older adolescents to unfavorable external environment. Sections devoted to the study of indicators of structural components of stress and stress tolerance of their interrelationships in older adolescents are presented. The conclusions of the first chapter represent the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the research. It presents a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: the technique of identifying the degree of exposure to stressors” E.A. Tarasov, PSM-25 Lemur-Tessier-Phillion Scale (adapted by N.E. Vodopyanova), anxiety diagnostic technique C.D. Spielberger (adapted by Y.L. Khanin), ‘Diagnostics of personality stress resistance’ N.P. Fetiskin. Also, the chapter presents the development and approbation of the training program to improve stress tolerance of older adolescents unfavorable external environment. The conclusions of Chapter 2 include the main results of the empirical study. The conclusion summarizes the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses, substantiates the practical significance of the study and describes possible development perspective of this issue.

Afrikaans text / Die doel van die navorsingstudie was om die voorkoms en hantering van stressors en stres by welsynsorganisasies in die Boland streek te ondersoek ten einde aanbevelings aan die Bestuur van welsynsorganisasies te maak met die oog op voorkoming en vermindering van stres in die werksplek. Vyftien (15) welsynsorganisasies en agtien (18) maatskaplikewerkbestuurders in die Boland streek is by die ondersoek betrek. Slegs veertien (14) maatskaplikewerkbestuurders het aan die ondersoek deelgeneem. Die navorsingsproses is deur kwantitatiewe navorsing gerig en die navorsinginligting is met behulp van literatuurstudie en ‘n gestruktureerde vraelys bekom. Na aanleiding van die empiriese ondersoek is die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat Maatskaplikewerkbestuurders in die Boland streek werkstres ervaar en dat die meeste privaat-; en staatswelsynsorganisasies nie oor programme vir die voorkoming van stres beskik nie. Daar word aanbeveel dat die Bestuur van welsynsorganisasies die verantwoordelikheid moet neem om stres in die werksplek te bestuur deur die daarstelling van stres voorkomingstrategieë. / The purpose of this research study was to investigate the occurrence of stressors and stress in the private-; as well as government welfare organisation in the Boland region and to make recommendations to the Management of welfare organisations regarding the prevention and decrease of stress in the workplace. Fifteen (15) welfare organisations with eighteen (18) social work managers were approached, but only fourteen (14) participated in the investigation. The research process was directed by quantitative research and research information being obtained through literature study and a structured questionnaire. With reference to the empirical study, it was established that social workers in the Boland region experience stress in the workplace and most of the welfare organisations do not have stress prevention programmes available for social work personnel. It is recommended that the Management of welfare organisations institute stress management programmes with the focus on management of stress through stress prevention strategies. / Social Work / M.A. (SS)

The profession of general intensive care nurse is specific in its high demands on physical, technical, ethical and mental abilities of each individual. The thesis focusses on the mental stress of the nurse, analyses potentially high-risk professional situations the nurse encounters and proposes methods for their management. The topic of mental stress and its handling has, and will, have important impact on the field. The goal of the thesis is to map the psychologically challenging situations that all of the 129 nurses approached in a smaller local medical facility considered as difficult to handle and thus have impact on their ability to cope with a demanding job. The situations are defined and evaluated using predefined hypotheses. The results of an anonymous quantitative questionnaire clearly show that the largest levels of stress and discomfort are caused by situations which are "directly connected to medical care provided by the general intensive care and accident and emergency nurse". The least discomfort is perceived in situations described as "indirectly connected to intensive care / A&E nurse duties", such as irregular working patterns and work during public holidays. The results are presented in a graphical form. We conclude by observing that unlike large-scales studies that commonly...

Coral cover is in decline on a global scale, with increased mortality events being attributed to a number of global and regional stressors. While the impacts of global stressors (e.g. sea surface temperature rise, ocean acidification) are well documented, there is growing interest in identifying and understanding the impacts of regional stressors. The reason for this change in focus is that regional stressors can often work in combination, sometimes synergistically, with global stressors and that stressors on a regional scale tend to be more easily mitigated by management practices. One regional stressor that impacts a myriad of marine organisms in the southeastern United States is the annual red tide blooms produced by the dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. Their impacts, along with the lipid soluble polyether neurotoxins they produce, termed brevetoxins, are well studied in economically important organisms, such as bivalves. However, little is known of their impacts on organisms that possess ecological importance, such as species of scleractinian coral. To address this gap in knowledge, a multifaceted study is discussed herein, which evaluated the effects of ecologically relevant concentrations of K. brevis and associated brevetoxins on different coral life history stages and coral species. The second chapter addresses the impacts of red tide on larval behavior, settlement and survival of the coral species Porites astreoides, as well as impacts of photochemical efficiency and oxidative stress within different coral species (P. astreoides larvae, P. astreoides adults, Acropora cervicornis, Cladocora arbuscula, and Phyllangia americana). The third chapter confers the use of broad-scale proteomic analysis to identify the cellular response of the non-model coral species, P. astreoides, following exposure to red tide. Coral larvae actively avoided both medium and high bloom conditions of K. brevis and brevetoxins, while percent larval settlement and survival were impacted following exposure to high bloom concentrations of K. brevis. Photochemical efficiency of in hospite Symbiodinium was reduced following exposure to both K. brevis and brevetoxin in P. astreoides larvae, as well as exposure to K. brevis in P. astreoides adults, while being unimpacted in A. cervicornis. Compared to controls, high bloom conditions resulted in an increase in biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in C. arbuscula. This was also seen in P. astreoides larvae at 24 hours; however, this difference was indistinguishable following 48 hours. Surprisingly, no other biomarker of oxidative stress analyzed were impacted. Broad-scale proteomic analysis of P. astreoides following exposure to red tide conditions revealed variable changes in proteome expression depending on if the corals were exposed to K. brevis or brevetoxins. Exposure to brevetoxins resulted in differential expression of proteins related to DNA organization, chromatin formation and transcription expression; while exposure to K. brevis resulted in differential expression of proteins related to redox homeostasis, protein folding, energy metabolism, and production of reactive oxygen species. The results of this study demonstrate the potential for annual red tide blooms to act as a regional stressor on coral species. They highlight the ability of red tide conditions to negatively impact coral at multiple life history stages and that the extent of these effects may be species specific. They also provide further incite of coral’s response to red tide exposure at the cellular level.

No description available.

Features of impulsivity underlie multiple psychological disorders. The body of work examining impulsivity has largely focussed on self-report measurement and has incorporated psychological constructs without reference to the broader biological factors that may influence impulsive behaviour. Two studies were conducted to examine whether environmental stress and genetic status associated with dopaminergic and serotonergic function (DRD2, ANKK1 and 5HT2AR genotypes) were predictive of dimensions of impulsivity and risky behaviour (alcohol use). The two studies used a multi-method approach in a non-clinical community sample of young adults (aged 17-25 years). Dopamine is integral to the two leading theories of impulsive personality, Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Cloninger's Psychobiological model of personality. Dopamine plays a crucial role in reward reinforcement circuits in the brain. The A1 allele of the ANKK1 gene (also referred to as TaqIA of the DRD2 gene region) and the CC genotype of the C957T polymorphism of the DRD2 gene have both been associated with reduced D2 dopamine receptor density in key structures linked to brain reward. In addition, a strong body of evidence implicates their involvement in a number of clinical disorders associated with impulsivity. Serotonin function has also been associated with impulsivity in Cloninger's theory and there is also evidence of associations of two polymorphisms of the 2A serotonin receptor gene (5HT2AR T102C and -1438A/G SNPs) with impulsivity. Acute and chronic forms of stress are also important correlates of impulsive behaviour and the two studies directly examined the relationship between genotype, stress and impulsivity. Study 1 (N=180) utilised a cross-sectional design and examined interactions between these polymorphisms and chronic stress exposure on key impulsivity dimensions of reward sensitivity, Novelty Seeking and rash impulsiveness. Participants completed psychological questionnaires measuring chronic stress, dimensions of impulsivity, mood and substance use and provided mouth swab samples of buccal mucosal cells for DNA analysis. The study confirmed the association between A1 and CC allelic status and chronic stress being associated with harm avoidance and sensitivity to punishment. This suggests a role for both dopamine and background stress in impulsive behaviour. Study 2 (N=73) built upon this questionnaire research in the laboratory by utilising experimental psychological paradigms of impulsive behaviour and experimentally manipulating acute stress. Study 2 employed a mixed experimental design with a sub-sample of those studied in the cross-sectional sample. These behavioural paradigms included pre- and post- stress induction administration of the Card Arranging Reward Responsiveness Objective Test (capturing behavioural approach in the presence of reward cues, presumed to reflect reward sensitivity) and post-induction delay discounting and response inhibition measures. Study 2 confirmed the role of one of the two dopamine-related polymorphisms, with those with A1+ allelic status demonstrating lower reward responsiveness prior to rest or stress induction, which was overcome in the second administration of this task, independent of environment. A1+ allelic individuals also demonstrated significantly poorer response inhibition independent of stress, further confirming the association between A1+ allelic status and impulsivity. Those with CC allelic status showed an increase in reward responsiveness only in the stress induction condition. Together, results from the two studies inform the development of a multidimensional model of impulsivity that captures gene-environment influences on discrete aspects of impulsive personality and behaviour. Further refinement of this model may lead to the development of more effective customised prevention and treatment interventions for clinically disordered impulsivity. The implications of dopaminergic systems and stress in understanding disorders such as ADHD and substance dependence are discussed.

Afrikaans text / Die doel van die navorsingstudie was om die voorkoms en hantering van stressors en stres by welsynsorganisasies in die Boland streek te ondersoek ten einde aanbevelings aan die Bestuur van welsynsorganisasies te maak met die oog op voorkoming en vermindering van stres in die werksplek. Vyftien (15) welsynsorganisasies en agtien (18) maatskaplikewerkbestuurders in die Boland streek is by die ondersoek betrek. Slegs veertien (14) maatskaplikewerkbestuurders het aan die ondersoek deelgeneem. Die navorsingsproses is deur kwantitatiewe navorsing gerig en die navorsinginligting is met behulp van literatuurstudie en ‘n gestruktureerde vraelys bekom. Na aanleiding van die empiriese ondersoek is die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat Maatskaplikewerkbestuurders in die Boland streek werkstres ervaar en dat die meeste privaat-; en staatswelsynsorganisasies nie oor programme vir die voorkoming van stres beskik nie. Daar word aanbeveel dat die Bestuur van welsynsorganisasies die verantwoordelikheid moet neem om stres in die werksplek te bestuur deur die daarstelling van stres voorkomingstrategieë. / The purpose of this research study was to investigate the occurrence of stressors and stress in the private-; as well as government welfare organisation in the Boland region and to make recommendations to the Management of welfare organisations regarding the prevention and decrease of stress in the workplace. Fifteen (15) welfare organisations with eighteen (18) social work managers were approached, but only fourteen (14) participated in the investigation. The research process was directed by quantitative research and research information being obtained through literature study and a structured questionnaire. With reference to the empirical study, it was established that social workers in the Boland region experience stress in the workplace and most of the welfare organisations do not have stress prevention programmes available for social work personnel. It is recommended that the Management of welfare organisations institute stress management programmes with the focus on management of stress through stress prevention strategies. / Social Work / M.A. (SS)