Orientador: Benedito Barraviera / Resumo: Pode-se definir a Pesquisa Clínica como qualquer investigação científica realizada em seres humanos, com o intuito de descobrir ou verificar os efeitos farmacodinâmicos, farmacocinéticos, farmacológicos, clínicos e outros possíveis efeitos dos produtos investigados, além de avaliar sua segurança e eficácia, que poderão contribuir para o registro ou a alteração deste junto à Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). A Medicina Baseada em Evidências (MBE) veio preencher a lacuna com os conceitos fundamentais da Medicina e da Saúde de requererem evidências de eficácia, efetividade, eficiência e segurança para nortear decisões, tendo-se assim maiores probabilidades de acerto. Pelo lado econômico, a Pesquisa Clínica pode constituir uma alternativa para as empresas farmacêuticas nacionais competirem no terreno da inovação, por meio de estratégias menos custosas e arriscadas, como o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos associando moléculas já no mercado, novos usos para medicamentos, entre outras. Vários medicamentos apresentam faturamento maior para indicações terapêuticas diferentes daquela para a qual foram originalmente aprovados. Mais da metade dos novos medicamentos aprovados pelo FDA no período compreendido entre os anos de 1989 e 2000 foram moléculas conhecidas com algum tipo de modificação ou forma farmacêutica diferente. Dentre as pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos, os ensaios clínicos são os que necessitam de maior cuidado do ponto de vista ético, pois se caract... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Clinical Research may be defined as any scientific research carried out on human beings in order to discover or verify the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, pharmacological, clinical and other possible effects of the investigated products, and to evaluate their safety and efficacy, which may to contribute to the registration or alteration thereof with the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA). The Evidence-Based Medicine came to crown the fundamental concepts of Medicine and Health requiring evidence of efficacy, effectiveness, efficiency and safety to guide decisions, and thus more likely to be successful. On the economic side, Clinical Research may be an alternative for national pharmaceutical companies to compete in the field of innovation through less costly and risky strategies, such as the development of new drugs by linking molecules already on the market, new uses for medicines, among others . Several drugs have higher billing for therapeutic indications different from the one for which they were originally approved. More than half of the new drugs approved by the FDA in the period between 1989 and 2000 were known molecules with some kind of modification or different pharmaceutical form. Among the researches involving human beings, the clinical trials are those that need greater care from the ethical point of view, since they are characterized by intervention followed by prospective evaluation of groups of individuals. They can be therapeutic, testing the ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a Theatre For Young Audiences (TYA) paper and multimedia study guide and to investigate teachers' perceptions of study guides created for TYA. It used current literature surrounding TYA performances, supplemental materials for the elementary classroom, and multimedia in performance and education, to glean critical elements for creating a useful TYA study guide. These elements provided the framework for creating a rubric to evaluate a TYA study guide's potential success in the classroom. The mixed methods study then used the created rubric to evaluate etc . . .'s (Educational Theatre Company) 2005 Hey Diddle Diddle! The Rhymes and Rhythms of Mother Goose study guide. This data was combined with surveys administered to elementary teachers. The study guide rated high on the rubric and teachers' perceptions were generally positive. Overall the analysis yielded information useful for the creation of future guides and research.

Children of school age, who have just moved to Sweden can either start in a preparation class or in a normal class. There is no Swedish law or national policy that determines how new children will start and continue their education in Swedish schools. The decision is up to the schools or the communes. This study investigates what kind of educational methods teachers, from a sample of two different schools, are using to educate the newly-arrived students and if these methods are making any contribution to integrating these children into the Swedish school system. The study will raise questions like, how are the new students introduced to the Swedish school, what is the purpose of having the children in preparation class as opposed to normal class, and what methods do the interviewed teachers use to integrate the new children into the school system? Interviews were conducted with four teachers, an associate professor and a senior lecturer in education, who has done several years of research about children from abroad coming in to the Swedish school system. The primary theoretical frames in this study were the sociocultural perspective, language socialization, integration and inclusion. The results show that by not having a comprehensive policy for the newly arrived students, each teacher has a different educational method and the schools are not given enough recourses to help the student succeed. One of the conclusions is that to have a good integration of new students, the schools need to find a reception method that works for each new student based on a comprehensive policy.

Thesis (Ph.D. (English))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Teaching through specifically designed and produced learning materials is a widely used and accepted way of teaching in higher education both nationally and internationally. Although this kind of teaching is used mainly in the field of distance education, it has become increasingly popular at traditional universities in face-to-face methods of education. Developing language-learning materials that meets the needs of English for Specific Purposes learners is a process that requires meticulous planning as English for Specific Purposes courses are aimed at meeting the career needs of the learners. An empirical study was conducted to determine the perceptions and concerns of learners using the ENGL 122 study guide at the North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus). The results of the study indicated that the learners were positive that the study guide enhanced their learning process, but various concerns were also raised by the learners. This study also aimed to create a framework for the writing of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) study guides. In order to achieve this, a literature study was done to provide information about the relevant theories and principles that apply to ESP study guide development. The literature study also included aspects that need to be taken into consideration when designing or planning the development of an ESP study guide. / Thesis (Ph.D. (English))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Teaching through specifically designed and produced learning materials is a widely used and accepted way of teaching in higher education both nationally and internationally. Although this kind of teaching is used mainly in the field of distance education, it has become increasingly popular at traditional universities in face-to-face methods of education. Developing language-learning materials that meets the needs of English for Specific Purposes learners is a process that requires meticulous planning as English for Specific Purposes courses are aimed at meeting the career needs of the learners. An empirical study was conducted to determine the perceptions and concerns of learners using the ENGL 122 study guide at the North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus). The results of the study indicated that the learners were positive that the study guide enhanced their learning process, but various concerns were also raised by the learners. This study also aimed to create a framework for the writing of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) study guides. In order to achieve this, a literature study was done to provide information about the relevant theories and principles that apply to ESP study guide development. The literature study also included aspects that need to be taken into consideration when designing or planning the development of an ESP study guide. / Thesis (Ph.D. (English))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

This study aims to explore students’ use of study guide websites when assigned novels and similar literary works in the EFL classroom in Swedish upper secondary schools. The study is based on the mixed-method approach and the findings reveal that all students that participated in the questionnaire and the interviews used study guide websites in a sense. By further exploring the reasons behind the use of these websites, three categories were discovered based on the conducted interviews: time, comprehension and interest. The findings also reveal that a few students used the study guide websites as an aid, other students used them to substitute reading the assigned literary work, while a few students used the study guide websites both as an aid and as a substitute. Finally, the study concludes that all the participants from the interviews acknowledge that study guide websites cannot substitute literary works entirely and even though they acknowledge the use of them, they do not believe that these websites include enough detailed information about the literary work.

The use of literature both in and outside the classroom is of the utmost importance and must be taken note of by language teachers. The National Curriculum Statement provides the guidelines for teachers to select texts themselves. This leads to teachers only selecting the well-known texts which results in learners only getting to know very few literary works. Older texts are the ideal option for text-selection for the teaching of literature in the classroom. They are still very relevant for classroom use and are considered to be necessary and an integral part of the study of literature. But the teaching of older literature is often neglected especially in the Afrikaans classroom. The Afrikaans literary tradition is still very young in comparison to other languages and consequently does not provide the same type of older texts that for instance English can provide in the form of Shakespeare for teaching purposes. An alternative would be to make use of Middle Dutch and nineteenth century Afrikaans texts. Although these texts aren’t always accessible for learners in the twenty-first century, this problem can be solved by writing a study guide for the purpose of studying older texts. This study guide is obviously meant for learners who can cope with the difficulty of the texts and is therefore meant for home language speakers in the grade 12 classroom. A study guide such as this must be written with a heterogeneous group in mind and should reflect the guidelines as contained in the National Curriculum Statement, especially with regard to the learning activities included in the study guide. To make the study guide user friendly it is better to present the older texts parallel with a translation. This will prevent readers from constantly having to search for footnotes at the bottom of the page. A parallel translation will also make the texts much more accessible. The purpose of the study guide is not to force learners to read Middle Dutch, but rather to expose them to older literature connected to Afrikaans. The teacher can use his own discretion to decide which of the older texts he/she wants to discuss or explore. Concerning the nineteenth century Afrikaans texts it is unnecessary to translate them. It is, however, important to provide sufficient background information in the case of both the Middle Dutch and the nineteenth century Afrikaans texts. By providing cultural history as background information the reader will be enabled to make better sense of the characters and the texts themselves. Readers should then be able to better understand the context in which the texts were produced. / Dissertation (MA (Afrikaans))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Afrikaans / MA / unrestricted

As opportunities to perform as a soloist diminish, more pianists consider chamber and orchestral playing as an alternative solution. By so doing, ample performance opportunities are introduced. Although most university music programs offer ensemble courses for pianists and have begun to offer degrees with an emphasis in accompaniment, their curriculum lacks instructions specifically designed to train and prepare pianists for playing in large ensembles, especially wind bands. This dissertation addresses the difficulties, which one might encounter in large ensemble collaboration, and recommends useful suggestions for acquiring functional skills to solve these difficulties. Pianists can attain professional status by acquiring the functional skills presented in each chapter. The goal of this study is to provide pedagogical support and direction for novice pianists in the larger ensemble collaboration.

Bakgrund Enligt lärare för en högskoleutbildning för en generell examen finns ett upplevt återkommande problem med att studenter som läser ett treårigt kandidatprogram inte förstår hur kurser hänger ihop med varandra och att kurser kan vara behörighetsgivande. Hur ser egentligen problemet ut ur studenters perspektiv? Kan det som lärare beskriver bekräftas av studenter? Hur ser de på sin programtid, hur tar de till sig information om sina studier och hur skulle de vilja få den informationen? Syfte Syftet med forskningsstudien är att bidra med kunskap om vilken typ av information studenter vid en högskoleutbildning behöver under sin programtid. Studiens två frågeställningar är: Vilken information behöver studenter för att de ska förstå sin egen programtid? Hur kan lärosäten utforma information för att stödja studenters förståelse för sin egen tid vid programmet? Metod Metoderna för insamlande av empiri var enkät, semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokumentanalys. De tre årskurserna på Informationsdesignprogrammet vid Högskolan Dalarna tillsammans med dokument som studiehandledningar, kursplaner, utbildningsplan och informationssidorna som finns tillgängliga för studenterna, har utgjort empirin för studien. Totalt utfördes sju intervjuer med studenter från dessa årskurser. Resultat Studien identifierade två huvudsakliga teman i relation till hur studenterna uppfattade programmet, ”Kontext/Identitet” och ”Förståelse/Relevans”. Återkommande uttryck för oförståelse av hur programmets innehåll hänger samman och en osäkerhet kring dess slutmål. Slutsatser Studenter behöver att utbildningens innehåll kopplas till programmets slutmål och mot kommande arbetsliv. Programmet upplevs som väldigt brett och svårt att greppa och att vissa kurser behöver en tydligare relevans för att öka förståelsen, engagemanget och motivationen. Studiehandledningen är ett centralt dokument som borde delvis standardiseras och innehålla specifik information. En interaktiv lösning över programmet med filtreringsfunktion behövs. / Background According to teachers for a higher education for a general degree, there is a perceived recurring problem that students who study a three-year bachelor's program do not understand how courses are connected to each other and that courses can be qualifying. What does the problem really look like from a student's perspective? Can what teachers describe be confirmed by students? How do they view their program time, how do they absorb information about their studies and how would they like to receive that information? Aim The purpose of the research study is to contribute knowledge about the type of information students in a higher education program need during their program time. The study's two questions are: What information do students need in order to understand their own program time? How can higher education institutions design information to support students' understanding of their own time in the program? Method The methods for collecting empirical data were questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The three years of the Information Designprogram at Dalarna University, together with documents such as study guides, syllabi, study plan and the information pages that are available to the students, have formed the empirical basis for the study. A total of seven interviews were conducted with students from these year groups. Results The study identified two main themes in relation to how students perceived the program, "Context / Identity" and"Understanding / Relevance". Recurring expressions of misunderstanding of how the content of the program is connected and an uncertainty about its end goal. Conclusion Students need the content of the education to be linked to the final goals of the program and to future working life.The program is perceived as very broad and difficult to grasp and that some courses need a clearer relevance to increase understanding, commitment and motivation. The study guide is a central document that should be partially standardized and contain specific information. An interactive solution over the program with filtering function is needed.