Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Neste texto, à mostrado que conjuntos definÃveis bi-Lipschitz homeomorfos tem cones tangentes bi-Lipschitz homeomorfos. AlÃm disso, no caso de conjuntos analÃticos complexos, regularidade Lipschitz ou regularidade topolÃgica forte implica em regularidade analÃtica. TambÃm à feito um estudo regularidade de conjuntos analÃticos reais. Ademais, à dada uma classificaÃÃo completa para curvas analÃticas complexas no espaÃo e sÃo apresentados alguns resultados sobre invariÃncia da multiplicidade. Em especial, à mostrado que a multiplicidade mod 2 de conjuntos analÃticos reais à invariante por difeomorfismos. / In this paper, it is shown that definable sets bi-Lipschitz homeomorphic have tangent cones bi-Lipschitz homeomorphic. Furthermore, in the case of complex analytical sets, Lipschitz regularity or strong topological regularity implies analytical regularity. It is also done a complete study on regularity of real analytic sets. Furthermore, it is given a complete classification for complex analytical curves in space and are shown some results about invariance of the multiplicity. In particular, it is shown that the multiplicity of real analytical sets is invariant mod 2 under diffeomorphisms.

Equipamentos médicos equipados com interface de rede, classificados como sensores, transmitem informações sensíveis sobre a rede, constituindo uma rede de sensores. Essa rede pode ser utilizada para o acompanhamento remoto de pacientes a domicílio, com a finalidade de propiciar comodidade ao paciente. As informações provenientes desses sensores são vulneráveis, necessitando assim de fortes mecanismos de segurança. Devido às vulnerabilidades, métodos mais eficazes de autenticação vêm sendo desenvolvidos. Porém, as soluções de autenticação existentes obrigam a interação direta dos usuários com o sistema, não respeitando suas individualidades. Dessa forma, esta dissertação propõe uma solução de autenticação forte a qual retira a necessidade de interação do usuário com o sistema, baseando-se nos fatores de biometria e localização. O autenticador desenvolvido, foi testado através de estudos de casos distintos para mostrar sua eficiência e viabilidade para utilização em um ambiente real. / Medical devices equipped with network interfaces, classified as sensors, transmit sensitive information through the network and form a sensor network. This network can be used to monitor patients at home remotely. The information from these sensors is vulnerable and requires strong security mechanisms. Because of vulnerabilities, more effective authentication methods have been developed. However, the current authentication solutions require direct interaction of the user with the system, which does not respect their individuality. Thus, this dissertation proposes a strong authentication solution in which the interaction of the user with the system is removed based on biometrics and location factors. The developed authenticator was tested through different case studies to show its efficiency and feasibility before application in a real environment.

Orientadores: Gaston Eduardo Barberis, Pascoal José Giglio Pagliuso / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T22:20:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CalderonFilho_CesarJose_M.pdf: 21461723 bytes, checksum: 3089cf622e6e81e41b460dc218211be3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Na física da materia condensada, o estudo de sistemas de eletrons fortemente correlacionados é, com certeza, um dos problemas mais interessantes tanto do ponto de vista experimental como teórico, e são estes materiais que tem sido utilizados recentemente em aplicações tecnológicas. Destes compostos, os multiferroicos apresentam um conjunto de propriedades físicas muito rico. Estes materiais apresentam pelo menos duas das seguintes correlações de longo alcance: (anti)ferromagnetismo, ferroelasticidade e ferroeletricidade. Porém, as transições não precisam ser necessariamente correlacionadas, mas quando são, estas ocorrem simultaneamente, e o efeito magnetoelétrico pode ser induzido por campo. Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidos cálculos numéricos que simulam o acoplamento magnetoelétrico presente nos multiferróicos minimizando a energia através da técnica de Monte Carlo. Foram desenvolvidos dois modelos muito simples. O primeiro modelo acopla uma rede de Ising 2D com spin 1/2 com uma rede de dipolos elétricos tambem 2D; este acoplamento e tal que a mudança de direção de um dado spin reorienta uma dada componente perpendicular do dipolo elétrico vizinho a este mesmo spin. Assim, para este primeiro modelo, as transições de fase das redes elétrica e magnetica ocorrem na mesma temperatura, sendo o hamiltoniano dependente de três parâmetros. Para o segundo modelo, foram utilizadas novamente duas redes, uma rede de Ising 2D com spin 1/2, e uma rede elétrica que se comporta da mesma maneira que uma rede de Ising 2D. Neste caso, o acoplamento entre o spin e o dipolo eletrico ocorre através de um sistema de dois níveis, gerando a possibilidade de temperaturas de transição independentes para as duas redes. Este segundo modelo tambem depende de três parâmetros / Abstract: In condensed matter physics, the study of strongly correlated electron systems is certainly one of the most interesting problems both from the experimental and the theoretical points of view, also these materials recently being used in technological applications. Among these compounds, the multiferroics show a very rich set of physical properties. These materials have at least two of the following long-range correlations: (anti)ferromagnetism, ferroelasticity and ferroelectricity. However, the transitions need not necessarily to be correlated, but when it happens, they occur simultaneously, and the magnetoelectric effect can be induced by field. In this work, numerical calculations have been developed to simulate the magnetoelectric coupling present in the multiferroics minimizing the energy through Monte Carlo technique. Two simple models have been developed. The first model couples a spin 1/2 2D Ising magnetic lattice with to a 2D lattice of classic electric dipoles; this coupling is such that the change in the spin direction reorients a perpendicular component of the electric dipole neighbor of this same spin. Therefore, for this first model, the phase transitions of the magnetic and electric lattices occur at the same temperature, and the Hamiltonian is dependent of three parameters. For the second model, two lattices have been used again, a 2D Ising lattice for the magnetic system and an electric lattice that also behaves as a 2D Ising lattice. In this case, the coupling between the spin and the electric dipole occurs through a two-level system, generating the possibility of the independent transition temperatures for the two systems. This second model also contains three independent parameters / Mestrado / Física da Matéria Condensada / Mestre em Física

The goal of this thesis was to implement a DVB-T receiver on Coresonic’s DSP-processor and attempt to evaluate how to design a receiver that is robust against very strong echoes with a long delay. Long delayed echoes is very common in Single Frequency Networks (SFN) which is why focus was put on finding algorithms that work well in SFN.The thesis involved analyzing different algorithms involved in making a DVB-T receiver where the focus was to find a good channel estimation algorithm. The thesis also included programming the DSP-processor and making some smaller modifications to their hardware solution to integrate their error correction hardware. After finding relevant articles with promising algorithms a small transmitter, channel and receiver was modeled in Matlab in order to try the different algorithms. After testing the different algorithms some of the simpler ones were first implemented to quickly get a working receiver. The implementation was however time consuming and all of the most appropriate algorithms to better avert the effects of long and strong echoes where not implemented. This means some algorithms where only analyzed and discussed.The receiver performance is tested and simulated in Coresonic’s DSP simulator. The receiver does not fully meet the requirements set by NorDig when it comes to handling long delay spread echoes with a magnitude of 0db when tested in the DSP processor simulator. The receiver is however able to handle the Ricean channel at a SNR of 19 Db and Rayleigh channel at an SNR of 24 Db.This report is the result of the final thesis of a Master of Science in Computer Engineering at Linköpings Tekniska Högskola. The thesis was performed at Coresonic AB in Mjärdevi Linköping.

We report on the galaxy MACSJ0032-arc at z(CO) = 3.6314 discovered during the Herschel Lensing snapshot Survey of massive galaxy clusters, and strongly lensed by the cluster MACSJ0032.1+1808. The successful detections of its rest-frame ultraviolet (UV), optical, far-infrared (FIR), millimeter, and radio continua, and of its CO emission enable us to characterize, for the first time at such a high redshift, the stellar, dust, and molecular gas properties of a compact star-forming galaxy with a size smaller than 2.5 kpc, a fairly low stellar mass of 4.8(-1.0)(+0.5) x 10(9) M circle dot, and a moderate IR luminosity of 4.8(-0.6)(+1.2) x 10(11) L circle dot. By combining the stretching effect of the lens with the high angular resolution imaging of the CO(10) line emission and the radio continuum at 5 GHz, we find that the bulk of the molecular gas mass and star formation seems to be spatially decoupled from the rest-frame UV emission. About 90% of the total star formation rate is undetected at rest-frame UV wavelengths because of severe obscuration by dust, but is seen through the thermal FIR dust emission and the radio synchrotron radiation. The observed CO(43) and CO(65) lines demonstrate that high-J transitions, at least up to J = 6, remain excited in this galaxy, whose CO spectral line energy distribution resembles that of high-redshift submm galaxies, even though the IR luminosity of MACSJ0032-arc is ten times lower. This high CO excitation is possibly due to the compactness of the galaxy. We find evidence that this high CO excitation has to be considered in the balance when estimating the CO-to-H-2 conversion factor. Indeed, the respective CO-to-H-2 conversion factors as derived from the correlation with metallicity and the FIR dust continuum can only be reconciled if excitation is accounted for. The inferred depletion time of the molecular gas in MACSJ0032-arc supports the decrease in the gas depletion timescale of galaxies with redshift, although to a lesser degree than predicted by galaxy evolution models. Instead, the measured molecular gas fraction as high as 6079% in MACSJ0032-arc favors the continued increase in the gas fraction of galaxies with redshift as expected, despite the plateau observed between z similar to 1.5 and z similar to 2.5.

This dissertation presents an algorithm for identifying galaxy groups, describes the effects of galaxy groups in the environments of strong gravitational lenses and elsewhere along their sightlines, and investigates the properties of brightest group galaxies. We develop an algorithm to identify galaxy groups and apply it to a large spectroscopic survey in the fields of 26 strong gravitational lenses. We identify 210 groups with at least five member galaxies having velocity dispersions of 60 ≤ σ grp ≤ 1200 km s −1 over a redshift range of 0.04 ≤ z grp ≤ 0.76. Using the group catalog defined by this algorithm, we study the environments and line-of-sight structures of 26 strong gravitational lenses. Using these systems to measure cosmological parameters requires an understanding of possible systematic errors as well as the large samples to combat random uncertainties that will be discovered by future surveys. We determine the impact of ignoring lens environments and groups elsewhere along the lens sightlines on H 0 . Lens groups that would bias H 0 high by ≥ 1% exist in 23% of our fields and similarly significant line-of-sight groups in 57%. For lens systems to be used for precision cosmology, the lens environments and line-of-sight groups must be considered to avoid the systematic biases they would cause if ignored. We also study the properties of brightest group galaxies. We compare their morphological, spectroscopic, photometric, and kinematic properties to those of other group galaxies and to a sample of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) from Tempel et al. (2014). There is a population (38%) of elliptical, quiescent BGGs as expected from local group and cluster samples. However, our sample also includes a diversity of BGG properties, including disks, disturbed morphologies, AGN, and star formation. BGG luminosities and colors are similar to those of BCGs. However,16 BGG colors show an intermediate amount of scatter between that of BCGs and other group galaxies. BGGs and other group galaxies also have similar phase space distributions. These diverse BGG properties suggest they are still evolving.

The role of social networking has widely been embraced in an entrepreneurial context due to its nature of providing easy access to information, support and other complementary resources needed for the creation and development of entrepreneurial venture (Omta et al., 2001; Johannisson,1990 cited in Song et al., 2017). The entrepreneurs’ network is affiliated with the study of social relations that can influence the creation and development of new business by shedding light on the functionality of social ties in the diffusion of resources that are vital for the establishment of firms (Greve, 1995). Therefore, studying the field of entrepreneurship in the context of social network can offer a fruitful perspective on entrepreneurship (Greve, 1995).Despite the vast and diverse research in the field of networking and entrepreneurship, there are still some gaps concerning what is actually going on in a network and the understanding about network operation, their nature and role in influencing business performance still limited to fairly broader and theoretical perspective (Jack, 2005). So, in line with these views, the purpose of this study is to explore and enhance the understanding of the networking in an entrepreneurial context by shedding light on the role of strong and weak social ties. The foundation of this study relies on Granovetter’s (1973, 1985) strong and weak tie hypothesis and Jack (2005) work, that by highlighting the characteristics, formation, and outcome of strong and weak social relationships contribute to building the concept of entrepreneur’s social network.A multiple case study of five entrepreneurs, operating their networks and businesses in Linköping, Sweden, has been conducted to achieve the purpose of this study. This research work uses a qualitative approach and is based on the semi-structured interviews, which allows a deeper insight into the studied area through analysis of multiple cases.The result of this study indicates that both the strong and weak social ties, in which an entrepreneur is bonded, are used to a varying level in terms of information flow. Strong relationships, that relies on frequent interaction, hold great importance in providing quality information as compared to weak relationships but simultaneously accountable for providing information that is useless and not up-to date. On, the other hand weak-ties contacts are dispersed in a social network and rarely interact with each other. But these weak connections are also important and play their role once get activated by entrepreneurs. Considering the information flow weaker relationships also occurred to be useful however the relatively small size of the town can mean that similar information is repeated by several connections. Since, the aspect of individual knowledge and experience help in the formation of new relationships but the result of this study highlights that, a personal motivation and drive towards networking also plays a crucial role in the formation of both strong and weak ties.The study findings can benefit the researchers and the entrepreneurs in developing their knowledge about networking and role of social ties in providing access to information and resources necessary for the creation and the development of venture. However, the strong connections hold a dominant position concerning the information and the resource flow but weak connections are also crucial and provide support in areas that strong connections lack. Thus, the entrepreneur that keeps the balance between both his/her strong and weak connections can efficiently reap the benefit of social networking.

We present a combined strong and weak lensing analysis of the J085007.6+360428 (J0850) field, which contains the massive cluster Zwicky 1953. This field was selected for its high projected concentration of luminous red galaxies. Using Subaru/Suprime-Cam BVR(c)I(c)i'z' imaging and MMT/Hectospec spectroscopy, we first perform a weak lensing shear analysis to constrain the mass distribution in this field, including the cluster at z = 0.3774 and a smaller foreground halo at z = 0.2713. We then add a strong lensing constraint from a multiply imaged galaxy in the imaging data with a photometric redshift of z approximate to 5.03. Unlike previous cluster-scale lens analyses, our technique accounts for the full three-dimensional mass structure in the beam, including galaxies along the line of sight. In contrast with past cluster analyses that used only lensed image positions as constraints, we use the full surface brightness distribution of the images. This method predicts that the source galaxy crosses a lensing caustic, such that one image is a highly magnified "fold arc" that could be used to probe the source galaxy's structure at ultra-high spatial resolution (< 30 pc). We calculate the mass of the primary cluster to be M-vir = 2.93(-0.65)(+0.71) x 10(15) M-circle dot. with a concentration of C-vir = 3.46(-0.59)(+0.70), consistent with the mass-concentration relation of massive clusters at a similar redshift. The large mass of this cluster makes J0850 an excellent field for leveraging lensing magnification to search for high-redshift galaxies, competitive with and complementary to that of well-studied clusters such as the HST Frontier Fields.

Cette thèse aborde le problème de la rupture localisée dans les roches, qui caractérise un grand nombre d'applications dans le domaine du génie civil, tels que la rupture du barrage, effondrement des fondations, la stabilité des excavations ou les tunnels, les glissements de terrain et les éboulements. Le risque de rupture localisée devrait être mieux appréhendé pour mieux l'éviter. La rupture localisée dans les roches est généralement caractérisée par une une rupture soudaine et quasi-fragile sans avertissement sous forme de grandes déformations et visibles avant la rupture elle-même. Cela se produit également sous l'influence des hétérogénéités matériels, des fissures existantes et d'autres défauts initiaux.Les trois nouveaux modèles numériques, intégrant les mécanismes de ruptures localisées, l'hétérogénéité de la roche et des fissures existantes et d'autres défauts, sont présentés dans cette thèse. Le premier modèle propose une représentation en 2D de roche composite à deux phases, où la phase solide représente la roche intacte et la faible phase indique les défauts initiaux. Le deuxième modèle représente l'extension du modèle précédent vers un espace 3D, où est considéré un ensemble complet de mécanismes de ruptures en 3D. Les propriétés hétérogènes sont considérées ici par une distribution aléatoire en accord avec la variation statistique de Gausse. Ce modèle est également utilisé pour l'analyse de la roche intacte par spécimens possédant des écarts de formes géométriques qui influencent la résistance à la compression uni-axiale. Le troisième modèle est un modèle en 2D, traitant l’interaction volumétrique entre un fluide et la structure sous l’influence de l’écoulement du fluide à travers le milieu de la roche poreuse.L'approche des lattices discrètes est choisie pour construire un cadre général pour les trois modèles, où les cellules de Voronoï représentent les grains de roche tenus ensemble par les poutres de Timoshenko comme des liens de cohésion. La cinématique améliorée est caractérisée par l'approche intégrée des discontinuités comme un supplément à la cinématique standard de liens cohérents. Cela sert pour la propagation de la macro fissure dans tous les modes de ruptures et de leurs combinaisons, entre les grains de la roche. La formation de la zone du processus de rupture suivie par des microfissures coalescentes, précédant la rupture localisée, est aussi considérée dans les modèles. L’écoulement du fluide est régi par la loi de Darcy, tandis que les conditions de couplage obéissent à la théorie de poroélasticité de Biot.Les résultats des modèles numériques ont été vérifiés par des exemples de la littérature dans le cas des modèles en 2D. Le modèle en 3D a été validé suite aux résultats expérimentaux effectués sur 90 échantillons de roches, où sont considérées de légères déviations géométriques des spécimens.La présentation de ces modèles, ainsi que leurs aspects de mise en œuvre sont présentés en détail. L’approche avec une discontinuité intrinsèque et le caractère local des améliorations nécessaires à la simulation des discontinuités de déplacement orientent vers la condensation statique des degrés de liberté améliorés sont efficacement intégrés dans l’architecture des éléments finis. / This thesis deals with the problem of localized failure in rocks, which occurs often in civil engineering practice like in dam failure, foundation collapse, stability of excavaations, slopes and tunnels, landslides and rock falls. The risk of localized failure should be better understood in order to be prevented. The localized failure in rocks is usually characterized by a sudden and brittle failure without warning in a sense of larger and visible deformations prior to failure. This happens also under the strong influence of material heterogeneities, preexisting cracks and other defects.The three novel numerical models, incorporating the localized failure mechanisms, heterogeneity of rock and preexisting cracks and other defects, are presented in this thesis. First model deals with 2D plane strain two-phase rock composite, where stronger phase represents the intact rock and weaker phase initial defects. Second model represents the extension of the previous model towards the 3D space, where full set of 3D failure mechanisms is considered. Heterogeneous properties are taken here through the random distribution and Gauss statistical variation of material properties. The latter model is also used for the analysis of intact rock core specimens geometrical shape deviations influencing the uni-axial compressive strength. Third model is a 2D, dealing with volumetric fluid-structure interaction and localized failure under the influence of fluid flow throughthe porous rock medium.The discrete beam lattice approach is chosen for general framework for three models, where Voronoi cells represent the rock grains kept together by Timoshenko beams as cohesive links. The enhanced kinematics characterized for embedded discontinuity approach is added upon standard kinematics of cohesive links. This serves for the macro crack propagation in all failure modes and their combinations, between the rock grains. The fracture process zone formation followed by micro-cracks coalescence, preceding the localized failure, is considered as well. Fluid flow is governed by a Darcy law, while coupling conditions obey Biot's theory of poroplasticity. The results of the numerical models were verified by the benchmarks available from literature in 2D case. The 3D model was validated against the experimental results conducted on 90 rock specimens, where even slight geometrical deviations of specimens are considered.Presentation of these models, as well as their implementation aspects are given in full detail. Embedded discontinuity concept and the local nature of enhancements required to capture the displacement discontinuities leads to the very efficient approach with static condensation of enhanced degrees of freedom and technique that can be efficiently incorporated into finite element code architecture.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Physics / Carlos A. Trallero / Ultra-fast spectroscopy has become a common tool for understanding the structure and dynamics of atoms and molecules, as evidenced by the award of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Ahmed H. Zewail for his pioneering work in femtochemistry. The use of shorter and more energetic laser pulses have given rise to high intensity table-top light sources in the visible and infrared which have pushed spectroscopic measurements of atomic and molecular systems into the strong-field limit. Within this limit, there are unique phenomena that are still not well understood. Many of such phenomena involve a photoionization step. For three decades, there has been a steady investigation of the single ionization of atomic systems in the strong-field regime both experimentally and theoretically. The investigation of the ionization of more complex molecular systems is of great interest presently and will help with the understanding of ultra-fast spectroscopy as a whole. In this thesis, we explore the single ionization of molecules in the presence of a strong electric field. In particular, we study molecular isomer pairs, molecules that are the same elementally, but different structurally. The main goal of this work is to compare the ionization yields of these similar molecular pairs as a function of intensity and gain some insight into what differences caused by their structure contribute to how they ionize in the strong-field limit. Through our studies we explore a wavelength dependence of the photoionization yield in order to move from the multi-photon regime of ionization to the tunneling regime with increasing wavelength. Also, in contrast to our strong-field studies, we investigate isomeric molecules in the weak-field limit through single photon absorption by measuring the total ionization yield as a function of photon energy. Our findings shed light on the complexities of photoionization in both the strong- and weak-field limits and will serve as examples for the continued understanding of single ionization both experimentally and theoretically.