This treatise investigates the potential for law (including courts and tribunals) to intervene and act as a lever for the protection and advancement of the rights of the child including the right to basic education. The dissertation critically explores the debate on the educator‟s right to strike and fair labour practices and the child‟s right to education, by assessing the rights and liberties, which accrue to educators and the child (learners) in terms of existing law. The South African Constitution has made specific provision for the protection of the rights of children and the rights of educators and these rights are fundamental to the development of a society in transition. The vexed question that arises is whether these rights can co-exist in a society that has inherited a legacy of discrimination and inequality. The consequences of this legacy have resulted in the rights of educators competing with those of learners. The normalisation of the balance of these opposite rights is the challenge that lies ahead and this process will require intervention of all stakeholders rather than purely legislative intervention. This dissertation recommends a consensus-based approach, which is the most appropriate solution to balance the rights of educators with this of the child‟s right to education, as opposed to a declaration of the education sector as an essential service. It further proposes the establishment of a more structured and organised forum / institution and its sole purpose would be to deal with the individual or collective rights of educators that compete with the rights of learners.

This research adds on to Chaulk & Brown (2008) research on the assessment of employees’ reaction towards management and the union in the pre-strike and post-strike period. Research problem: The study raised two aspects that form part of the statement of the problem. Firstly, strike action has been a major aspect describing the South African industrial relations climate. The high level of strike action prompts the question; “Are South Africans World Class Strikers?” (Anstey, 2006). Secondly, the analysis of strike action has focussed more on the economic and power testing impact analysis rather than psychological and affective impact analysis of the strike such as establishing the impact of the strike on job satisfaction, work climate satisfaction, organisational commitment, management satisfaction, and union commitment. Research objectives: To address the research problem, research objectives, research questions and hypotheses were established. The main objective of the study was to examine the causes, processes and the impact of the strike, thereby making a contribution to both theory and practice. Whereas the contribution to theory took a form of building on to the research carried out by Chaulk & Brown (2008), and exploring through the process analysis on how behaviour during the conflict impacts on the ongoing relationships within the organisation, the contribution to practice took a form of highlighting to management and unions the impact of the strike on employees so that necessary interventions to prevent the negative impact of the strike would be created. Research questions: Six research questions were established and these were; what were the causes of the strike; how did the strike unfold; what were the substantive outcomes of the strike; what were the procedural outcomes of the strike; what were the climate outcomes of the strike; is there a relationship between the demographic factors and the affective outcomes of the strike? Research hypotheses; Five research hypotheses were established for the research. These hypotheses were aimed at establishing the impact of the strike on the affective outcomes of the strike. These were; there was a significant change in the level of organizational commitment after the strike; there was a significant change in the level of job satisfaction after the strike; there was a significant change in the level of work climate satisfaction after the strike; there was a significant change in the level of management satisfaction after the strike; and there is was significant change in the level of union commitment after the strike. Research design and methodology: Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect data. Qualitatively, interviews, media reports and the Municipality records were being used to collect data on the causes, processes and outcomes of the strike. Quantitatively a survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was collected from 105 Traffic Officers who had recently been on strike in the NMBM. Measures of organisational and union commitment, employee job satisfaction, and work climate satisfaction were assessed using the Chaulk & Brown (2008) questionnaire. A paired sample t-test, ANOVA test, and Scheffe test and Cronbach’s alpha, were some of the quantitative methods used in data analysis. Henning’s approach was used to analyze qualitative data. Major findings: The results from the questionnaire revealed that job satisfaction, work climate satisfaction and management satisfaction significantly changed in the post-strike period. In addition, impact of demographic factors on affective factors was evident for participation in the strike and the level of union commitment; age and job satisfaction; occupational level and job satisfaction; and service length and union commitment.

Thesis (M. A. (Sociology)) --University of Limpopo, 2017 / The purpose of this study was to explain the events surrounding the Marikana miners’ strike in 2012, using Marxism’s concept of class consciousness. The labour disputes witnessed at Marikana in 2012 represent one of the major labour movements that South Africa has witnessed since the inception of democracy. This study adopted qualitative research methods to inquire into the events of the Marikana 2012 labour disputes. Methods used in this study include qualitative research, descriptive research design, Marxism critical inquiry, purposive sampling and critical discourse analysis. Moreover, the study investigated employee relations in the mining sector. In addition, this study also examined the Marikana miner’s working and living conditions and probed the role of social control agencies, including, trade unions, bargaining councils and the police, during the protests. This study proposes a fair distribution of wealth in the mining sector and the removal of the Migrant Labour System. Additionally, this study recommends transparency in the mining sector, the transformation of the education system and the restructuring of trade unions. / University of Limpopo Research Office

Dans le Royaume-Uni de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, malgré une économie de guerre conditionnée par la production en charbon, l’industrie houillère est le premier secteur en grève. Les 3 473 grèves minières qui éclatent entre 1940 et 1944 constituent près de la moitié des grèves britanniques. Accusés de saper l’effort national, les mineurs se heurtent aux impératifs du patriotisme et à la politique de coopération nationale des institutions syndicales. À rebours des approches hors sol des mobilisations qui ont longtemps dominé l’historiographie, nous proposons d’explorer ces grèves from below, saisies sur le vif et ancrées dans le quotidien des communautés minières. Nous nous intéressons à la manière dont le conflit entre patriotisme et justice sociale se manifeste, à la mine comme au pub. Nous proposons en outre une étude nouvelle du décret 1305 interdisant les grèves. Où observe-t-on le heurt entre les grévistes et le droit ? Comment les grévistes sont-ils jugés (ou non) ? Comment, en retour, les mineurs jugent-ils le droit, y résistent ou le contournent ? Les grèves sont donc aussi saisies comme lieu où s’éprouve l’univers normatif des acteurs, ébranlé par l’irruption de la guerre. Les principes du juste salaire, en particulier, sont à réinventer – dans les grandes vagues de grèves du printemps 1942 et de l’hiver 1944, dans la grève emblématique des mineurs de Betteshanger, comme dans les soulèvements plus méconnus des pit boys gallois. La thèse montre notamment que les bouleversements des hiérarchies de statut et de genre provoqués par le conflit jouent un rôle central dans les revendications salariales des grévistes. Elle le fait à travers une ethnographie historique qui conjugue : une revisite historienne des enquêtes de terrain entreprises par le Mass Observation durant la guerre ; une exploration de leurs conditions de production (collectif, dispositif et pratiques d’enquête) ; et un retour contemporain sur ces terrains à travers une enquête orale menée auprès de mineurs et de Bevin Boys. En cela la thèse se veut également une contribution à l’histoire du Mass Observation (1937-1949), ce singulier collectif de recherche extra-universitaire et autodidacte qui constitue un épisode négligé de l’histoire des sciences sociales britanniques. / During the Second World War, coal was essential to Britain’s war effort. Yet, in 1940-1944, the coal industry accounted for almost half of all strikes. Surprisingly, industrial relations studies have given little attention to the way ‘ordinary miners’ thought about militancy in wartime. Using thickly-textured empirical studies, this thesis unveils how these strikes were experienced and legitimized by the miners. It aims to explore these strikes from below, grounded in the daily life of mining communities. It asks: how did the conflict between patriotism and social justice express itself, both in the mine and at the pub? A central focus of the thesis is on the way the war disrupted the normative worlds and moral economy of miners on strike.A first important avenue of research is centered on Order 1305 which outlawed strikes and criminalized strikers. This thesis starts by providing a detailed analysis of the ways Order 1305 was used and of the difficulties encountered by the ministries in prosecuting strikers. Using a little-known Mass Observation survey, it then provides a reassessment of the January 1942 strike at Betteshanger Colliery, Kent, which has come to symbolize the failure of Order 1305. It then turns to another untapped source: that of the protest letters sent to the Ministry of Labour and the Home Office in the aftermath of the Betteshanger miners’ trial. This thesis then examines how the cry for fair wages became a burning issue for miners in wartime. It highlights the important role played by changing status and gender hierarchies in these claims. In this section, the thesis first turns to the 1942 strikes and to the South Wales pit boys’ strikes. It then pays particular attention to the comparisons made by striking miners with the munitions workers’ high wages. A new perspective on this issue is provided by the survey undertaken by Mass Observation in Blaina and Nantyglo, two Welsh mining towns where miners and munitions workers were close neighbours. They reveal how, within the mining communities, these claims for “fair wages” were connected to issues of consumption, morality, gender, and respectability. Finally, the thesis argues for the need to include Bevin Boys into our understanding of the 1944 Porter Award Strikes. This thesis offers a “historical ethnography”, combining the following features:: first, an analysis of Mass Observation mining surveys; second, a study of the research design and methods of these wartime surveys; third, 43 oral history interviews conducted with miners and Bevin Boys in the very mining communities studied by Mass Observation. In that sense, this thesis also contributes to the history of Mass Observation (1937-1949), which still constitutes a neglected episode in the history of British social sciences.

No description available.

University of the Witwatersrand Discipline of Psychology MASTERS RESEARCH REPORT / This study conducted a thematic content analysis qualitative methods approach to explore the perceptions of the “Impact of the 2012 Marikana labour unrest on labour and industrial relations in South Africa”. Perceptions of industrial relations stakeholder role efficacy; causes and consequences of labour-management conflict, intra-union conflict and inter-union conflict are discussed. Economic, political, sociological factors as well as the influence of group dynamics are discussed to frame the impact of the 2012 Marikana incident on labour and industrial relations in South Africa.

No description available.

Thesis (LLM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / The study will analyse the legal position of the right to strike and the consequences of participating in an unlawful strike. The study will provide a brief practical implication of employees dismissed for participation in an unlawful and/or unprotected strike and the employer’s right to reemploy any employee dismissed for a misconduct relating to unlawful and/or unprotected strike. The study will further make a brief comparison with the labour law position relating to strikes in the United Kingdom (“UK”). At the end provide recommendations on how the law on participation on unlawful and/or unprotected strikes and reemployed of employees dismissed on misconduct relating to participation in an unprotected strike can be developed and improved.

La presente investigación planteó como objetivo proponer la incorporación del modelo polivalente del derecho a huelga a efectos de regular un universo de modalidades para el ejercicio efectivo de la medida de fuerza. En esa línea, resultó necesario comprobar la ineficiencia de la modalidad clásica conforme a piezas doctrinarias y jurisprudenciales; a su vez, se enfatizó en la naturaleza dinámica del modelo polivalente que provee de diversos mecanismos a la organización sindical para la consecución de sus fines. Por otro lado, la metodología empleada fue cualitativa, de tipo descriptivo, bibliográfico y analítico. Para finalizar, de los resultados obtenidos se resaltó que la modalidad clásica es deficiente, en cuanto a que, la paralización de actividades no es efectiva para causar una afectación en todas las empresas debido a que contemplan distintos procesos de producción, no generándose el daño lícito buscado. En ese sentido, se concluye que el modelo polivalente es considerado como la máxima expresión de la libertad sindical y su ejercicio genera la presión esperada hacia el empleador; asimismo, la desconexión digital al ser incompatible con la modalidad clásica demanda su debida protección en el ordenamiento jurídico. / The objective of this research was to propose the incorporation of the multipurpose model of the right to strike to regulate a universe of modalities for the effective exercise of the measure of force. Along these lines, it was necessary to verify the inefficiency of the classical modality according to doctrinal and jurisprudential pieces; in turn, the dynamic nature of the multipurpose model that provides different mechanisms to the union organization to achieve its goals was emphasized. On the other hand, the methodology used was qualitative, descriptive, bibliographic and analytical. Finally, from the results obtained, it was highlighted that the classic modality is deficient, in that the stoppage of activities is not effective in causing an impact on all companies because they contemplate different production processes, not generating legal damage. sought. In this sense, it is concluded that the multipurpose model is considered the maximum expression of union freedom, and its exercise generates the expected pressure on the employer; Likewise, digital disconnection, being incompatible with the classic modality, demands its due protection in the legal system.

In the first section of the dissertation, strike law in the Netherlands is focused upon. The following issues are inter alia dealt with: the historical background of the strike phenomenon, the right to strike and restrictions on this right, the reluctance of the Dutch legislature to legislate in the field of industrial action, and the directly applicable provisions of the European Social Charter. The second section of the dissertation deals with South African strike law and also starts off with a discussion of the historical background thereof, whereafter the provisions of the 1995 Labour Relations Act are analysed and discussed. The third and last section highlights some of the major differences and points to some similarities between the two legal systems. It concludes that the detailed South African labour legislation does not provide more certainty than the Dutch judge-made law in respect of the law relating to strikes. / Law / LL.M.