<p>Marketing means much more than mere advertising: trying to sell what manufacturers have decided to produce. It means the honing of product lines to suit ever-shifting consumer tastes. Studying the relationship between production and consumption is central to understanding modern consumer society. Housing is one of the most important consumer products most people will ever buy. Houses not only provide shelter but also are central to their occupants’ identity. At the same time, housing production and consumption are vitally important to the health of the economy. Yet, despite the importance of housing, marketing practices in the speculative homebuilding industry have received no systematic attention in the marketing, consumer culture, or urban studies literatures. This research begins to fill this gap. Using a case study approach, this thesis examines how the marketing practices of builders in the Toronto area, Canada’s largest real estate market, have evolved in response to shifts in consumer demand during the postwar period. The research draws on evidence from North American building and advertising trade journals and builders’ advertisements that appeared in the <em>Toronto Star</em> between 1940 and 2005.</p> <p>This research shows that since the 1950s, the housebuilding industry has moved from a focus on efficiency in production towards a concern with the needs and preferences of the consumer. This consumer focus, however, has not been an uninterrupted trend, as historians of marketing in other industries have argued. Interest in determining and satisfying consumer demand has gained impetus during certain periods and ebbed during others. This cyclicality can be attributed to market cycles and the relationship between supply and demand. The consumer focus in the homebuilding industry has been strongest during buyers’ markets when supply has exceeded demand, periods of heightened competition between builders, and economic downturns.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Inner ring suburbs are vulnerable as they face continual downward pressure amidst increasingly complex post-industrial regional dynamics. Many suburban policymakers focus on housing and commercial development when considering ways to improve their localities through the built environment; they often overlook the potential benefits of community-oriented infrastructure -- namely public libraries, neighborhood recreation facilities, and community festivals/events -- as a catalyst for encouraging economic development and neighborhood social capital. This study asks whether inner ring suburbs that offer vibrant community institutions exhibit greater levels of resilience capacity than those with less vibrant community facilities. Across the country government officials target community institutions for service reduction and/or closure in high-profile proposals to balance budgets in a tight economy. In a number of high-profile urban library budget fights, community protestors cite their library's functions as a safe environment for children after school to socialize and study, a place for public internet access and engaging programming, and as the hub of the community. Such accounts offer a glimpse into the value of community institutions in the making of place. Suburbs are competing to gain and maintain their base of residents in a highly mobile and competitive environment. Tiebout (1956) theorizes that this ease of mobility allows people to act as consumers who choose the community package of services/amenities that best meets their budget and preferences. The group of community institutions at the center of this study - public libraries, parks and recreation facilities, and community festivals/events -- are part of a wider architecture of local community infrastructure that composes a community's package of services and amenities. Public schools are an important element of that community infrastructure and the one that is most often considered to add value to suburban localities. Although public schools are unquestionably a vital community institution, this dissertation challenges the narrative that school quality is the prime suburban value-generator by measuring the value to local resilience of school quality against the vibrancy of these other kinds of community institutions that may nurture community life in different ways. This work addresses three main gaps in the literature. Work measuring the value of, and understanding the effects of, community institutions in local places is scant. Studies linking resilience capacity to a place's institutional fabric often overlook public-oriented, taxpayer-funded, place-based facilities in favor of an emphasis on non-profit organizations. A regional approach with a focus on effects in inner ring suburbs is rare. Through a mixed methods approach utilizing exploratory data analysis and qualitative content analysis on the inner ring Pennsylvania suburbs surrounding Philadelphia, this research considers the effects of community institutions on each of three previously identified resilience components: economic strength, socio-demographic appeal, and community connectivity. Results suggest that townships with middling or low school quality may be supporting forms of community institutions other than public schools as a way to increase appeal when the schools alone are not a sufficient draw. Furthermore, townships possibly gain resilience value from promoting community institutions in an active way. Other findings shed new light on people-oriented approaches to inner ring suburban resilience and sustainable regional development that may be gaining relevance in the context of 21st century place dynamics. / Geography

This thesis explores how four community gardens (Forest Gardens and Allotment Gardens) in Stockholm's multicultural suburbs enhance social connections among members and build community within the surrounding areas, through the lenses of social capital and third place, respectively. This case study aims to investigate participants’ perspectives on their relationships with other gardeners and visitors from the local neighborhood, utilizing semi-structured interviews and field/participant observations to collect qualitative data. The findings suggest that the shared ideologies among members in Forest Gardens, especially around the principles of permaculture, differentiate this typology from Allotment Gardens, in which the shared space aspect is more prevalent. Forest Gardens raise bonding social capital, stimulating deeper friendships and offering third places for the local communities, while Allotment Gardens promote bridging social capital, encouraging social learning through casual interactions with a diverse group of members, yet not so likely to include outsiders, functioning more as clubs. As a main contribution, this study highlights the importance of investigating the influence of members’ shared ideologies in the way social relationships are shaped in gardening communities, and not only examining gardening practices and spaces. On this basis, further research on the Pallet Collar Garden typology in Stockholm is recommended.

Australia is a suburban nation. Today, with increasing concern regarding the sustainability of cities, an appreciation of the complexities of Australian suburbia is critical to the debate about urban futures. As a built environment and a cultural phenomenon, the Australian suburbs have inspired considerable scholarly literature. Yet to date, such scholarly work has largely overlooked the changing environmental values and visions of those shaping and residing within suburban landscapes, and the practices through which such values and visions are materialised in the processes of suburban development. Focusing on the post-war suburban landscapes of Canberra and Perth, this thesis centralises the environmental, political and economic forces that have shaped human action to construct suburban spaces, paying particular attention to the extent to which individual understandings and visions of 'environment' have determined the shape and nature of suburban development. Specifically, it examines how those operating within Australia’s suburbs, including planners, developers, builders, landscape designers and residents have imagined the 'environment', and how such imaginaries have shifted in response to varying spatial, temporal and ideological contexts. Tracing the shifting nature of environmental concern throughout the mid-to-late twentieth century, it argues that despite the somewhat unsustainable nature of Australia's suburban landscapes, the planning and development of such landscapes has long been influenced by and has responded to differing understandings of 'environment', which themselves are the product of changing social, political and economic concerns. In doing so, this thesis challenges a number of perceptions concerning Australian suburbs, environmental awareness and sustainability. In particular, it contests the assumption that environmental concern for Australia's suburban development emerged with the urban consolidation debates of the 1980s and 1990s, and analyses a range of environmental sensibilities not often acknowledged in current histories of Australian environmentalism. By examining, for example, how the deterministic and economic concerns of differing planning bodies, along with the aesthetic and ecological concerns of various planners, are intertwined with the housing and domestic lifestyle preferences of suburban homeowners, this history brings to the fore the often conflicting environmental ideas and practices that arise in the course of suburban development, and provides a more nuanced history of the diversity of environmental sensibilities. In sum, this thesis enhances our understandings of the changing nature of environmental concern and illuminates the complex, still largely misunderstood, environmental ideas and practices that arise in the processes of suburban development.

This thesis explores ideas of everydayness, the mundane, and the repetitive emptiness of consumer culture. It looks at the malaise that plagues everyday life and examines several attempts throughout history to break from its grips which revolve around a search for a more ideal state. This research includes utopias of modernism, the transcendental, the communal living of Shakers and Early Christians, ascetic monks and The Desert Fathers. These ideas have shaped my studio practice as I construct installations based on worlds which allude to the eternal, the otherworldly, and the fragility of our physical world when compared to more eternal spiritual archetypes.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo tentar compreender o modelo de Igreja católica em São Paulo construído durante os primeiros vinte anos da gestão de d. Paulo Evaristo Arns (1970 1990) quinto arcebispo metropolitano e terceiro cardeal de São Paulo. Foram pesquisadas e analisadas algumas de suas principais iniciativas pastorais em função de sua repercussão dentro e fora de São Paulo, e entre os membros da Arquidiocese de São Paulo e a população em geral. O trabalho foi desenvolvido seguindo dois procedimentos de investigação. Primeiramente, levantamento e análise de fontes primárias e secundárias sobre a vida pessoal e a carreira religiosa de d. Paulo Arns; sobre a história da Igreja católica no mundo, no Brasil e em São Paulo; sobre o contexto social, político e econômico do Brasil e de São Paulo antes e depois do regime militar. A segunda etapa da pesquisa consistiu na realização de entrevistas com alguns padres, religiosas e leigos que trabalharam com d. Paulo Arns no período ora estudado. Após a análise das iniciativas pastorais selecionadas, a conclusão a que se chega é de que d. Paulo Arns teria tido uma atuação religiosa/institucional e políticosocial. Por um lado, há uma nítida intenção de fortalecimento da Igreja católica. Ele teria sempre incentivado a formação de maior número de fiéis para assumir tarefas até então restritas a padres, o que representaria conseguir um contingente ampliado de missionários em potencial e de novas lideranças para conduzir o desenvolvimento das comunidades de base. Por outro, ele teria sempre procurado posicionar-se de maneira explícita em defesa dos direitos sociais e políticos de todas as pessoas, independentemente de classe social, convicção religiosa e ideologia política. O estudo está dividido em quatro Capítulos. No Capítulo 1, faz-se uma análise da história da realização do Concílio Vaticano II (1962 1965) e da Segunda Conferência do Episcopado Latino-Americano (1968), além dos conteúdos dos principais documentos promulgados durante os dois eventos. No Capítulo 2, apresenta-se um breve histórico da biografia de d. Paulo Arns, desde sua infância até sua estada por mais de dez anos em Petrópolis (RJ), onde exerceria diversos cargos (acadêmico, jornalístico e religioso). No Capítulo 3, são enfatizadas as primeiras iniciativas pastorais de d. Paulo Arns quando ainda bispo auxiliar na Arquidiocese de São Paulo. No Capítulo 4, são analisadas algumas das iniciativas mais marcantes da história da Igreja em São Paulo durante os primeiros vinte anos de seu arcebispado. / The target of this study is to understand the model of Catholic Church in Sao Paulo built throughout the first twenty years of D. Paulo Evaristo Arns conduct (1970 1990) fifth metropolitan archbishop and third Sao Paulo cardinal. Some of his main pastoral initiatives were researched and analyzed due to its effect in and out of Sao Paulo, and among the members of the archdiocese of Sao Paulo and the population in general. The study was developed following two practices of investigation. Firstly, survey and analysis of primary and secondary sources about D. Paulo Arns life and religious career; about the history of the Catholic Church in the world, in Brazil and in Sao Paulo; about social, political and economic context in Brazil and Sao Paulo before and after the military regime. The second step of the research consisted of interviews with some priests, religious women and laymen who worked with D. Paulo Arns during the studied period. After the analysis of the pastoral initiatives selected, the conclusion it reached is that d. Paulo Arns would have had a religious/institutional and social political acting. In a way, there is a clear intention of strengthening the Catholic Church. He would have always motivated the formation of a greater number of churchgoers to take over errands that till then were restricted to priests, which would get a big contingent of missionaries to be and of new leaderships to conduct the development of base communities. In another way, he would have always tried to place himself in an explicit way in defense of social and political rights of all people, no matter the social class, religious beliefs and political ideologies. The study is divided in four chapters. On Chapter 1, it analyses the history of the II Vatican Council realization (1962-1965) and the Second Conference of the Latin American Episcopacy (1968), besides the content of the main documents published during these two events. On Chapter 2, it presents D. Paulo Arns brief historical biography, from his childhood to his staying in Petropolis (RJ) for more than ten years, where he would exercise several positions (academic, journalistic and religious). On Chapter 3, D. Paulo Arns first pastoral initiatives are highlightened when still an auxiliary bishop in Sao Paulo Archdiocese. On Chapter 4, some of the most remarkable initiatives of the history of the Church in Sao Paulo are analysed during the first twenty years of his archbishopric.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal analisar a expansão das escolas privadas na periferia do município de São Paulo tendo como recorte a Zona Leste. Buscou-se articular as duas dimensões do objeto a escola privada e a periferia para contribuir com a área de educação e dos estudos urbanos. Foram utilizados dados quantitativos das escolas privadas, por ano de autorização de funcionamento, fornecidos pela Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo, para realização de mapas por geoprocessamento, para verificar a expansão no tempo e no espaço. Elegeu-se como quadro teórico a conceituação da colonialidade do poder à brasileira para analisar o papel da escola privada nas estruturas de poder que justificasse sua presença ao longo do século XX. De um lado, isto implicou em considerar que havia uma hierarquização social, de base racial, forjada desde os tempos coloniais, que separa os setores privilegiados nos postos de trabalhos e de comandos, tendo a educação formal privada como um dos mecanismos materiais e simbólicos de acesso. Por outro lado, buscou-se questionar o estigma da periferia como um espaço de carência e violência, assim como de lócus reservado à escola pública. Defende-se, pois, a tese de que a instalação das escolas privadas é concomitante com a formação da periferia leste desde o início do século XX, indicando que diversos atores da iniciativa privada estiveram presentes na configuração da produção do espaço periférico. / This research main objective was to analyze the rise of private schools in the suburbs of São Paulo city, mainly in East Zone. It aimed to articulate both dimensions of the object private schools and suburbs in order to contribute to the education field and urban studies. Quantitative data about the foundation year of these private schools was provided by São Paulo States Education Secretariat, which was used to build maps through geoprocessing and to verify their rise in space and time. We voted for the conceptualization of coloniality of power in Brazil as an explanatory matrix with the goal of analyzing private schools roles in power structures and to justify their presence in East Zone throughout the 20th century. On one hand, it meant consider the existence of a social hierarchy based on race, which has been constructed since the colonial period and separates privileged sectors in work and control through formal private education as a material and symbolic mechanism of access. On the other hand, we investigated the East Zones stigma, which characterizes the suburb as poor and violent and, therefore, as a public schools exclusively locus. The thesis supported is that the settlement of private schools is concomitant with the east suburbs formation, started in the beginning of the 20th century, which reveals that many private initiative actors have been present in the production configuration of the suburb space.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:32:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA MARIA DA TRINDADE.pdf: 2214051 bytes, checksum: 618495a07845db5df255844275461b85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-20 / This work talks about life conditions of the young people that live in segregated spaces of the city of Goiânia, taking as reference Coronel Cosme s neighborhood. Who are these Young? How do they live? What are their lives Project? What is their organization in that neighborhood? These questions guided me to know better their life way and the space where they live with their family. The objective of this work is to catch the ways of surviving and the organization used by youth, in a reality marked by a politic that provokes urban segregation that has its origins on the planed capital-city construction on the thirties. The presence of workers has the goal to build the city for others to live. These reflections confront the right of housing established by the Universal declaration of the human rights and by the Federal constitutional of 1988. The perspective to search the urban space by the area of ownership has close relation with the life conditions of the popular classes explored by the capitalist relations, with the connivance of the state. In this scenery we try to show how the low finance class young people live, comprehended as a historical category built up and also socially determined. This work shows the reality lived by the young, inside the poverty and violence, as a consequence of the absence of the democratic State and also by the effective presence of the drugs traffic and the violence of the police. From this reality, there are others relations like: protection, income security, threats, arrestments, death, extortions and other practices that are in everyday s life of those families. The investigation process shows an abandoned youth, hostage of the personal and social violence and the misery that is the reality of this population, in a way that the spaces are determined by the speculative character of the housing capital, inside the cities organization. In this context even the land and the housing are commodities, disconnected of the idea of social right built by the fight of the workers. All this reflection is just a contribution in the way of showing the reality how young worker organize their lives, their fights, their dreams forward life projects that are connected to work, studies, the autonomy and their right of a dignified life. / A presente dissertação trata das condições de vida dos jovens que vivem nos espaços segregados da cidade de Goiânia, tendo como referência a Vila Coronel Cosme. Quem são esses jovens? Como vivem? Quais são seus projetos de vida? Qual a organização desses jovens na Vila? Essas são indagações que me levaram a conhecer melhor o modo de vida e o espaço onde estes moram com seus familiares. O objetivo é apreender as formas de sobrevivência e organização adotadas pela juventude, em uma realidade marcada por uma política que favorece a segregação urbana que teve origem na construção da cidade-capital planejada nos anos 30. A presença dos trabalhadores tem com função construir a cidade para os outros morarem. Essas reflexões confrontam com o direito de moradia instituído pela Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos e pela Constituição Federal de 1988. A perspectiva de investigar o espaço urbano através das áreas de posse tem relação direta com as condições de vida das classes populares, expropriadas pelas relações capitalistas com a conivência do Estado. Nesse cenário, procuramos desvendar como vivem os jovens de baixa renda, compreendidos como uma categoria histórica construída e socialmente determinada. A pesquisa revela a realidade vivida pelos jovens, em meio à pobreza e violência, resultante da ausência do Estado democrático e pela presença efetiva do tráfico de drogas e da violência policial. Dessa realidade decorrem outras formas de relações como: proteção, garantia de renda, ameaças, prisão, morte, extorsão, entre outras práticas que marcam o dia a dia das famílias. O processo de investigação revela uma juventude abandonada, refém da violência pessoal e social e da miséria que constitui a realidade dessa população, cujos espaços são determinados pelo capital imobiliário de caráter especulativo, inserido na lógica das cidades. Dentro desse pressuposto, tanto a terra quanto a moradia são mercadorias, desvinculadas da dimensão do direito socialmente construído pela luta dos trabalhadores. Essa reflexão é apenas uma contribuição no sentido de desvendar a realidade na qual os jovens trabalhadores organizam sua vida, suas lutas, seus sonhos, apontando para projetos de vidas que assegurem o trabalho, a escolarização, a autonomia e o seu direito de ter uma vida digna.

O presente trabalho se propõe a fazer uma leitura da metropolização a partir do ponto de vista das transformações sociais e espaciais operadas no subúrbio. Diante desse objetivo, traçamos uma retrospectiva do Município de São Caetano do Sul em sua transição de núcleo rural até sua articulação metropolitana. Com base nas categorias de trabalho, propriedade privada e cotidiano, o trajeto aqui empreendido nos leva à observação da reprodução da vida suburbana conforme se dá o crescimento da Cidade de São Paulo, mas, nesse movimento, a própria vida suburbana se desfaz e degrada em um fragmento da metrópole. / The present research aims to take a view on metropolization from the suburban perspective, considering its social and spatial transformations. Hence, a retrospective approach on the municipality of São Caetano do Sul was taken in order to cover its transition from a rural suburb to its metropolitan articulation. Based on three analytical categories such as labor, private propriety and everyday, this retrospective leads us on the observation of suburban reproduction as São Paulo´s growth take place, but, as this movement develops, suburban life itself crumbles and degrades into a metropolitan fragment.

O presente estudo oferece algumas pistas para a compreensão das atuais implicações entre juventude, cidade e políticas sociais por meio do estudo de caso de um programa social denominado Jovens Urbanos. Registram-se possíveis sentidos das ações públicas dirigidas a jovens pobres moradores das periferias urbanas e as possibilidades que essas ações são capazes de provocar e convergir para a garantia do direito à cidade. Contribui com o debate sobre a gestão de projetos e políticas sociais, exclusão socioespacial e seus impactos nos modos de vida juvenis e com estudos voltados a repensar modelos e metodologias de educação de jovens, assumindo a potência da cidade como espaço formativo. A metodologia proposta pelo Jovens Urbanos é marcadamente influenciada por teses contemporâneas que se debruçam sobre os efeitos da modernidade ou da pós-modernidade nos modos de pensar e agir atuais. O estudo é qualitativo e utilizou entrevistas como principal ferramenta de coleta de dados, das quais decorrem descrições de experiências de jovens egressos e de atores implicados na gestão da terceira edição do programa, realizada de 2007 a 2008, nos distritos de Grajaú e Lajeado. A interação entre uma fundação vinculada a um banco, organizações sociais locais, governos municipal e estadual e outras empresas públicas e privadas, promovida pelo Jovens Urbanos, anunciou desconfianças e esperanças. É analisado o poder de contribuição que essa rede articulada teria no enfrentamento dos desafios das cidades e da juventude, partindo da compreensão de que a crise das cidades transcenderia os indicadores de pobreza e caos urbano, tratando-se, também, de uma crise política. Os indicadores de vulnerabilidade social, utilizados como critérios de medida para escolher os territórios de intervenção, são problematizados, revelando limites e alcances do programa. No tocante aos principais resultados da pesquisa, pode-se afirmar a primazia da cultura em relação à geografia: no Jovens Urbanos, a circulação e o acesso dos jovens aos espaços, artefatos e recursos da cidade seus principais objetivos estiveram colocados em função da ampliação do campo cultural e relacional dos jovens, não obstante o reconhecimento de que os jovens guardam, atualmente, maneiras distintas de sociabilidade e uso do espaço urbano, contestando teses de um possível confinamento socioespacial ao qual estariam submetidos. Ao optar pela cultura, o Jovens Urbanos opera um importante deslocamento: deixa de lado parcos conteúdos de preparo para o mercado de trabalho, amiúde dirigidos a jovens pobres, em prol da exploração, experimentação e produção de diferentes aportes culturais na cidade como sua grande diretriz. A participação no Jovens Urbanos configurou-se, para os atores envolvidos, uma experiência formativa, com rebatimentos (em diferentes medidas e significados) em suas opções de vida, sejam relativas a estudos, trabalho, relacionamento com as cidades ou com outros grupos e territórios de pertença, sejam consigo mesmos. A superação da invisibilidade, por exemplo, figura nas narrativas dos jovens como a possibilidade de olhar e também ser visto, reconhecido, valorizado por seus pares, educadores e outros diferentes atores não-nativos presentes na cidade. / This study offers some clues to understand the current implications amid youth, city and social policies through a case study of a social program called Urban Youths. The study focus in possible meanings of public actions targeting poor young residents of urban suburb area and the possibilities opened by these actions to converge in guarantees of the right to the city. This research expects to contribute to the debate on the management of projects and social policies, socio-exclusion and its impact in ways of youth life, and with studies aiming to rethink models and methodologies of youth education, assuming the power of the city as a formative space. Methodology proposed by Urban Youths is markedly influenced by contemporary theories focused on the effects of modernity or postmodernity in the ways of thinking and acting today. The study is qualitative and used interviews as main tool for data collection, from which derive descriptions of the experiences of both the young people enrolled in the program and the players involved in its management. The edition studied is the third one, conducted from 2007 to 2008, in Grajaú and Lajeado (São Paulo city) districts, promoted by a banks foundation, , local social organizations, municipal and state governments and other public and private companies, which interactions raised mistrust and hopes. The power of contribution of this articulated network was analyzed for meeting challenges of cities and youth, based on the understanding that the crisis of the cities transcend poverty indicators and urban chaos, also being a political crisis. The social vulnerability indicators used by Urban Youths as measurement criteria to choose areas of intervention are assessed, revealing the limits and scope of the program. Regarding the main search results, it is possible to state the primacy of culture over the geography: at Urban Youths, the access of young people to spaces, artifacts and resources of the city its main objectives were placed according to the expansion of cultural and relational field of youngsters, despite the recognition that the young guard, nowadays, different ways of sociability and urban space usage. This challenges the thesis of a possible socio-territorial confinement to which they would be subjected. Making an option for the culture, the Urban Youths takes a major shift: leaves aside meager contents of labor market preparation usually the objective of programs for poor youth for the sake of exploration, experimentation and production of different cultural contributions in the city. Participation in Urban Youth was, for involved players, a formative experience, with repercussions (in different dimensions and meanings) in their life choices, as related to studies, work, and relationship with the city or with other groups of belonging, as to themselves. Overcoming invisibility, for example, takes place in the narratives of young people as the possibility of looking and being seen, recognized, valued by their peers, educators and various other \"non-native\" players in the city.